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From: Michael Vandamm <mvandamm_at_hotmail.com>
subject: [Paddlewise] Paddle flutter
Date: Fri, 30 Nov 2001 10:26:02 -0500
John Gibbs wrote:  "After a couple of weeks' paddling ... I received
shipment of an Eddyline Midswift paddle. It's nice and light, and I like
the blade size, but I notice a fairly pronouced flutter..." I don't
pretend to be an expert on this, but here's what I heard about paddle
flutter from a U.S. national whitewater slalom kayak team member:
(Assuming the paddle is not defective in design or manufacture,) the
primary cause of paddle flutter is cavitation, i.e. the formation and
separation of bubbles at the back of the blade as it is drawn through the
water. Lightweight, thin blades tend to be more prone to flutter than
thicker, heavier blades. Cavitation reduces the efficiency of the paddle
stroke, so racers try to reduce cavitation as much as possible. The
technique that they practice involves, at the beginning of the
stroke, emphasizing sliding the blade into the water along its
axis ("spearing the fish"). My own, limited experience bears this out.
When the entire stroke is one long drawing motion, there is pronounced
flutter in any of the lightweight paddles that I have used over the
years; when I emphasize a sliding/stabbing blade entry, transitioning to
a pulling effort as the blade becomes fully immersed , flutter becomes
negligible. If I again experience flutter, typically when exerting
maximum effort, it's a signal that my stroke has deteriorated and I need
to make a technical adjustment. Mike VandammGreenbelt, Maryland USA(If
anyone can tell me how to prevent Hotmail from eliminating paragraph
breaks in my posts to this list, please send advice to
mvandamm_at_hotmail.com.)  

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From: Nick Schade <schade_at_guillemot-kayaks.com>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] Paddle flutter
Date: Fri, 30 Nov 2001 12:12:51 -0500
At 10:26 AM -0500 11/30/01, Michael Vandamm wrote:
><snip> the
>primary cause of paddle flutter is cavitation, i.e. the formation and
>separation of bubbles at the back of the blade as it is drawn through the
>water. Lightweight, thin blades tend to be more prone to flutter than
>thicker, heavier blades. Cavitation reduces the efficiency of the paddle
>stroke, so racers try to reduce cavitation as much as possible.
<snip>

The correct term is "ventilation" not "cavitation". Ventilation is 
air brought down from the surface. Cavitation is a bubble produced by 
a blade moving with such force that a vacuum appears behind the 
blade. This happens with high speed motor boats and submarines, but 
is impossible for a kayaker to produce. Cavitation is what produces 
the pitting on outboard motor propeller blades. The collapse of the 
cavitation bubble releases a lot of energy which eventually eats into 
the propeller.

The technique of spearing the paddle into the water will help reduce 
ventilation as it reduces the amount of air from being pulled down 
during the stroke. However, this is not a cure for flutter which can 
happen with or without ventilation. And ventilation may occur with 
paddles that show no sign of flutter.

Ventilation is a bad thing in that you are moving air instead of 
water. And like paddling without touching the water, moving air is 
not as efficient as moving water.

Nick
-- 
Nick Schade
Guillemot Kayaks
824 Thompson St
Glastonbury, CT 06033
(860) 659-8847
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From: Michael Daly <michaeldaly_at_rogers.com>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] Paddle flutter
Date: Fri, 30 Nov 2001 12:56:17 -0500
From: "Michael Vandamm" <mvandamm_at_hotmail.com>

> I don't
> pretend to be an expert on this, but here's what I heard about paddle
> flutter from a U.S. national whitewater slalom kayak team member:
> (Assuming the paddle is not defective in design or manufacture,) the
> primary cause of paddle flutter is cavitation, i.e. the formation and
> separation of bubbles at the back of the blade as it is drawn through the
> water. 

This isn't correct.  Cavitation is not easy to create with a paddle, as it 
requires a significant pressure drop across the blade.  He's confusing it 
with ventilation, where air is dragged into the water when the blade is 
inserted.  But he's still not completely correct.  The flutter is caused by 
Karman vortex shedding.  These vortices can form regardless of whether 
or not they are ventilated, so that bit is irrelevant.

Karman vortex shedding is a form of instability where a vortex is spilled 
alternatively off of one and then the other side of the blade.  My own 
experience is that these _seem_ to be independent of the formation 
of large vortices on both sides of the paddle.  There is no visual indication
that the large, roughly symmetric vortices change in sync with the period
of the Karman vortices.  However, I think that this may simply be due
to the fact that I can't visually detect the changes.  It seems true that
the Karman vortices are superimposed on the ventilated vortices and 
they occur independantly.  Getting rid of the ventilation doesn't guarantee
that either vortex is eliminated, just that they become harder to see.
Tilting the blade enough will eliminate the symmetry and reduce the problem, 
as some have suggested.  This, however, sounds like the wrong approach
IMHO.  Good paddles don't have objectionable flutter even if drawn straight
through the water.  There is something else happening to John's paddle.
Since others have reported that their Eddyline MidSwift paddles don't have 
this problem, either the paddle is defective, or John is doing something to 
aggrevate the problem.  Sitting here, I don't know what the answer is.

Mike

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From: Nick Schade <schade_at_guillemot-kayaks.com>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] Paddle flutter
Date: Fri, 30 Nov 2001 13:32:10 -0500
At 12:56 PM -0500 11/30/01, Michael Daly wrote:
>Snip>
>Tilting the blade enough will eliminate the symmetry and reduce the problem,
>as some have suggested.  This, however, sounds like the wrong approach
>IMHO.  Good paddles don't have objectionable flutter even if drawn straight
>through the water.

There is a good explanation of the benefit of angling the blade 
slightly at: http://courses.washington.edu/phys208/notes/lect19.html

Summarizing: There will always be two matching vortices (to conserve 
angular momentum). Angling the blade causes one vortex to spin free 
while the other causes rotation of water around the blade. Since this 
second vortex around the blade effects a greater mass of water than 
if it were spinning free (as it would in an un-angled blade) it is 
more efficient. This efficiency is due to the principle that pushing 
a large mass of water slowly is more efficient than moving a small 
mass rapidly.

I think that the reason most people don't experience flutter is they 
unconsciously angle the blade slightly, either that or they keep the 
force down below the range where it creates vortex shedding, again 
unconsciously. The people I've talked to who had problems with paddle 
flutter usually report it goes away seemingly of its own accord. 
Since it is unlikely the paddle got better, it is more likely they 
adjusted their technique without knowing it.

Nick
-- 
Nick Schade
Guillemot Kayaks
824 Thompson St
Glastonbury, CT 06033
(860) 659-8847
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From: <JSpinner2_at_aol.com>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] Paddle flutter
Date: Sun, 2 Dec 2001 18:47:11 EST
In a message dated 12/2/01 6:03:57 PM, michaeldaly_at_rogers.com writes:

<< I can't help but notice that the vendors on this list tend to recommend 
changing the paddler rather than the gear - or is that my imagination :-)

I'd hope experience would suggest changing gear rather than changing gear 
without the background to know what to change to. I like the advise I see 
here.

<<PPS - I do get my back up when misquoted.  A couple of times in this thread
folks have suggested I said that paddles shouldn't flutter.  In fact I have 
repeated
that all paddles flutter, but some are better than others.  I apologize if I 
have
offended anyone with the apparent sharpness of my responses. >>
I'd suspect everyone gets a bit head-up when pulled the wrong way. Technical 
discussions like this seem to generate the most hear just because those of 
you with "professional" experience seem to have the most invested in the 
exact words you post and the specific meaning you have for them. Me, I 
haven't any idea what lift or whatever forces you are talking about mean. I 
just know I need to reach a tad more and it stops annoying. 
    Thanks to all who attempt to enlighten folks like me.

Joan

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From: John Gibbs <johngibbs_at_charter.net>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] Paddle flutter
Date: Sun, 2 Dec 2001 21:51:04 -0500
Here are the results of a couple hours' experimentation with the Eddyline
Mid Swift paddle and its flutter, taking into account some suggestions made
here.

* Varied the power of the stroke from very light to aggressive: little
difference. Actually, with a strong stroke sometimes the flutter diminished,
but this was probably because of the strong grip I tended to exert. I
controlled for this variable by maintaining a looser grip, and the flutter
remained fairly constant.

* Angled the top of the paddle blade back a degree or two, remembering Nick
Shade's description of the angle providing lift, but fogetting he said to
tilt the top back (a forward tilt would seem to me to be pulling the boat
down rather than providing lift ??). Anyway, the forward tilt certainly
seemed inefficient and contrary to the way the blade wanted to pull, as Mike
McNally mentioned. (Mike, which way did you twist the blade to control
flutter?)

* Inserted the paddle as vertically as possible while moving at very slow
speed and allowed time for any trapped air to surface, then stroked: no
change in flutter.

I doubt it would be considered a manufacturing defect, because the effect is
entirely symmetrical, and right and left blades for this paddle have got to
be separate molds.

Joe Pylka mentioned flutter is greater when the shaft extends well into the
length of the blade. This is the case with the Swift; the shaft protrudes
from the back of the blade by a thickness of about 2.5 cm+ at the near end
of the blade down to 1 cm, ending only about an inch from the far edge of
the blade. I don't know how much this varies among paddles.

I wonder if I'm facing a traceoff between flutter and a heavier paddle. I
don't know if this is a performance drag, but it might be worth a few oz. of
extra weight over the approx. 29 oz of the Swift to eliminate this
distraction. I'm minded to return the paddle, if PacWave (www.pacwave.net)
will allow it, and try something else. Experimenting with equipment is part
of the pleasure, especially when I get such in-depth commentary from my
experienced colleagues here.




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From: Mike McNally <mmcnally3_at_prodigy.net>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] Paddle flutter
Date: Mon, 3 Dec 2001 01:18:36 -0600
On Sun 02 Dec 2001, John Gibbs wrote:

> McNally mentioned. (Mike, which way did you twist the blade to control
> flutter?)


I don't recall.  And I didn't mean to say that tilting forward was bad
(if done in moderation to reduce flutter) it just seemed an appropriate
segway to wing paddles.  Theoretically it would be better to reduce
flutter by tilting the top of the blade/shaft back so as to add lift
rather than pulling the boat into the water, but it could have been the
other rotation that worked better.  i

And when using a light grip a little
flutter is probably acceptable.  That's where the only real test of the
paddle is a comparison.  'Cause all paddles flutter (I presume from what
others here have said).  

-- 

Mike McNally		mmcnally3_at_prodigy.net

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From: Nick Schade <schade_at_guillemot-kayaks.com>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] Paddle flutter
Date: Mon, 3 Dec 2001 09:46:51 -0500
>
>* Angled the top of the paddle blade back a degree or two, remembering Nick
>Shade's description of the angle providing lift, but fogetting he said to
>tilt the top back (a forward tilt would seem to me to be pulling the boat
>down rather than providing lift ??). Anyway, the forward tilt certainly
>seemed inefficient and contrary to the way the blade wanted to pull, as Mike
>McNally mentioned. (Mike, which way did you twist the blade to control
>flutter?)

It may seem contrary to good practice to tilt the top of the blade 
forward (towards the bow), but this actually makes it work more like 
a wing paddle. With a forward tilt, the blade will tend to slice deep 
and cleanly as you place it into the water. Then as the stroke 
progresses, the top edge becomes the leading edge as the blade moves 
slightly away from the boat. The result is the lift power is parallel 
to the direction you are trying to move and it does not pull the boat 
down much. There is a decent description of wing paddle technique at 
http://www.sfdj.com/fall/freedive/technique.html and at 
http://www.bcu.org.uk/marathon/kayak_tech.htm. The wing paddle tends 
to do this technique some what naturally. You can find similarities 
in the Greenland technique described at 
http://www.jacksonville.net/~dldecker/fskaGreenland.htm

The technique feels odd at first because the grip on the water at the 
beginning of the stroke is slippery with the blade tending to dive. 
But with a little torso rotation the power phase is very natural, 
easy and powerful. The forward tilt reduces the ventilation at the 
beginning of the stroke because the paddle slices in and it reduces 
flutter because the vortex is force to stay on one edge. And the 
efficiency of the stroke is increased because you end up pulling 
against a larger mass of water.
-- 
Nick Schade
Guillemot Kayaks
824 Thompson St
Glastonbury, CT 06033
(860) 659-8847
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From: Matt Broze <mkayaks_at_oz.net>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] Paddle flutter
Date: Tue, 4 Dec 2001 04:50:16 -0800
This message apparently didn't get trough the first time or was intercepted
or delayed due to a v warning also included so I'll try sending it with the
warning edited out.

I usually explain paddle flutter as the "falling leaf effect"
rather than "alternate vortex shedding". Most have folks have seen how a
falling leaf
reacts to a force (gravity) in a fluid (air).
One thing no one mentioned was that in general the narrower the paddle blade
the higher the flutter rate. I find a high rate of flutter unacceptable
because I never know where the paddle blade is going to be if it is
fluttering too fast. Some blades certainly flutter less than others and some
paddles are harder to control (the flutter) because of things like round
(non-ovalled) grips, too narrow a shaft, and/or too much distance to the
blade from your hand. I find that using a "wing paddle" type paddle stroke
(sliding the blade out to the side as the stroke progresses) virtually
eliminates paddle flutter even on hard accelerating strokes. Yes, one can
control it by gripping the paddle tighter and working against its direction
(if it is slow enough) but why waste the effort. I'd rather hold the paddle
looser and not fight the flutter if it is relatively slow. Maybe there is
even a "lift" effect gained by flutter. Paddle Peter Chopelas might be
able to enlighten us about this.
Matt Broze
http://www.marinerkayaks.com

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From: Matt Broze <mkayaks_at_oz.net>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] Paddle flutter
Date: Tue, 4 Dec 2001 02:07:34 -0800
I usually explain paddle flutter to customers as the "falling leaf effect"
rather than "alternate vortex shedding". Most have seen how a falling leaf
reacts to a force (gravity) in a fluid (air).
One thing no one mentioned was that in general the narrower the paddle blade
the higher the flutter rate. I find a high rate of flutter unacceptable
because one never knows where the paddle blade is going to be if it is
fluttering too fast. Some blades certainly flutter less than others and some
paddles are harder to control (the flutter) because of things like round
(non-ovalled) grips, too narrow a shaft, and/or too much distance to the
blade from your hand. I find that using a "wing paddle" type paddle stroke
(sliding the blade out to the side as the stroke progresses) virtually
eliminates paddle flutter even on hard accelerating strokes. Yes, one can
control it by gripping the paddle tighter and working against its direction
(if it is slow enough) but why waste the effort. I'd rather hold the paddle
looser and not fight the flutter if it is relatively slow. Maybe there is
even a "lift" effect gained by flutter. Paddlewiser Peter Chopelas might be
able to enlighten us about this. However, he may be busy right now fighting
a new and dangerous virus his computer sent to mine (one with a hidden
attachment that automatically takes one to the open attachment screen--which
then might easily be accidentally opened if the e-mail comes in while one is
typing away at another e-mail and activates the default choice--as has
happened to me several times recently causing me to have to retype whole
passages). I tried to warn him about the virus but the e-mail I replied with
bounced back to me. Perhaps he will see this.

Matt Broze
http://www.marinerkayaks.com


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