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From: Michael Daly <michaeldaly_at_rogers.com>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] planing
Date: Fri, 18 Jan 2002 16:12:48 -0500
From: "Michael Edelman" <mje_at_spamcop.net>

> How about, "when a boat displaces significantly less water than 
> its actual weight". Of course, then we need to figure out what 
> "significantly" means....

This is exactly what is measured when we see the CG rise.  In very
general terms, semi-planing is when the boat is displacing less 
than the maximum and planing is when it reaches maximum.  Trim 
changes as well and the nature of resistance changes from wave
and skin friction dominated to spray and skin friction dominated.
None of this defines planing, but describes its behavior.

But remember, the real issue is not what planing is, but what the
difference between planing and surfing is.  I think most folks 
can accept the definition of planing.  They've been talking around
it for a while.

Mike

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From: Peter Rathmann <prathman_at_attbi.com>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] planing
Date: Fri, 18 Jan 2002 14:34:42 -0800
Michael Daly wrote:
> In very
> general terms, semi-planing is when the boat is displacing less
> than the maximum and planing is when it reaches maximum.  Trim
> changes as well and the nature of resistance changes from wave
> and skin friction dominated to spray and skin friction dominated.
> None of this defines planing, but describes its behavior.
> 
> But remember, the real issue is not what planing is, but what the
> difference between planing and surfing is.  I think most folks
> can accept the definition of planing.  They've been talking around
> it for a while.

Agreed, and I think all the definitions given for planing have been
essentially equivalent with the exception of specifying exactly where
the transition zone begins and ends.
I would define surfing as occuring when the boat is propelled forward
relative to the water as a result of its position on the forward portion
of a wave. I.e. the boat moves forward because gravity pulls it down the
sloping face of the wave (which can be either advancing or standing). As
with planing, there's room to quibble about how fast and/or far the boat
must be propelled before it's 'really' surfing.

Given these definitions, a kayak could be
1) neither surfing nor planing (the most common situation)
2) surfing but not planing (typ. because the speed is not sufficient to
plane)
3) planing but not surfing (usu. needs a sail or a towline)
4) both planing and surfing.

My disagreement with John's statement was not that he distinguished
between planing and surfing but because I felt he implied that condition
4) could not exist.
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From: Michael Daly <michaeldaly_at_rogers.com>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] planing
Date: Fri, 18 Jan 2002 18:42:00 -0500
From: "Peter Rathmann" <prathman_at_attbi.com>

> I would define surfing as occuring when the boat is propelled forward
> relative to the water as a result of its position on the forward portion
> of a wave. I.e. the boat moves forward because gravity pulls it down the
> sloping face of the wave (which can be either advancing or standing). As
> with planing, there's room to quibble about how fast and/or far the boat
> must be propelled before it's 'really' surfing.

Actually, that probably isn't surfing, though most people refer
to it as such (Hey - might as well stir up the nest a little!)

I guess we have to differentiate between riding on a breaking wave
versus riding on a non-breaking wave. Correct me if I'm wrong on
this: (As if I have to ask:-)

You move on a non-breaking wave because gravity pulls you downhill, 
as you described above.  In general, however, you can't sustain
this motion without adding some paddle power.

You move on a breaking wave because of both gravity and the fact
that the water is moving down the face of the wave.  That water
flow is not at a constant rate and is faster up the wave than 
down near the trough.  As a result, the stern can be pushed while
the bow is being retarded by slower (or even reverse motion) water
near (in) the trough.

I'm not at all certain, but I would guess that you can only reasonably
surf (plane?) on a breaking wave.  I doubt if a non-breaking wave
can generate enough speed.

This gets back to Bob's objection to John's statement about surfing/
planing on a wave.  I can see that surfing can imply that you are
on a breaking wave and the forward portion of the hull is planing,
but the aft portion isn't.  This doesn't neatly fit into the definition
of planing (without specifying which definition :-).  It also 
differentiates on whether the water propulses or drags on the vessel.

Since surf around these parts is either laughable or terrifying (no 
in between on Lake Ontario or Georgian Bay), I'll leave it to the
Left Coast surf dudes to flesh this out a bit.  Kevin?, Shawn?

Mike



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From: Kevin Whilden <kevin_at_yourplanetearth.org>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] planing
Date: Fri, 18 Jan 2002 16:30:01 -0800
----- Original Message -----
From: "Michael Daly" <michaeldaly_at_rogers.com>
> Actually, that probably isn't surfing, though most people refer
> to it as such (Hey - might as well stir up the nest a little!)
>

You bet that will stir it up!! If surfing on a wave isn't really surfing on
a wave, then I have no idea what surfing really is... ;)

> I guess we have to differentiate between riding on a breaking wave
> versus riding on a non-breaking wave. Correct me if I'm wrong on
> this: (As if I have to ask:-)
>

Okay, you asked.  There is no difference between surfing on a breaking wave
or on a green wave.  The style of surfing may change (front surfing vs. side
surfing), but technically they are both surfing if the wave is providing
forward motion. On small waves, or on very shallow sloped waves, that
forward motion might only occur for a few seconds before the surf ends. But
even that is still technically surfing.

> You move on a non-breaking wave because gravity pulls you downhill,
> as you described above.  In general, however, you can't sustain
> this motion without adding some paddle power.
>

Again, you are dead wrong.  It is entirely possible to surf for hours on an
unbroken standing wave, and surf contests generally only score points while
the surfer is on the green part of the wave. I am starting to think that you
really ought to spend some time surfing in reality.  Even watching a kayak
surfing video would be helpful if waves are hard to find.  You are not
operating on a proper mental paradigm (for surfing), which could be easily
amended.

Cheers,
Kevin


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From: Michael Daly <michaeldaly_at_rogers.com>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] planing
Date: Fri, 18 Jan 2002 19:34:41 -0500
From: "Kevin Whilden" <kevin_at_yourplanetearth.org>

> > You move on a non-breaking wave because gravity pulls you downhill,
> > as you described above.  In general, however, you can't sustain
> > this motion without adding some paddle power.
> 
> Again, you are dead wrong.  It is entirely possible to surf for hours on an
> unbroken standing wave, and surf contests generally only score points while
> the surfer is on the green part of the wave. 

Are you talking about river standing waves or non-breaking ocean waves? 
I was thinking only of ocean waves (I guess I should have mentioned that.)
River waves get lots of velocity from the drops that aren't available
in an ocean wave (open ocean, let's not get into tidal stuff).

Mike


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From: Nick Schade <schade_at_guillemot-kayaks.com>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] planing
Date: Fri, 18 Jan 2002 20:47:48 -0500
At 7:34 PM -0500 1/18/02, Michael Daly wrote:
>From: "Kevin Whilden" <kevin_at_yourplanetearth.org>
>
>>  > You move on a non-breaking wave because gravity pulls you downhill,
>>  > as you described above.  In general, however, you can't sustain
>>  > this motion without adding some paddle power.
>>
>>  Again, you are dead wrong.  It is entirely possible to surf for hours on an
>>  unbroken standing wave, and surf contests generally only score points while
>>  the surfer is on the green part of the wave.
>
>Are you talking about river standing waves or non-breaking ocean waves?
>I was thinking only of ocean waves (I guess I should have mentioned that.)
>River waves get lots of velocity from the drops that aren't available
>in an ocean wave (open ocean, let's not get into tidal stuff).
>

You can surf on non-breaking ocean waves without paddling.  But the 
boat needs to do what I call "planing" otherwise there is generally 
too much drag. This is generally in a place where some waves are 
breaking and the wave I am on was breaking or will break in the 
future, but it is not necessary that it be actively breaking to be 
able to surf it. The best surfing is if you can get in the sweet spot 
below any breaking. It is not necessary to get a boost from the 
moving water in the break.

You can't do it completely without paddling. Like a board surfer, you 
must paddle enough to get up to nearly the wave speed, but once you 
have caught the wave you should be able to surf in the same way a 
board surfer does. The picture Rob linked to is a good example. Also 
look at the slope of the path that surfer is following. Since he is 
surfing almost parallel to the wave he is descending a very gradual 
slope. Since he is planing the board has very little drag and very 
little slope is required to keep him going.
Nick
-- 
Nick Schade
Guillemot Kayaks
824 Thompson St
Glastonbury, CT 06033
(860) 659-8847
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From: Kevin Whilden <kevin_at_yourplanetearth.org>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] planing
Date: Fri, 18 Jan 2002 16:50:25 -0800
----- Original Message -----
From: "Michael Daly" <michaeldaly_at_rogers.com>

> Are you talking about river standing waves or non-breaking ocean waves?
> I was thinking only of ocean waves (I guess I should have mentioned that.)
> River waves get lots of velocity from the drops that aren't available
> in an ocean wave (open ocean, let's not get into tidal stuff).

I was talking about both, though it might be tough to sustain an hour long
surf on an ocean wave.  But it doesn't matter at all to the surfer.  The
only difference will be that on an ocean wave, the surfer will move over the
ground, while on the river, the surfer will stay in one place relative to
the ground.  But he or she will still be surfing!

Based on what you said in the above paragraph, I still think your paradigms
are wrong. I don't know how to make you understand, short of showing you
first hand.  Check my definition for surfing, which I just posted. Perhaps
that will make more sense.

Cheers,
Kevin Whilden

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From: John Blackburn <digipixs_at_erols.com>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] planing
Date: Fri, 18 Jan 2002 22:10:35 -0800
Peter Rathmann wrote:

> Given these definitions, a kayak could be
> 1) neither surfing nor planing (the most common situation)
> 2) surfing but not planing (typ. because the speed is not sufficient to
> plane)
> 3) planing but not surfing (usu. needs a sail or a towline)
> 4) both planing and surfing.
>
> My disagreement with John's statement was not that he distinguished
> between planing and surfing but because I felt he implied that condition
> 4) could not exist.

Hi Guys,

My initial question was the use of the word planing in a context that I can't
remember now, what it was, but its use, with my background, didn't make sense.
I was trying to understand.  And the thread devolved into a definition of
planing.  I wasn't smart enough to envision the different logical end points
you have defined above.  I'm interested to see where this ends up, as I have
zero experience in surf.

FWIW, I am very interested in surfing with my kayak.  My only experience was
one day last summer when I launched and landed twice off the beach on North
Carolina's Outer Banks.  The surf was mild and calm.  I'll have you know that
those little shore break waves that hit your knee when you are standing at the
waterline, HIT you in the face when you're sitting in your kayak!   And the 8'
of hull sitting out front of you is a great lever arm.  It took one person
holding the bow just to let me put on the spray skirt and I still went out with
a lot of water in the cockpit.  Once I got beyond the shore break, the swells
were very easy to move around in.  Coming back through the shore break, I
landed nicely once and broached and tumbled right at the last once.

At one point I had my one and only ride on a BIG wave, please put this in
context!  It was bigger than me!  However some kids wouldn't even boogie board
on it because it was too small.   Anyway, when I started down the face, the
kayak started to broach to the left (port :-)) and I just stuck my paddle on a
low brace on the left and skidded across the face of the wave for what must
have been 2 nano seconds, but seemed like 15 minutes.  I was too worried about
staying upright to notice if I was surfing or planing  :-).  BUT it was a
Blast!

I know that the shape of hull and chines will play a very major part in your
ability to control your movement down the face of a wave.  I am looking forward
to your continued discussion because "I know nothing"  Sgt. Shultz - Hogans
Heroes

I have always loved the lines of a greenland hull, shallow v and hard chines.
I've always wondered, if you increased the radius of the bilge from 0 degrees,
at what radius does a hard chine stop giving you the carving benefits of a
sharp angle, (or stop acting like a hard chine?) I don't know enough to ask the
right question!  When does a Greenland hull stop being a Greenland hull?  I can
remember when I was shopping for my first boat and naïvely asked the question;

What does "modified" greenland hull mean?

and couldn't get an answer that made sense.


John Blackburn


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From: Michael Daly <michaeldaly_at_rogers.com>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] planing
Date: Sat, 19 Jan 2002 14:35:18 -0500
From: "Kevin Whilden" <kevin_at_yourplanetearth.org>

> ----- Original Message -----
> From: "Michael Daly" <michaeldaly_at_rogers.com>
> 
> > Are you talking about river standing waves or non-breaking ocean waves?
> > I was thinking only of ocean waves (I guess I should have mentioned that.)
> > River waves get lots of velocity from the drops that aren't available
> > in an ocean wave (open ocean, let's not get into tidal stuff).
> 
> I was talking about both, though it might be tough to sustain an hour long
> surf on an ocean wave.  But it doesn't matter at all to the surfer.  The
> only difference will be that on an ocean wave, the surfer will move over the
> ground, while on the river, the surfer will stay in one place relative to
> the ground.  But he or she will still be surfing!

On re-reading, and seeing Nick's comments, I think you are misinterpreting
what I wrote a tad.  When I said "In general, however, you can't sustain
this motion without adding some paddle power", I was specifically including
all waves.  You're pointing out the case of a relatively large, steep wave.

Most smaller waves can't generate enough force to keep you going, as you 
state in your definition of surfing.  In that case, which I have experienced
many, many times, extending your ride means paddling to get back into the
sweet spot on the wave.  

The kind of waves I get locally (read: _good_ waves!) can give me a ride of 
up to perhaps a hundred meters (WAG, not measured) or a football field, with 
occasional paddle strokes to stay in place.  After that, I loose it and can't 
paddle hard enough to keep up, so I wait for the next one.  Breaking waves are 
practically non-existant, as the beaches are too short and steep to get good 
surf, just dumping surf and the ride ends in rock rather than sand!  

The few ocean waves, non-breaking, that I've surfed (Nova Scotia Eastern 
Shore) were bigger than anything I've had locally, but so long in wavelength 
that the slope is not conducive to a long ride - not enough power.

A sustained ride needs enough slope to generate velocity, as you state in your
definition.  If you want to plane, the wave speed must comfortably exceed the
kayak's hull speed in order to stay with you.  Otherwise you either won't plane
or you'll plane off the wave into the trough ahead and loose speed.  Around 
here, wave speeds tend to be slow; I can often paddle faster than the small 
waves, hence planing isn't a consideration.

One key point I was trying to make in the original post was the difference in 
breaking and non-breaking waves in that one features gravity induced speed and
the other features a rapid downhill flow of water on the face as well.
I wonder if this could be the difference between planing and surfing (though
surfers and others ignore the difference).

Mike


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From: Peter Rathmann <prathman_at_attbi.com>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] planing
Date: Sat, 19 Jan 2002 12:41:28 -0800
Michael Daly wrote:
> If you want to plane, the wave speed must comfortably exceed the
> kayak's hull speed in order to stay with you.  Otherwise you either won't plane
> or you'll plane off the wave into the trough ahead and loose speed.  Around
> here, wave speeds tend to be slow; I can often paddle faster than the small
> waves, hence planing isn't a consideration.

No, wave speed doesn't have to exceed the hull speed in order to plane. 
Your speed relative to the water must exceed the hull speed, but that
can be much faster than the wave speed.  You get up to speed by going
down the front of the wave, but then you can turn to be at an angle to
the wave so you are moving both with the wave and laterally along the
wave.  Look at the picture that was posted by Rob - the surfer there is
moving much faster than the wave because he's moving mainly parallel to
the wave front. 
> 
> One key point I was trying to make in the original post was the difference in
> breaking and non-breaking waves in that one features gravity induced speed and
> the other features a rapid downhill flow of water on the face as well.
> I wonder if this could be the difference between planing and surfing (though
> surfers and others ignore the difference).

Look again at Rob's picture.  There is no downhill flow of water in the
part of the wave where the surfer is located.  His propulsion comes only
from gravity pulling him diagonally down along the face of the wave - in
fact the water in his location would be moving backwards into the wave.
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From: Michael Daly <michaeldaly_at_rogers.com>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] planing
Date: Sat, 19 Jan 2002 16:40:10 -0500
From: "Peter Rathmann" <prathman_at_attbi.com>

> Michael Daly wrote:
> > If you want to plane, the wave speed must comfortably exceed the
> > kayak's hull speed in order to stay with you.  Otherwise you either won't plane
> > or you'll plane off the wave into the trough ahead and loose speed.  Around
> > here, wave speeds tend to be slow; I can often paddle faster than the small
> > waves, hence planing isn't a consideration.
> 
> No, wave speed doesn't have to exceed the hull speed in order to plane. 
> Your speed relative to the water must exceed the hull speed, but that
> can be much faster than the wave speed.  You get up to speed by going
> down the front of the wave, but then you can turn to be at an angle to
> the wave so you are moving both with the wave and laterally along the
> wave.  Look at the picture that was posted by Rob - the surfer there is
> moving much faster than the wave because he's moving mainly parallel to
> the wave front. 

That's a _breaking_ wave.  Kevin and I have been discussing non-breaking
waves in this context.

For a non-breaking wave, I can see that this could happen if the wave is
big enough.  The wave would still have to be moving fast enough for
you to have time to accelerate to planing speed before turning.

I tried that with a 25 foot sailboat off Cape May years ago, but couldn't 
keep the momentum.

Mike

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