Re: [Paddlewise] surf landings and some other stuff

From: Dan Hagen <dan_at_hagen.net>
Date: Thu, 13 Aug 1998 01:51:34 -0700
Regarding ferry angles,

John Winters wrote:
> 
> >Has anyone done any experiments on the ideal angle? ...SNIP...

to which Robert C. Cline responded:

>  ...SNIP..
> In summary, if you have to paddle at a ferry angle greater than 60 degrees,
> the effort and time spent might not be worth it.

According to my calculations, this is pretty close.  For a current of
uniform strength, the break even point is about 57 degrees, which occurs
when the ratio of paddling speed to current speed is approximately 1.19
.  In other words, if you can paddle more than 19 percent faster than
the current, your ferry angle will be less than 57 degrees, and it will
take less time to ferry across than to paddle at a straight-across
heading (with zero ferry angle, followed by a paddle up current).  On
the other hand, if your paddling speed is less than 19 percent faster
than the current, your ferry angle would have to exceed 57 percent, in
which case it will take you less time if you paddle a straight-across
heading (zero angle), even though you have to paddle up current once you
reach the other side.

Now for the math! Using some fairly straightforward trigonometry, it can
be shown (if I haven't made an "oops") that the ratio of the
straight-angle time (including the upriver paddle) to the ferry-angle
time, st/ft, equals (1+c/p)cos(a), where "c" is the speed of the
current, "p" is the paddling speed, and "a" is the ferry angle (in
degrees) which itself is a function of c/p.  The necessary ferry angle
"a" equals the inverse sine of c/p.  In other words, the time ratio
st/ft is a function only of c/p.  This ratio equals one when c/p is
approximately equal to .83867, which corresponds to a ferry angle of 57
degrees. If the ratio c/p exceeds .83867 (i.e., if p/c is less than
1.1924), then st/ft is less than one and ferrying will actually take
more time than paddling at a straight-across heading, even though you
have to paddle up current.  (I have checked this against a few
simulations, and this seems to work, but as always someone should check
the math...)

So there you have it. Next time you have to cross a current, ask
yourself if you can paddle more than 19 percent faster than the current.
If so, then you MIGHT save time by ferrying. I say that you might save
time, because the above analysis assumes a current of constant
strength.  But I have never seen such a current. It is typically slower
near shore, even in the absence of eddies.  And with eddies it is, of
course, a whole new ballgame.  So actually, it is quite a bit more
complicated than in the simple model above (it always is).  Add your own
fudge factor to the 19 percent rule.  But perhaps the "rule" provides a
crude staring point...

Dan Hagen
Belingham, Washington
***************************************************************************
PaddleWise Paddling Mailing List
Submissions:     paddlewise_at_lists.intelenet.net
Subscriptions:   paddlewise-request_at_lists.intelenet.net
Website:         http://www.gasp-seakayak.net/paddlewise/
***************************************************************************
Received on Thu Aug 13 1998 - 01:58:50 PDT

This archive was generated by hypermail 2.4.0 : Thu Aug 21 2025 - 16:29:58 PDT