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From: Donald R. Reid <dreid_at_andetur.com>
subject: [Paddlewise] Andrea Gail - Perfect Storm
Date: Thu, 6 Jul 2000 09:14:27 -0500
"In the movie "Perfect Storm," I was surprised to see the
Andrea Gail
rigged with apparent trawler booms when it was fishing as a
longliner.
Yes, you can attach a longline reel/drum to any boat, but
why carry the
useless (and dangerous, in this movie) trawler booms? "
Darrell Lee

Darrell, good morning and good question

I'm not sure about the Andrea Gail, but many of the trawlers
in New England are rigged so that they can fish in several
fisheries, for example scalloping and shrimping.  Many were
old shrimp boats converted in the 1970's and 1980's to drag
for scallops on the Grand Banks.

There has been a lot of controversy over the years as these
boats developed.  The first Gulf shrimpers were built along
the Gulf coast, many by the fishermen themselves along the
banks of bayous or creek sides in the south.  No plans, no
naval architect or engineer.  Just an owner with a welding
machine and a couple helpers that were either kin folks or
local friends.

Each boat added the individuals personal thoughts and
desires .... i.e. "I want to build a boat 15' longer than my
neighbor Boudreaux".

None of these boats were 'inspected vessels' ... as they got
closer to 100' (the magic measurement where they would have
to be inspected), they started moving they houses forward
and upward.  A command deck was added topside to give them
more crew space below.  The basic hulls never changed.

When used as a longliner, and they still had the outriggers
... they would mount stablizers which were drug from them to
attempt to keep the boats from rolling so badly.

Under no means were these boats stable ... all the extra
weight topside was not compensated for.  In addition ...
when these boats arrived in New England ... even more steel
was added to close in parts of the deck areas because of the
severe weather.

One series of these boats was built by a ship yard in St.
Augustine, Florida, that became quite popular as scallopers
during the 1970's.  Called the St. Augustine Trawler, these
boats were built 'en masse' by a Texas businessman with the
idea of taking over the New England scallop market.  When
this operation went bankrupt ... many of the boats were sold
at auction to the local fishermen.  There are still quite a
few working in New England, especially around Glouchester,
New Bedford - Fairhaven, Fall River, and Newport.

Capt. Donald R. Reid

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From: D Lee <snorkler_at_juno.com>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] Andrea Gail - Perfect Storm
Date: Sun, 9 Jul 2000 21:53:02 -0700
Thanks to all for the interesting discussion.  I think Capt. Reid summed
it up the best.  Apparently some of the Gloucester boats are "evolution"
boats saddled with trawler booms and top-heavy with add-on command decks,
so unstable that underwater stabilizer wings are utilized (as many of
you, including Craig Hicks and Dave Seng, noted).  I wasn't previously
aware of the need for stabilizer wings/disks on non-trawlers, but the
movie clearly showed anchors hanging from the booms, not stabilizer
wings, didn't it?  I'm familiar with the otter doors used by
shrimp/flounder/scallop trawlers.  They're used to spread the net and
they do "fly" and stabilize, but they're not what hung from the Andrea
Gail.

I learned that the Grand Banks cod fishery was a gillnet fishery.  As I
recall, gillnets are typically fed and retrieved from a spool or reel
similar to a longline spool/reel, and the stern is usually very low to
allow pulling the net on board.  The fish are picked from the net as it's
reeled in.

There was a lot of well-meaning misinformation given out.  Gillnets are
not trawled.  They're hung from floats and either drifted or anchored. 
The mesh size dictates what they catch.  You might use 4" mesh for
salmon, and 1/4" mesh for anchovies.  As Kirk Olsen noted, there's a lot
of potential abuse from gillnets, and lost drift gillnets continue to
kill for years.  All nets are indiscriminate killers of anything that
gets caught in them, including undersize fish, turtles, and dolphins.

Trollers use much thinner booms that only need to be strong enough to
hold 3 or 4 trolling lines on each side.  Trolling booms can't really be
mistaken for trawler booms.  Salmon, albacore, Dorado, and billfish are
common troll-caught fish.

Dave Kruger and Gabriel Romeu asked about fishing gear.  Trawlers or
draggers don't use gear off the stern.  They use massive side booms to
spread and retrieve a massive net that drags close to the sea bottom. 
The net may have chains hanging from it to kick shrimp, flounders, and
scallops off the bottom into the net.  Typically there are flying doors
or wings at the outer edges of the net to spread it.

Purse seiners work on the principle of surrounding a school of fish and
drawing the bottom of the purse tight.  Tuna and salmon seiners have a
Marco Power Block (a big pulley, centrally located and elevated) to raise
the net, and a powerful seine skiff to take the other end of the net out
from the boat.

Longliners use the hook and bait method shown in the movie Perfect Storm.
 Halibut, sharks, and Swordfish are longlined.  I think most tuna are
caught by net or by hook and line, not longlining as Kirk Olsen said.

I shared Doug Lloyd's near-tears.  The movie was action-packed and
emotionally gripping.  Time magazine's July 3 edition mentioned the
computer-enhanced ocean waves.  I have to admit that the 200' swell that
capsized the Andrea Gail was hard to stomach, but the visual effect was
gripping.  

Darrell Lee
Alameda, CA
snorkler_at_juno.com

> Darrell, good morning and good question
> 
> I'm not sure about the Andrea Gail, but many of the trawlers
> in New England are rigged so that they can fish in several
> fisheries, for example scalloping and shrimping.  Many were
> old shrimp boats converted in the 1970's and 1980's to drag
> for scallops on the Grand Banks.
> 
> There has been a lot of controversy over the years as these
> boats developed.  The first Gulf shrimpers were built along
> the Gulf coast, many by the fishermen themselves along the
> banks of bayous or creek sides in the south.  No plans, no
> naval architect or engineer.  Just an owner with a welding
> machine and a couple helpers that were either kin folks or
> local friends.
> 
> Each boat added the individuals personal thoughts and
> desires .... i.e. "I want to build a boat 15' longer than my
> neighbor Boudreaux".
> 
> None of these boats were 'inspected vessels' ... as they got
> closer to 100' (the magic measurement where they would have
> to be inspected), they started moving they houses forward
> and upward.  A command deck was added topside to give them
> more crew space below.  The basic hulls never changed.
> 
> When used as a longliner, and they still had the outriggers
> ... they would mount stablizers which were drug from them to
> attempt to keep the boats from rolling so badly.
> 
> Under no means were these boats stable ... all the extra
> weight topside was not compensated for.  In addition ...
> when these boats arrived in New England ... even more steel
> was added to close in parts of the deck areas because of the
> severe weather.
> 
> One series of these boats was built by a ship yard in St.
> Augustine, Florida, that became quite popular as scallopers
> during the 1970's.  Called the St. Augustine Trawler, these
> boats were built 'en masse' by a Texas businessman with the
> idea of taking over the New England scallop market.  When
> this operation went bankrupt ... many of the boats were sold
> at auction to the local fishermen.  There are still quite a
> few working in New England, especially around Glouchester,
> New Bedford - Fairhaven, Fall River, and Newport.
> 
> Capt. Donald R. Reid
 


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From: Dave Kruger <dkruger_at_pacifier.com>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] Commercial Fishing Gear [OT]
Date: Mon, 10 Jul 2000 02:40:17 -0700
D Lee wrote:
> 
> Thanks to all for the interesting discussion.  I think Capt. Reid summed
> it up the best.  Apparently some of the Gloucester boats are "evolution"
> boats saddled with trawler booms and top-heavy with add-on command decks,
> so unstable that underwater stabilizer wings are utilized (as many of
> you, including Craig Hicks and Dave Seng, noted).  I wasn't previously
> aware of the need for stabilizer wings/disks on non-trawlers, but the
> movie clearly showed anchors hanging from the booms, not stabilizer
> wings, didn't it? 

No, those were not anchors.  They were standard stabilizers.  They are heavily
built so they will sink into the water enough to stabilize the boat.  And no,
the use of stabilizers is not restricted to "unstable" boats.  The stabilizers
are used to damp out the roll of the vessel so it is easier to work on (check
out Capt. Reid's words, at the end).  I can go look at any of a dozen drag
boats moored two miles from here, and they will all be equipped with
stabilizers.

It is probably true that some of the Gloucester boats are slung together with
too much steel up top, but even drag boats which are designed specifically (and
carefully) for that fishery use the stabilizers.

> I learned that the Grand Banks cod fishery was a gillnet fishery.  As I
> recall, gillnets are typically fed and retrieved from a spool or reel
> similar to a longline spool/reel, and the stern is usually very low to
> allow pulling the net on board.  The fish are picked from the net as it's
> reeled in.

Some salmon gillnet boats retrieve the net over the bow.  

> There was a lot of well-meaning misinformation given out.  Gillnets are
> not trawled.  They're hung from floats and either drifted or anchored.
> The mesh size dictates what they catch.  You might use 4" mesh for
> salmon, and 1/4" [sic; more like 1 inch] mesh for anchovies.
>  As Kirk Olsen noted, there's a lot
> of potential abuse from gillnets, and lost drift gillnets continue to
> kill for years.  All nets are indiscriminate killers of anything that
> gets caught in them, including undersize fish, turtles, and dolphins.

For a serious look at the issue Darrell raises for groundfishing, check out: 
http://www.times.org/archives/1999/undersea1.htm   Even commercial fishers
recognize the impact groundfishing has on habitat.

> Trollers use much thinner booms that only need to be strong enough to
> hold 3 or 4 trolling lines on each side.  Trolling booms can't really be
> mistaken for trawler booms.  Salmon, albacore, Dorado, and billfish are
> common troll-caught fish.

True, although high seas trollers have booms that are pretty herky.

> Dave Kruger and Gabriel Romeu asked about fishing gear.  Trawlers or
> draggers don't use gear off the stern.  They use massive side booms to
> spread and retrieve a massive net that drags close to the sea bottom.

Huh?  I can go examine any of twenty local draggers and they all retrieve their
nets over the stern.  I agree some use booms to deploy the net, which would be
beam or outrigger trawlers.  Here is a section off the Brittanica Web site to
clarify this:

BEGIN
Stern trawlers 

Practically all trawlers built today are stern trawlers, with the trawl
launched and recovered over the stern. The vessels are generally designed with
the wheelhouse and superstructure forward, often forming part of the raised
forecastle. By contrast, the working deck aft is lower, and, on the larger 
trawlers a ramp is built into the stern up which the trawl is pulled onto the
deck. On smaller stern trawlers the trawl is lifted on board by a hoist.

 Beam or outrigger trawlers 

With this type of vessel, two beam trawls are towed from booms extending to
each side and supported by a central mast. The booms are very strong, as they
take the full weight of the trawl being towed. The mast supporting the booms
may be located forward, in which case the wheelhouse is located aft as on a
side trawler, or they may be amidships with the wheelhouse forward, as on a
stern trawler. The former type is widely used for beam trawling in Europe,
while the latter is the pattern of most shrimp trawlers. European-style beam
trawlers are the most powerful fishing vessels of their size in the world.
END

> Capt. Donald R. Reid wrote:

> > When used as a longliner, and they still had the outriggers
> > ... they would mount stablizers which were drug from them to
> > attempt to keep the boats from rolling so badly.

-- 
Dave Kruger
Astoria, OR

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From: Larry Bliven <foxhill_at_shore.intercom.net>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] Commercial Fishing Gear [OT]
Date: Mon, 10 Jul 2000 19:27:35 -0400
From: Dave Kruger >
> No, those were not anchors.  They were standard stabilizers.  They are
heavily
> built so they will sink into the water enough to stabilize the boat

yes, so they say.
back in the '70's i was on a Duke U Marine Lab trawler with stablizers. the
boat was a gift to the lab (read tax write off). we were out just a bit in
coastal North Carolina waters...

that boat wasn't worth 2 cents. with the stabilizers down, it rolled
excessively and had almost continuous water coming across the deck.

on the way back to port, we rename her from the 'deWolf' to the 'De Ralph'

i detest boats with stablizers.

bye bye bliven


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From: D Lee <snorkler_at_juno.com>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] Commercial Fishing Gear [OT]
Date: Mon, 10 Jul 2000 20:53:53 -0700
> No, those were not anchors.  They were standard stabilizers.  They are
heavily
> built so they will sink into the water enough to stabilize the boat.  
And no,
> the use of stabilizers is not restricted to "unstable" boats.  The 

Thanks.  I'll have to pay better attention the next time I see the movie
(on t.v. or video).

> > recall, gillnets are typically fed and retrieved from a spool or reel
> > similar to a longline spool/reel, and the stern is usually very low
to
> > allow pulling the net on board.  The fish are picked from the net as
it's
> > reeled in.
> 
> Some salmon gillnet boats retrieve the net over the bow.  

Fortunately I covered myself with "typically."  

> Huh?  I can go examine any of twenty local draggers and they all
retrieve their
> nets over the stern.  I agree some use booms to deploy the net, which
would be
> beam or outrigger trawlers.  Here is a section off the Brittanica Web
site to
> clarify this:

I stand corrected.  My experience has been with Alaska shrimp and scallop
and Georgia shrimp trawlers, which have all been outrigger trawlers.  I
wasn't even aware of stern trawlers until I read your message.  Thanks
for the education.

Darrell Lee
Alameda, CA
snorkler_at_juno.com

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From: Donald R. Reid <dreid_at_andetur.com>
subject: RE: [Paddlewise] Andrea Gail - Perfect Storm
Date: Mon, 10 Jul 2000 07:39:02 -0500
Good morning Darrel,

> but the movie clearly showed anchors hanging from the
booms, not
> stabilizer
> wings, didn't it?  I'm familiar with the otter doors used
by
> shrimp/flounder/scallop trawlers.  They're used to spread
> the net and
> they do "fly" and stabilize, but they're not what hung
> from the Andrea
> Gail.

I haven't seen the actual movie yet, but I did see the TV
documentary
about the making of the movie .... I assure you that
actually I'd bet
my life that the Andrea Gail had stabilizers.  Remember this
was a
film maker 'idea' of what happened.

> There was a lot of well-meaning misinformation given out.
> Gillnets are
> not trawled.  They're hung from floats and either drifted
> or anchored.
> The mesh size dictates what they catch.  You might use 4"
> mesh for
> salmon, and 1/4" mesh for anchovies.  As Kirk Olsen noted,
> there's a lot
> of potential abuse from gillnets, and lost drift gillnets
> continue to
> kill for years.  All nets are indiscriminate killers of
> anything that
> gets caught in them, including undersize fish, turtles,
> and dolphins.

Gill-netting is used quite a bit for sword-fishing also,
the mesh being much larger.  Can still catch dolphins.

> Longliners use the hook and bait method shown in the movie
> Perfect Storm.
>  Halibut, sharks, and Swordfish are longlined.  I think
> most tuna are
> caught by net or by hook and line, not longlining as Kirk
> Olsen said.
>

Actually longlining is the most used method for catching
tuna
and swordfish worldwide.  The Japanese and Koreans use lines
up to 75 miles in length.  Most Americans are less that 35
miles in length.

> I have to admit that the 200' swell that
> capsized the Andrea Gail was hard to stomach, but the
> visual effect was
> gripping.

I have operated tug boats in average seas of 35' +, and rode
out
seas of up to 50' .... thank God, I've never seen a 200'
wave. I
know other captains that claim to have been in 90' seas.

But, even in  50' (a true 50' wave) you might well think it
was
200' ..... especially in a tug or a fishing vessel ... no
fun
at all.

Capt. Donald R. Reid



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From: Philip Torrens <skerries_at_hotmail.com>
subject: RE: [Paddlewise] Andrea Gail - Perfect Storm
Date: Mon, 10 Jul 2000 10:56:08 PDT
>Good morning Darrel,

> > I have to admit that the 200' swell that
> > capsized the Andrea Gail was hard to stomach, but the
> > visual effect was
> > gripping.
>
>I have operated tug boats in average seas of 35' +, and rode
>out
>seas of up to 50' .... thank God, I've never seen a 200'
>wave. I
>know other captains that claim to have been in 90' seas.
>
>But, even in  50' (a true 50' wave) you might well think it
>was
>200' ..... especially in a tug or a fishing vessel ... no
>fun
>at all.
>
>Capt. Donald R. Reid

I wouldn't imagine anyone who's seen a 200' wave from sea level is around to 
tell the tale. I believe the typical size of the waves mentioned, in the 
book at least, was 100 feet - half the size, but still more than enough.

I saw "The Perfect Storm" movie on Saturday. Judging from my experience 
"breaking out" through the surf zone in my whitewater boat, the computer 
animators did a superb job of capturing the dreadful moment when a wave 
peaks and breaks "too soon", before you can power over the top, the awful, 
achingly long seconds during which you realise this is happening, and the 
wild, out-of-control back-surfing that happens before the boat is flipped.

In the book, the author mentions that the Coast Guard term for a wave that 
is too steep and fast for a given boat to power up the face of is  
"non-negotiable". My kayak surfing buddies and I have adopted this term as 
very descriptive: "Wow, that wave was totally non-negotiable - it maytagged 
me completely, and then window-shaded me back to shore!"

Philip Torrens
N49°16' W123°06'


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From: Steven Featherkile <madwolf_at_earthlink.net>
subject: RE: [Paddlewise] Andrea Gail - Perfect Storm
Date: Mon, 10 Jul 2000 11:36:46 -0700
I've seen 30 foot waves from the pilot house of a Navy cruiser.  That is
enough for me.  The tactical situation required that we be in the trough,
and we were rolling 40 degrees each side.
Steve Featherkile


> [Original Message]
> From: Philip Torrens <skerries_at_hotmail.com>

> 
> I wouldn't imagine anyone who's seen a 200' wave from sea level is around
to 
> tell the tale. I believe the typical size of the waves mentioned, in the 
> book at least, was 100 feet - half the size, but still more than enough.
> 
> I saw "The Perfect Storm" movie on Saturday. Judging from my experience 
> "breaking out" through the surf zone in my whitewater boat, the computer 
> animators did a superb job of capturing the dreadful moment when a wave 
> peaks and breaks "too soon", before you can power over the top, the
awful, 
> achingly long seconds during which you realise this is happening, and the 
> wild, out-of-control back-surfing that happens before the boat is flipped.
> 
> In the book, the author mentions that the Coast Guard term for a wave
that 
> is too steep and fast for a given boat to power up the face of is  
> "non-negotiable". My kayak surfing buddies and I have adopted this term
as 
> very descriptive: "Wow, that wave was totally non-negotiable - it
maytagged 
> me completely, and then window-shaded me back to shore!"
> 
> Philip Torrens
> N49°16' W123°06'
> 
> 
>
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--- Steven Featherkile
--- madwolf_at_earthlink.net
--- EarthLink: It's your Internet.


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From: Melissa <bonnyweeboaty_at_yahoo.com>
subject: RE: [Paddlewise] Andrea Gail - Perfect Storm
Date: Mon, 10 Jul 2000 19:13:58 -0700 (PDT)
--- Philip Torrens <skerries_at_hotmail.com> wrote:

-snip-

> 
> My kayak surfing buddies and I have adopted this
> term as 
> very descriptive: "Wow, that wave was totally non-negotiable - it
> maytagged 
> me completely, and then window-shaded me back to shore!"
> 

Yes - rag doll mode.  I know it well.  ;-)

Melissa

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From: Paul <quale_at_ix.netcom.com>
subject: RE: [Paddlewise] Andrea Gail - Perfect Storm
Date: Mon, 10 Jul 2000 22:39:26 -0700
The negotiability of a wave depends in part on its height and period.
Goliath rollers spaced far apart without breaking crests are more manageable
than steep confused seas in a gale.  Of the big sea stories that saltier
members are recalling, how long would an expert kayaker survive in such
conditions?

If only I could make my kayak and body survive diving under the 100' wave
like some super duck.

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