Re: [Paddlewise] Latitude distances

From: John Winters <735769_at_ican.net>
Date: Tue, 8 Sep 1998 07:51:33 -0400
Dave asked;


>
>I have a question that there may not be a definative answer to.  OK, 1
>degree of latitude equals 60 nautical miles right?  And, there are 360
>degrees in a circle right?  How can there be 360 degrees of 60 nautical
>miles each (degree) at both the equator and at latitude 60?  The circle,
of
>course, is much much smaller at the 60 degree latitude.


Position on the globe is measured by means of meridians and parallels.
Meridians, which are imaginary lines drawn around the Earth through the
poles, determine longitude. The meridian running through Greenwich,
England, is the prime meridian of longitude, and all others are either east
or west. Parallels, which are imaginary circles parallel with the equator,
determine latitude. The length of a degree of longitude varies as the
cosine of the latitude. At the equator a degree is 69.171 statute mi; this
is gradually reduced toward the poles. Value of a longitude degree at the
poles is zero.
Latitude is reckoned by the number of degrees north or south of the
equator, an imaginary circle on the Earth's surface everywhere equidistant
between the two poles. According to the International Astronomical Union
ellipsoid of 1964, the length of a degree of latitude is 68.708 statute mi
at the equator and varies slightly north and south because of the oblate
form of the globe; at the poles it is 69.403 statute mi.

(Taken from my encyclopaedia)

I believe the nautical mile was set as the length of one minute of arc of a
great circle based on the assumption that the earth is a sphere (as I
believe it was thought at the time the nautical mile was established). I
suspect they chose the great circle because some kind of consistent measure
was needed for navigation purposes.

Cheers,
John Winters
Redwing Designs
Specialists in Human Powered Watercraft
http://home.ican.net/~735769/







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Received on Tue Sep 08 1998 - 05:24:20 PDT

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