Re: [Paddlewise] Forward paddling, paddle length and cocked wrists

From: Matt Broze <mkayaks_at_oz.net>
Date: Fri, 11 May 2001 05:23:38 -0700
Harold wrote:
>>>>Just out of curiosity, what stick do you usually use?<<<<<

A big one, it allows me to speak softly.;-)
I usually paddle with a 220 Std. blade Lightning or a 220 Epic Wayfarer both
in lightweight graphite and left feathered to 75 degrees (I'm right handed).

Harold wrote:
>>>>Amen, Brother.  Though even ten years ago, I could pull my body apart
with a
220 Camano.  My body is built more for the 220 Little Dipper.  Anything
larger and I have to be careful or I'll strip my gears.<<<<

Is it so hard to be careful? I've always wondered why not just not yank so
hard at first if using a stiff shaft or other paddle that folks claim tears
them up.

Harold wrote:
>>>>I see traditional (straight) paddles as making more sense because in
coastal
kayaking the wind comes at you from all quarters.  The feathered paddle only
helps (to any large degree IMHO) when you are paddling into the wind.  In a
crosswind it is a liability and downwind no help.  So 2/3 of the time the
straight paddle wins.<<<<

Are you going to trying to say that the wind helps an unfeathered paddler
going down wind?
Let's look at that. The upper blade moves forward roughly 2.5 times the
speed of the kayak. Say the kayak is going 4 knots into a 10 knot wind. The
relative wind on the blades is thus 20 knots at the top of the stroke. The
same area on the kayak would be 14 knots. Because the force increases at the
square of the speed there is a little over twice the force on the
unfeathered paddle blade as an equal sized flat area on your body or boat.
Now turn around and go downwind. with the same energy expenditure you could
probably make 5 knots but for the sake of consistency I'll keep the speed at
4 knots downwind in a 10 knot wind. Blade speed 10 knots, wind speed 10
knots. Relative wind 0 knots, or no help at all. In reality the wind is
going to have to be over 12 knots for one to get the slightest help from the
unfeathered blades, and then because of the square of the speed thing the
force will be very small relative to the loss going into the wind. Because
you can't go as fast into a wind you will also spend a lot more time
paddling into the wind as going downwind to cover the same distance. Now
let's look at side winds. While it is true that the wind can get under the
blade if one takes too high a stroke in an extreme sidewinder I have had no
trouble learning not to expose my blade flat to the wind in these kind of
conditions. not since my earliest experiences in extreme wind (Friday the
13th Storm in Seattle--gusts reached 79 mph) have I had to let go of the
paddle with the upper hand to avoid a capsize. I'm careful not to expose the
blade flat to the wind in those conditions. But what would I do if the wind
caught my body too upright and started to knock me over. Probably I'd do a
reflex brace without thinking. With a feathered paddle the blade would end
up high at the end of the brace but edge on to the wind. If I was paddling
unfeathered my automatic reflexes just might get me in trouble. The big win
is in headwinds, minor advantage to unfeathered at best in strong tailwinds
and some arguable points either way in side winds.

Harold wrote:
>>>>An aside -- I found using feathered paddles in the wind easier when all
of
them were still 90* instead of the diluted angles of today.  The
70*-and-less
offsets make the upper blade climb and stall in a heavy wind and this adds a
lot of tension either trying to control the effect or ignore it.<<<<

This was my finding as well which is why I'm disturbed by the new 45 or 60
degree feather fad. 45 to 60 works better than any other feather in light
winds but they are hell in a real blow. Unfortunately most using them have
never had the experience to find this out before purchasing the paddle.

Harold wrote:
>>>>However, on a recent trip to Belize I trusted that the friend who was
providing me with equipment would have a suitable paddle and thus wound up
using 250 cm Camano for my spare and an approximate 100-110 cm Skinny Dipper
(the beloved old-style Werner Little Dipper) for my main paddle.  I liked
the
short length when paddling in winds, but had a devil of a time correcting
course without extending.  The problem is that you don't get much extension
out of Euro without shifting your hand to the end of the blade, and I find
that uncomfortable and perhaps inadvisable in rough conditions.<<<<

100 cm is not even 40", I'm sure you mean 200 to 210. The blade on my Std.
Lightning is 16" long, I think the blade on an old Little Dipper was the
same as the Camano which is over 20" long. That's 8 less inches of shaft to
move your hand around on, now add another 4 to 8 inches of shaft because my
paddle is a 220 and I find I have plenty of leverage for anything I want to
do without having to grip the blade to extend the paddle. This is one of the
reasons I like short blades. Easier clearance over the kayak while still
maintaining a lower gear ratio is another.

Harold wrote:
>>>>For me, smaller (narrower -- not necessarily smaller
area) is definitely vastly superior in the air, particularly in winds.  And
I
think that there must be a point where increases in size and/or length no
longer result in reduced slippage in the range of power generated by most of
us.  However, it just hasn't been my experience that this has caught up to
me
within the paddle size range I use.<<<<

Werner Paddles used to correctly (I believe) explain that their narrower
"Little Dipper" paddles had a longer edge and the turbulence around that
longer edge increased the drag (grip on the water) for more power. If this
is true the narrower paddle with the same blade area should be affected more
by the wind.
Later in the same brochure they said the Little Dipper slipped more in the
water so was easier on the joints. I don't think they can have it both ways,
it either grips better or it slips more, but not both at the same time. I've
tried using a 200cm river paddle but the stroke rate was just too fast
(during a fast cruising speed) to be comfortable and maintain coordination
when I was tired. Sort of like too low a gear on a bicycle.

I once tested the Skinny Dipper, Camano and San Juan paddles in 220 and 230
lengths over a short, closed course by paddling with one after the other at
what a perceived-constant rate of output.  My findings were that I took 10%
fewer strokes as I jumped from blade to blade, going from smallest to
largest, and also 10% fewer strokes going from the 220 to the 230 in each
blade type.  I did not notice the slight increase in stress on my body
during
any of the tests.<<<<<

What increase in stress would there be, you said you were maintaining a
perceived constant output.


Harold wrote:
>>>> However, when talking about differences of 10 cm or so (2-1/2 inches
per side) do you think this really matters that much for a touring kayak?  I
can see the critical nature of length in Rodeo and performance surfing, but
not so much in touring.  If you start comparing a 220 to the very long
250-ish paddles favored by some in the NW (is this still the trend?) then,
yes -- the difference is easy to feel.<<<<<

Wouldn't that be 2" per side, 10cm (/2.54) is about 4 inches not 5.



Bill Hansen wrote:
I know that some very good paddlers like to rotate their wrists, and/or
bend their elbows, during the stroke. I've been taught that one should aim
for an almost-straight elbow, with just a flick of elbow flexion as the
on-water side of the paddle comes out of the water. This "straight" elbow
paddling increases potential power and endurance, because one is using back
and abdominal muscles, which are much larger than anyone's arm muscles, and
this is true whether you're paddling "Greenland-style" or "Euro-style". If
we're citing well-know British paddling instructors, Nigel Foster of the
BCU makes this point repeatedly during his classes.

Nigel is no longer with the BCU.
 Early in my paddling life I read you should to straighten the upper arm
first but in discussing strokes with some Olympic Team members (pre wing)
when I was later racing, they told me that they have to work to try to keep
from straightening their upper arm too soon. They said it is much easier to
push out that arm than to draw the other back so they wanted to save that
boost for a time when the blade is pulling more straight back rather than
early in the stroke. However, if you're not real strong it might be better
to keep your arms straight and use torso rotation. A bent arm might never be
able to be straightened out during the torso rotation and might collapse
more (rather than straighten out) under the load of a hard stroke. In that
case you would be using the energy of your arm muscles up, just trying to
hold station, but wouldn't be gaining anything by it and would be better off
to straighten both arms to use them like a rope and a ramrod. Didn't someone
once say "Different strokes for different folks".

James Tibensky wrote:
>>>>>Regarding the push on the forward stroke -
Hold the paddle as if to make a forward stroke but put the blade into the
water about at your knee instead of your ankle.
Now push as fast and hard as you can with the top arm but do not move the
lower one at all.  Use the lower hand as a fulcrum but do not move it.
The boat creeps about ten inches forward.
Now extend the top arm with the elbow locked straight so that it can only
give a little push downward. Then twist your upper body and pull with your
lower arm as in a normal stroke. Or do a normal stroke with as little help
from the top arm as possible.
The boat will jump forward about a boat length. Or more!<<<<

This is why it is so much easier to push than to pull (and most would be
racers do it too early) you get less out of it.

Ellis wrote (among a lot of good stuff):
  >>>>>Paddle blade feather/bent wrist
    (over 70 degrees, requires bent wrist, regardless of technique)<<<<<

If you release your grip with both hands for a split second as you are
raising your "control hand" for the next stroke you will find that the
rotating moment you put on the paddle (from pivoting about the elbows) will
continue and spin the paddle into the position you want without ever bending
the wrists. I often demonstrate this by letting the paddle spin through
about 390 degrees before catching it in the paddling position for the next
stroke. If I can do that it isn't hard to spin the paddle the 30 degrees I
need to go from the 45 degrees naturally put on it during the stroke and the
somewhat near 75 degrees I need to get it to. Alternately, I can hold the
paddle very loosely as I start the stroke with the blade at the wrong angle
and the lower corner of the blade hitting the water first rotates the paddle
into position for me. This is one reason I like a very well balanced paddle
(that does not have a heavy side that wants to spin the paddle in your hands
due to gravity). I use a very loose grip unless the wind is really
screaming. With a well balanced and forgiving paddle I don't have to grip it
at all to paddle. To demonstrate this I can make a circle with my thumb and
forefinger touching tightly at the tips and paddle just fine with the paddle
rattling around in both the "A-okay" signs. You don't need to grip hard to
push and pull hard.

Mike wrote:
>>>>>It's too bad that John Winters isn't around these days, cause I'm sure
he'd have
some interesting comments on this.  I've spoken to him a couple of times
about
paddle design (last time exactly a year ago this coming weekend) and he's
pointed out that this notion that the blades "hardly slip" is a
misconception.<<<<

Yes we've been around this block before and I tried without success to find
John's comments on the subject in the old digests (what should I search for
that will not give me scores of other hits?)


Mike wrote further:
>>>>It's interesting that avid paddlers feel that the paddle blades don't
slip.  I've watched
many canoe and kayak paddle strokes trying to understand exactly what's
going on.
They slip a lot!  Paddle with part of the blade above water and watch how
far the
vortex travels from the blade while it's in the water (don't confuse it with
the persistence
of the vortex after the stroke is over).  That's paddle motion.  The problem
is that
you have a hard time separating the relative motions of the paddle compared
to
the kayak, you compared to the water and the paddle compared to the water.

All other things being equal, I'd not discount the significance of blade
size<<<<<

Yes, even a big blade moves some through the water (it sort of scoops out a
divot with the blade tip moving the most) but the harder the stroke the less
difference that blade area difference will make. My point is not that they
don't move but that there isn't much difference during a hard stroke as to
how much they move so the stroke rate is hardly affected (except the big
heavy blade will take longer to get into position for the next stroke). Also
the point where the paddle enters and exits the water will be just about the
same throughout the stroke. Paddle next to lily pads sometime and notice
that the point on the water's surface the shaft penetrates stays in the same
place relative to the lily pad. Now they tell me a properly used wing paddle
comes out of the water ahead of where it went in to it. That's even better
than a good grip on the water for a racer.


Matt Broze
http://www.marinerkayaks.com



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Received on Fri May 11 2001 - 09:13:11 PDT

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