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From: Bob Denton <BDenton_at_aquagulf.com>
subject: RE: [Paddlewise] VHF questions
Date: Mon, 11 Jan 1999 10:10:22 -0500
There is a lot of misinformation in Dan's post regarding antennas and
batteries.

1.	Alkalines produce MORE voltage then nicads although the curve is
different. A radio that produces 5 watts with nicads may produce 7 or 8 with
fresh alkalines. The nicads will maintain a more constant voltage, and
therefore wattage output, but will die, virtually without warning. I've
never heard the term "Energy Density"? 

2.	I don't know what type of telescoping antenna Dan is referring to,
but the length of the antenna is not necessarily a key factor in determining
the performance of the antenna. The small duckies tend to be inefficient but
they are factory tuned for the frequency and radio they are designed for.  A
telescoping whip would have to be accurately tuned for the operational
frequency by extending it to the exact length, assuming it was long enough
to function as a 1/4 wave. Other factors including the connector can affect
the tuning. This would ideally be done using a field strength meter.

3.	Today's nicads are almost memory free and don't require much
coddling.

4.	Optimum performance from a fiberglass kayak would be obtained by
mounting a 1/2 wave whip somewhere on the boat. The 1/2 wave performs well
without a ground and should dramatically out perform an antenna mounted on
the radio. A mag mount with a piece of ferrous metal under the deck or hatch
cover may do the trick.

5.	If you have any friends that are amateur radio operators, they can
be a good source of information. The amateur VHF band is just below the
marine band, and a lot of amateur equipment will operate (illegally) in the
marine bands. Antennas and other gear can be easily modified to work in the
marine bands and most amateur test equipment will operate in the marine band
as well.

Cya
W2PN
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From: Dan Hagen <dan_at_hagen.net>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] VHF questions
Date: Mon, 11 Jan 1999 08:07:09 -0800
Bob Denton wrote:
> 
> There is a lot of misinformation in Dan's post regarding antennas and
> batteries.

Well, one of us is confused (or possibly both). I will provide more
specifics this time to help others determine who it is that is providing
misinformation.  First, you write:

> 
> 1.      Alkalines produce MORE voltage then nicads although the curve is
> different. A radio that produces 5 watts with nicads may produce 7 or 8 with
> fresh alkalines. 

This is true if you are comparing, say, AA's to AA's, but that is not
relevant to my comparison of VHF alternatives.  Let me use a specific
example.  I have a radio (Icom M7) that has both a manufacturer-supplied
NiCad CM-89 battery pack (which does NOT use AA's) and a
manufacturer-supplied AA pack for use with alkalines.  The CM-89 pack is
rated at 9.6 volts, whereas 6 AA alkalines that fit in the
manufacturer-supplied AA holder produce 6 x 1.5volts for a total of 9.0
volts (when the alkalines are new) Of course it is less than 9.0 as the
voltage drops through use.  I asked Icom about the output of this radio
when used with alkalines (since they don't publish a figure) and they
said it would be LESS than 5 watts.  I think that they are correct.

>I've never heard the term "Energy Density"?

I have seen this referred to in varous references on battteries. One
place where have I seen this term is the Cadex Battery Book:

http://www.cadex.com/cfm/index.cfm?Pg=52&Lp=144&Db=&Mo=

Check out the section on "choice of batteries". It has a table with
"energy density" (measured in Wh/kg).  I did not make the term up. 


> 
> 2.      I don't know what type of telescoping antenna Dan is referring to,
> but the length of the antenna is not necessarily a key factor in determining
> the performance of the antenna. The small duckies tend to be inefficient but
> they are factory tuned for the frequency and radio they are designed for.  A
> telescoping whip would have to be accurately tuned for the operational
> frequency by extending it to the exact length, assuming it was long enough
> to function as a 1/4 wave. Other factors including the connector can affect
> the tuning. This would ideally be done using a field strength meter.

Suppliers of such antennas (including the marine electronics shop from
which I purchased mine) claim that a properly matched telescoping
antenna, mounted on the radio, can extend the range of a handheld
significantly.  You seem to claim otherwise.  I do not have the
expertise to tell who is correct as a matter of theory, so I must rely
on my own experiences, which suggest that the suppliers are correct.  Of
course this relies on a properly matched antenna.      

> 
> 3.      Today's nicads are almost memory free and don't require much
> coddling.

What you say disagrees with a major study by the Navy and GTE Government
Systems.  This study involved 3 ships and about 2100 batteries. They
found that a proper maintenance routine *greatly* improves performance
of NiCads.  There is a link to this study at the above Cadex site.  (Go
to the link entitled "GTE report".)  

I agree with your point about using test equipment to test your set-up. 
Any good marine electronics shop will have such equipment, and will be
willing to help you match an antenna to your radio to improve its
performance.

Dan Hagen
Bellingham, Washington
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From: Bob Denton <BDenton_at_aquagulf.com>
subject: RE: [Paddlewise] VHF questions
Date: Mon, 11 Jan 1999 11:29:27 -0500
Standard supplies their radios with a tray that takes both nicads and
alkalines. The nicads produce 5 watts at their nominal voltage. I am not
familiar with Icom's marine radios but I own a number of Icom amateur
handheld VHF/UHF transceivers and have been pleased with their quality and
performance.


> 
> 1.      Alkalines produce MORE voltage then nicads although the curve is
> different. A radio that produces 5 watts with nicads may produce 7 or 8
with
*	fresh alkalines. 



>I've never heard the term "Energy Density"?

I have seen this referred to in varous references on battteries. One
place where have I seen this term is the Cadex Battery Book:

http://www.cadex.com/cfm/index.cfm?Pg=52&Lp=144&Db=&Mo=

Check out the section on "choice of batteries". It has a table with
"energy density" (measured in Wh/kg).  I did not make the term up. 


> 
> 2.      I don't know what type of telescoping antenna Dan is referring to,
> but the length of the antenna is not necessarily a key factor in
determining
> the performance of the antenna. The small duckies tend to be inefficient
but
> they are factory tuned for the frequency and radio they are designed for.
A
> telescoping whip would have to be accurately tuned for the operational
> frequency by extending it to the exact length, assuming it was long enough
> to function as a 1/4 wave. Other factors including the connector can
affect
> the tuning. This would ideally be done using a field strength meter.

Suppliers of such antennas (including the marine electronics shop from
which I purchased mine) claim that a properly matched telescoping
antenna, mounted on the radio, can extend the range of a handheld
significantly.  You seem to claim otherwise.  I do not have the
expertise to tell who is correct as a matter of theory, so I must rely
on my own experiences, which suggest that the suppliers are correct.  Of
course this relies on a properly matched antenna.      

> 
> 3.      Today's nicads are almost memory free and don't require much
> coddling.

What you say disagrees with a major study by the Navy and GTE Government
Systems.  


What type nicads in the study?  

As for the antenna, is yours a telescoping antenna specifically designed for
a marine hand held? If so then it will most certainly produce superior
results to the standard ducky. There are also longer duckies made that are
the length of a telescoping antenna, but are flexible and sealed.

cya
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From: Bob Denton <BDenton_at_aquagulf.com>
subject: RE: [Paddlewise] VHF questions
Date: Mon, 11 Jan 1999 11:55:20 -0500
As far as I can tell, energy density is not a formal term but used only to
refer to weight vs power ratio. My local ham repeater belongs to the
Motorola Radio club. I'll ask the engineers about both the nicad situation
and the energy/density term.

cya


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From: Bob Denton <BDenton_at_aquagulf.com>
subject: RE: [Paddlewise] VHF questions
Date: Mon, 11 Jan 1999 15:42:59 -0500
There is a common misconception about the value of transmitting power and
reception. "A dime on the antenna is worth a dollar on the radio" is one of
the basic precepts. 

I used to talk from Virginia to Europe using 1/3 of a watt. I had a huge
antenna set up for this purpose. When you increase the power 3 fold (or is
it 4 fold) it will only make 1 unit difference on your signal meter...from
S7 to S8. The only time that will be critical is when it takes you out of
the noise floor and makes you audible. With typical environmental noise
(audio) it's unlikely a weak signal would be audible even if just above the
noise floor.

The 1/2 wave antenna is excellent for marine use because it doesn't require
an additional ground plane. The radio functions as the ground plane when
using a duckie, which is less then ideal. The lack of a decent ground is
what would make a co-linear perform poorly in a glass or plastic boat.

The better antennas improve the effective power by flattening out the
radiation pattern concentrating more of the 5 watts at the horizon and less
at the sky. There are inexpensive portable 3 and 4 element VHF yagi antennas
(TV antenna style) which are portable and could be useful for campsites if
hitting the weather transmitter is a problem.

Hope this is useful!

cya

W2PN
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From: Robert C. Cline <rcline_at_onramp.net>
subject: RE: [Paddlewise] VHF questions
Date: Tue, 12 Jan 1999 08:54:55 -0600
Bob Denton wrote:

>The better antennas improve the effective power by flattening out the
>radiation pattern concentrating more of the 5 watts at the horizon and less
>at the sky. There are inexpensive portable 3 and 4 element VHF yagi antennas
>(TV antenna style) which are portable and could be useful for campsites if
>hitting the weather transmitter is a problem.
>
>Hope this is useful!

How about carrying a half wave dipole?  That shouldn't take up much
space... much less than a yagi.  Any benefit of a full wave vs. half wave?
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From: Robert C. Cline <rcline_at_onramp.net>
subject: RE: [Paddlewise] VHF questions
Date: Tue, 12 Jan 1999 09:09:22 -0600
>The problem is that VHF is vertically polarized so you would need to suspend
>the 1/2 wave dipole vertically, then feed it from the middle without
>compromising the radiation pattern. Then you end up with a 1/2 wave
>vertical. The yagi will provide significantly more gain over a
>dipole..usually 7 or 7 dB for 3 elements.


Bob:  Are there published documentation on the difference in gain between
horizontal and vertical polarization in VHF frequencies?  At most amatuer
freq. range, I didn't notice significant problems communicating between the
two.

Do you happen to have the formulas handy for both the j and the dipole?  I
guess the best cut would be for Ch16.  What are the dimensions for each?
If you've got the fomulas handy, that is.

>
>The easiest antenna to use in the field is probably a J-Pole made from coax
>and twin lead for pennies. It can be suspended from a tree and will produce
>excellent results.

Yes.  I was thinking about carrying a spare antenna in the even I was
stranded somewhere...rather than trying to errect a whip on the boat itself.

Robrt

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From: Richard Mitchell <mitchelr_at_ucs.orst.edu>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] Antennas -- more info. please.
Date: Tue, 12 Jan 1999 10:23:21 -0800
Regarding accessory antennas...

While it is impolite net style to add a "Me too."  I'll risk it
here as this is valuable information for perhaps many of us but I
need help.  Would one of you more knowledgeable posters give us
some pragmatic instructions on making an extended antenna for
in-camp emergency use.  What materials should we use (coax, plain
wire of what gauge?)  How should the antenna be connected to the
radio, how should it be deployed?  Hung horizontally between tree
limbs, vertically?  A parts list and suggestions for places to
obtain them would be a boon.  Of course the formulas for length
etc.  would help too, along with any use advice regarding tuning
(without additional equipment).    

Thanks for your guidance.

Rich Mitchell

Robert C. Cline wrote:
> 
> >The problem is that VHF is vertically polarized so you would need to suspend
> >the 1/2 wave dipole vertically, then feed it from the middle without
> >compromising the radiation pattern. Then you end up with a 1/2 wave
> >vertical. The yagi will provide significantly more gain over a
> >dipole..usually 7 or 7 dB for 3 elements.
> 
> Bob:  Are there published documentation on the difference in gain between
> horizontal and vertical polarization in VHF frequencies?  At most amatuer
> freq. range, I didn't notice significant problems communicating between the
> two.
> 
> Do you happen to have the formulas handy for both the j and the dipole?  I
> guess the best cut would be for Ch16.  What are the dimensions for each?
> If you've got the fomulas handy, that is.
> 
> >
> >The easiest antenna to use in the field is probably a J-Pole made from coax
> >and twin lead for pennies. It can be suspended from a tree and will produce
> >excellent results.
> 
> Yes.  I was thinking about carrying a spare antenna in the even I was
> stranded somewhere...rather than trying to errect a whip on the boat itself.
> 
> Robrt
> 
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Robert C. Cline wrote:
> 
> >The problem is that VHF is vertically polarized so you would need to suspend
> >the 1/2 wave dipole vertically, then feed it from the middle without
> >compromising the radiation pattern. Then you end up with a 1/2 wave
> >vertical. The yagi will provide significantly more gain over a
> >dipole..usually 7 or 7 dB for 3 elements.
> 
> Bob:  Are there published documentation on the difference in gain between
> horizontal and vertical polarization in VHF frequencies?  At most amatuer
> freq. range, I didn't notice significant problems communicating between the
> two.
> 
> Do you happen to have the formulas handy for both the j and the dipole?  I
> guess the best cut would be for Ch16.  What are the dimensions for each?
> If you've got the fomulas handy, that is.
> 
> >
> >The easiest antenna to use in the field is probably a J-Pole made from coax
> >and twin lead for pennies. It can be suspended from a tree and will produce
> >excellent results.
> 
> Yes.  I was thinking about carrying a spare antenna in the even I was
> stranded somewhere...rather than trying to errect a whip on the boat itself.
> 
> Robrt
> 
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-- 
Richard G. Mitchell, Jr.
Department of Sociology
Oregon State University
Corvallis, OR 97331
U.S.A.
(541) 752-1323 phone/fax
mitchelr_at_ucs.orst.edu
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