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From: Philip Torrens <skerries_at_hotmail.com>
subject: [Paddlewise] loading trim with and without rudders
Date: Fri, 03 Sep 1999 09:00:26 PDT
It was suggested that using a rudder is an easier way to "adjust the trim" 
of a kayak than by judicious packing of cargo. My boat has a rudder, and I 
still am careful to pack it balanced fore and aft. Here's why:

I prefer to paddle without the rudder as much as possible, both to keep my 
skills up and because the rudder creates drag.

Even when I am using the rudder, a well balanced boat requires less radical 
rudder angles for course correction. The harder you have to put the rudder 
over, the more "stall" (read "drag") you may create.

Murphy's (Posiden's?) Law dictates that a rudder cable will break or a 
sliding footpeg jam at the most inconvenient moment (the latter has happened 
to me). You're going to have to pull the rudder out of the water and steer 
with paddle strokes then; why not make it easy on yourself?

Philip Torrens
N49°16' W123°06'

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From: 735769 <735769_at_ican.net>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] loading trim with and without rudders
Date: Fri, 3 Sep 1999 16:45:21 -0400
-----Original Message-----
From: Philip Torrens <skerries_at_hotmail.com>
To: paddlewise_at_lists.intelenet.net <paddlewise_at_lists.intelenet.net>
Date: Friday, September 03, 1999 12:37 PM
Subject: [Paddlewise] loading trim with and without rudders


It was suggested that using a rudder is an easier way to "adjust the trim"
of a kayak than by judicious packing of cargo.

If this post refers to my post then I hope this will clear things up. I did
not say that a rudder or skeg can "adjust the trim". My post said that it
may make adjusting trim to correct an undesireable helm unnecessary.

(SNIP)

Cheers,
John Winters
Redwing Designs
Web site address, http://home.ican.net/~735769

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From: Matt Broze <mkayaks_at_oz.net>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] loading trim with and without rudders
Date: Fri, 3 Sep 1999 14:41:40 -0700
-----Original Message-----
From: Philip Torrens <skerries_at_hotmail.com>



>It was suggested that using a rudder is an easier way to "adjust the trim"
>of a kayak than by judicious packing of cargo. My boat has a rudder, and I
>still am careful to pack it balanced fore and aft. Here's why:
>
>I prefer to paddle without the rudder as much as possible, both to keep my
>skills up and because the rudder creates drag.

Yes, Sea Kayaker magazine got 10% more drag at 3 knots due to a deep
draft/flat blade/high aspect ratio rudder being in the water and free to
trail straight back. They felt that that much extra drag seemed too high and
ran the test again to check the results. The results were the same (10%
more) on the second run.

>
>Even when I am using the rudder, a well balanced boat requires less radical
>rudder angles for course correction. The harder you have to put the rudder
>over, the more "stall" (read "drag") you may create.

A very good point! The area that the angled rudder sweeps out to correct for
weatherhelm adds as much drag as a flat stick of that area being dragged
perpendicular to the flow. If you must angle the rudder more to compensate
for the extra weatherhelm you create by how you load the kayak that
"virtual" vertical flat stick you are "virtually" dragging will get wider.
This is all added on top of the drag created by the rudder itself (that
wouldn't be there if you didn't need to use it). unfortunately there is no
free lunch and trim change has costs as well.
Joan Spinner mentioned that she felt there was more drag when she added
weight to the stern. I'm not sure there would be enough extra drag to be
that obvious but a hull that is out of trim to the stern will add more drag
than one that is equally out of trim (down) at the bow. Level trim should be
the fastest. I don't know how big this "out of trim" effect is at cruising
speed (and have asked John Winters if he had any data on this several months
ago because some of the kayaks Sea Kayaker reviews do not sit at level trim
and I felt our drag calculations should reflect this (if we could find any
applicable experimental data to use to quantify the effect). Adding extra
weight to create the trim change will also have costs in (slightly)
increasing drag and ( perhaps more significantly) slowing accelleration.
Many paddlers use accelleration to (erroneously) judge a kayaks speed. Joan
may have used accelleration to judge speed and her lightweight friend
didn't.
I have run top speed tests with the original Mariner at different trim
positions (easy to do when you can move the seat 18 inches). Bow down trim
added about 1/2 to 1% to my sprint times. With the seat 9" behind trim I was
about 4% slower in an all out sprint than when level. With my 180 pound body
shifted to the extremes of seat adjustment we measured a 4" difference in
water level at the stern with that boat.
>
>Murphy's (Posiden's?) Law dictates that a rudder cable will break or a
>sliding footpeg jam at the most inconvenient moment (the latter has
happened
>to me). You're going to have to pull the rudder out of the water and steer
>with paddle strokes then; why not make it easy on yourself?
>
Maybe you should have a back up rudder.

Matt Broze
http://www.marinerkayaks.com


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From: Philip Torrens <skerries_at_hotmail.com>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] loading trim with and without rudders
Date: Fri, 03 Sep 1999 15:44:36 PDT
>From: "Matt Broze" <mkayaks_at_oz.net>
>
> >Murphy's (Posiden's?) Law dictates that a rudder cable will break or a
> >sliding footpeg jam at the most inconvenient moment (the latter has
>happened
> >to me). You're going to have to pull the rudder out of the water and 
>steer
> >with paddle strokes then; why not make it easy on yourself?
> >
>Maybe you should have a back up rudder.

Good Idea Matt!:-)  I bet I can retire on the proceeds from selling an 
after-market second rudder that mounts on the bow. I think I'll call it the 
"Anudder Rudder (TM)".

Philip Torrens
N49°16' W123°06'

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From: Mel Lammers <mslammers_at_earthlink.net>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] loading trim with and without rudders
Date: Fri, 3 Sep 1999 18:58:09 -0400
I don't think so, but let us know if you get one built.
=^..^=
--Mel--
Mel Lammers
mslammers_at_earthlink.net
----- Original Message -----
From: Philip Torrens <skerries_at_hotmail.com>
To: <mkayaks_at_oz.net>; <paddlewise_at_lists.intelenet.net>
Sent: Friday, September 03, 1999 6:44 PM
Subject: Re: [Paddlewise] loading trim with and without rudders


> >From: "Matt Broze" <mkayaks_at_oz.net>
> >
> > >Murphy's (Posiden's?) Law dictates that a rudder cable will break or a
> > >sliding footpeg jam at the most inconvenient moment (the latter has
> >happened
> > >to me). You're going to have to pull the rudder out of the water and
> >steer
> > >with paddle strokes then; why not make it easy on yourself?
> > >
> >Maybe you should have a back up rudder.
>
> Good Idea Matt!:-)  I bet I can retire on the proceeds from selling an
> after-market second rudder that mounts on the bow. I think I'll call it
the
> "Anudder Rudder (TM)".
>
> Philip Torrens
> N49°16' W123°06'
>
>
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>
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>

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From: 735769 <735769_at_ican.net>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] loading trim with and without rudders
Date: Sat, 4 Sep 1999 18:53:11 -0400
-----Original Message-----
From: Matt Broze <mkayaks_at_oz.net>
To: paddlewise_at_lists.intelenet.net <paddlewise_at_lists.intelenet.net>
Date: Friday, September 03, 1999 6:12 PM
Subject: Re: [Paddlewise] loading trim with and without rudders

(SNIP)


> I'm not sure there would be enough extra drag to be
>that obvious but a hull that is out of trim to the stern will add more drag
>than one that is equally out of trim (down) at the bow. Level trim should
be
>the fastest. I don't know how big this "out of trim" effect is at cruising
>speed (and have asked John Winters if he had any data on this several
months
>ago because some of the kayaks Sea Kayaker reviews do not sit at level trim
>and I felt our drag calculations should reflect this (if we could find any
>applicable experimental data to use to quantify the effect).

(SNIP)

I did get some information using my current prediction program but after
trying a number of different boats I found the results inconclusive. Some
performed better trimmed bow down, some better stern down, some had little
difference at all.

In short, it appeared that each boat responded differently to trim and the
same boat might respond differently under differing loads.

I wish I could say that trimming one way or the other always produced a
particular result but I can't. Admiral Taylor said that trim did not make
much difference. I just don't know enough about it to say.

Cheers,
John Winters
Redwing Designs
Web site address, http://home.ican.net/~735769

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