Re: [Paddlewise] paddle sizing

From: merijn wijnen <merijn_at_music.demon.nl>
Date: Fri, 11 May 2001 14:20:11 +0200
Hi all, I have read some interesting thoughts in the paddle sizing 
discussion, but there are two subjects I really miss. One is the 
difference between force and power. The other is the difference 
between force and efficiency. 

As a touring paddler I am not interested in how much force the 
paddle can deleiver in the water, I am interested in the optimum 
efficiency (in terms of power in - power out) of the entire boat- 
paddler-paddle system. 

To focus on the paddle: A paddle does slip in the water. If you do a 
very simple approximation on a normal paddle (not a wing paddle) 
then some typical values for a Blade size: 0.15 x 0.3 m  (6" x 12") 
are: Force     Slip speed (paddle with respect to the water) 
5 N                      0.3 m/sec 
50 N                   1 m/sec 
500 N                  3 m/sec 

The values are calculated using momentum theory. Compared with 
the speed of the kayak up to 3.5 m/sec (7 knots) the slip of paddles 
is significant. In a first approximation slip is proportional to the 
square root of blade area (again, not for wing paddles). 

The question is: does this slip influence the efficiency of the paddle? 
Actually, I do not think that this is necessarily the case. A larger 
paddle wil have a bigger wake, but probably with a somewhat lower 
energy density. So effincy will probaly not differ wildly. 


The slip of the paddle, however, does directly influence the 
efficiency of the paddler-paddle combination. From the viewpoint of 
biomechanics, muscles can deliver an maximum amount of power 
for a given contraction speed. A different (higher) contraction speed 
has the muscles operate at maximum efficiency. The optimum 
contraction speed for both settings depend heavily on the person. A 
very well trained sporter usually operates at hihger contraction 
speed. This can be seen easily for cyclists, as they have  finely 
adjestable gearing. A touring cyclist uses lower contraction speeds 
(lower RPM) than a profesional cyclist. And during sprints 
(=maximum power) professional cyclist tend to use a lower RPM 
than on long distances (=maximum efficiency). 

In chosing the right paddle size (that is blade area and length) you 
can match the gearing you use to the kind of paddling you do. 
Large blade, long paddle= high gearing. Examples: 
Slow boat: smaller gearing to keep your muscles at speed 
Sprint: use larger gearing 


Another way to adjust your gearing is to change your forfard stroke. 
A wide sweeping stroke has a higher blade speed than a high angle 
racing stroke. 

I think the best way to achieve an efficient stroke is to chose a 
paddle you like, stick with it and learn to adapt your stroke to the 
paddle, the boat, the conditions and your own condition. 

The major difference between paddles is not just blade size or 
length, it is handling. For example: I like a long narrow blade 
because it is easy to control blade angle, and ( for the paddles I 
have tried) they tend to flutter less than wide blades. But this is, of 
course is a very personal opinion, only valid for myself. 

Just for what it is worth, 

greetings, 

Merijn 



******************************
Merijn Wijnen
Vinkenhofje 8
5613 CN Eindhoven
The Netherlands
Tel.: 040-2939991          (job: 040-2650539)
Fax:  same as tel., call before sending or try twice
E-mail: Home: merijn_at_music.demon.nl
        Job:  m.wijnen_at_ind.tno.nl
Web-site: http://www.music.demon.nl

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Received on Fri May 11 2001 - 05:24:01 PDT

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