[Paddlewise] Excessive Weather Cocking (or is it Fairy gliding with the wind)

From: Matt Broze <mkayaks_at_oz.net>
Date: Wed, 4 Dec 2002 00:49:15 -0800
"D. Scanlan" dscanlan_at_shaw.ca <mailto:dscanlan_at_shaw.ca>  wrote:
<SNIP>>>>>>>>One of my paddling buds said he thought my boat could have been
looking a bit nose heavy.  I might have had a little more gear than usual up
front ( 10 lbs) but it didn't feel any different in the water.<<<<<<<<<<

Yes it did feel different. You described that difference as the
weathercocking problem your post was about. It is very easy to load a kayak
too bow heavy. Aim for twice as much gear weight behind you as in front of
you in order to maintain a level trim. The space available often makes this
hard to do so always load heavy dense items in the back and less dense items
in the front. Imagine you are sitting on a teeter-totter with your center of
gravity (about at your bellybutton when sitting in a kayak) over the fulcrum
with your feet to one end and back to the other. Because your feet stick out
so far on the teeter-totter to one side of the fulcrum any weight you add in
front of you will be placed further out on the teeter-totter (just like the
bigger guy has to move in further to balance the lighter guy). The same
weight in front of your feet in a kayak will do more to sink that end than
weight just behind your back closer to the ^Ófulcrum^Ô. Even if you manage to
keep your trim level a gear load is likely to increase weatherhelm because
the added sinkage also likely changes the wind/water couple in a way that
increases the weatherhelm.

Steve wrote:
<SNIP>>>>>>>>>>>>>My experience with the Narpa is 20 knots from abeam with
even a perfectly
balanced load and you'd be using your rudder for exactly what it was
designed for. Helping maintain balance.  It is NOT a sin!

Most boats weathercock _at_ 20k.  If they don't then they are very stiff
trackers and *probably* hard to turn, unless edged.<<<<<<<<<<SNIP>

It may not be a sin but it is not a free ride either. Dragging that rudder
along at an angle to correct for either a weather or lee helm is costing you
energy but to my mind tolerating the rudders added drag is better than
having to paddle excessively on one side to maintain the correction that
way.
While it is true that a kayak can be made to not weathercock by making it a
very stiff tracker this is only one of many ways to counteract
weathercocking (and to my mind probably the least desirable). Contrary to
your implication, a kayak can be made to weathercock less and be more
maneuverable at the same time. Also, I find a kayak that is stiffer tracking
when level and much easier to turn when leaned a very desirable. It allows
one to gain the best of both tracking and maneuverability whenever they want
it combined in the same kayak. This is especially nice if the kayak can be
leaned easily so you don^Òt have to work much or lean your body out into a
vulnerable (over the water^×hanging by a knee) position.

"Michael Daly" michaeldaly_at_rogers.com <mailto:michaeldaly_at_rogers.com>
wrote:
<SNIP>>>>>>>>>>The last time I had a significant wind on my beam I played
with the
skeg until I had just a hint of deployment.  That and paddling on
one side at a low tempo let me move in the direction I wanted with
minimum effort.  My speed in the direction of my destination was
somewhat slower than the others in my group, but I caught them once
we rounded an island and made for the final destination with a
tailwind.
Using the weathercocking in this way makes me wonder why so many
folks complain about it so much.  I honestly don't think I'd want a
kayak with no weathercocking; I find it works for me almost as
much as against.<<<<<<<<<

I^Òd say ^Óyou weren^Òt using the weathercocking, the weathercocking was using
you^Ô. Your technique slowed you down and had you paddling only on one side.
I hate having to do both those things to control a kayak. About 5/8ths into
the paddling skills manual on our website www.marinerkayaks.com
<http://www.marinerkayaks.com/>  I list a dozen ways to deal with
weathercocking to avoid having to paddle just on one side and fall behind
your paddling partners. They are pretty much in order of easiest to more
work in terms of energy expenditure and paddling evenly on both sides.

"Michael Daly" michaeldaly_at_rogers.com <mailto:michaeldaly_at_rogers.com>
wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>>Basically.  I didn't want to cancel out the weathercocking too
much, so
I just set the skeg down a bit.  That made it easier to hold a fixed
angle to the wind with a paddle stroke on one side.  With more skeg
in the water, there was too much correction and I had to paddle on
both sides with irregular strokes (either more frequently on one side
than the other or with a sweep on one side and a straight stroke
on the other).  That would have resulted in faster speed, but my
arms were tired so I preferred one side only.<<<<<<<<<<<

Wouldn^Òt it have been nicer to have paddled evenly balanced on both sides
and also easily kept up with your group? I^Òd say you performed an
interesting experiment and applaud you for being creative and giving that
technique a try. The results of your experiment don^Òt seem to show any
advantage (that I can detect) to the technique. Still it is valuable to do
the experiment.

Mike again in another post:
>>>>>>Absolutely - same effect and result whether it's wind or
current.<<<<<<<<

The direction you actually go (as PeterO suggested with his question) is all
in the vectors of the different directional forces, such as, current, wind,
and paddling direction. Unfortunately for those that would hope to use wind
and current to their advantage, any force not in the direction that you want
to go is a force which must be overcome with an equal and opposite force on
your part. Worse still, a rotating force (such as weathercocking, broaching,
or a whirlpool along an Eddyline) must also be overcome as long as it is
acting on you. The fundamental difference is that the eddyline only acts to
rotate you as you are crossing it but with weathercocking is due to a
rotating force (caused by your kayak^Òs imbalance in its wind/water couple in
that condition) is acting on you constantly in beam winds and a broaching
rotation is acting whenever traveling at an angle to waves that the moving
hull won^Òt maintain by itself. Therefore you must constantly work against
the rotation causing imbalance in addition to all the directional forces
such as wind, current and friction that must also be overcome to reach your
destination. The kayak that is able to stay the most neutral in the widest
variety of conditions will be the easiest to handle. A neutral kayak can be
nudged more in the direction you want it to go without also having to fight
a tendency to go where it (not you) wants to go.
Weatherhelm does not compensate for drift due to the wind unless it has
turned into the wind just the right amount to be on course when it reaches
that balance point in the wind /water couple where there is no longer a
rotating force being generated (note: this can happen because the end of an
object most angled into the wind experiences the strongest force (so if the
weatherhelm is not too strong a balance point could conceivably be reached
at a still useful angle). With a neutral kayak you point it not at the
object you are trying to reach but at an angle that compensates for the
forces and it will be easy to keep it on that course. Incidentally, unless
you are in a fog, over the horizon or in the gloom of night you don^Òt need a
GPS or compass to hold the most direct course to your target. Simply line up
a landmark on shore with a distant landmark beyond it and keep them lined up
as you paddle. If there aren^Òt two separated landmarks ahead of you stay
lined up between a landmark behind you and the target. Note when visibility
is poor the target should often be to one side of where you want to go. You
want to make it easy to find your target so knowing which way to turn on
reaching a shoreline is possible if you are sure you missed your target to
one particular side. Even with visibility, erroring to a particular side of
the target may be the best bet because the consequences of an error to one
side are far more mild than to the other. For instance I^Òd rather turn and
paddle down current to reach my goal than to have to turn and fight the
current to get to it. Your goal should be to make your kayak be as neutral
(to forces causing your kayak to rotate) as possible on the course you
intend to take.
Don^Òt believe in fairies or ferries (unless of course the ferry is
restrained by something like a cable crossing the river (or down wind if the
wind is the force you are using). Sure you can paddle mostly into the wind
and current and get your ^Óferry^Ô angle to provide some side force that moves
you across the river or lake. Except in the case of a current flowing almost
as fast as you can paddle, it is probably a lot easier to take a more direct
route and as a result spend a lot less time paddling mostly against the wind
or current to gain the small side force pushing you toward your goal.


Steve wrote:
 <SNIP>>>>>>>>>I helped develop the Tempest to excel in this
environment.  I'm working on another boat design that will take FULL
advantage of the wind and current vectors. How loose can a sea kayak get
and still be controlable.   It's a BLAST! <<<<<<<<SNIP>

This sounds like great ad copy to me. Where might we buy this WONDERFUL
kayak? Gee, I^Òve heard it paddles well in a teapot too.
Consider the case of a very strong wind blowing upstream hard enough to
cancel out the currents force and keep you from flowing downstream with the
current. Would that work like the cable above and allow one to ferry glide
across the current while held into it by the wind?. Wouldn^Òt the ferry angle
to the water be opposed just as strongly by the opposite ferry angle to the
wind in that case so that the kayak would just stay in one place? If so,
what^Òs the advantage gained that we can take FULL of?

After many paragraphs in which I totally agreed with Chuck Holst, he
concluded:
>>>>>>As Mike implied, weathercocking turns a kayak in the same direction
needed
to compensate for drift. Your kayak's natural weathercocking angle might
not be exactly the angle you need, but at least it is in the right
direction, so forget about *completely* neutralizing it, and learn to use
it to your advantage.<<<<<<<<<

Unfortunately, as long as your kayak wants to turn off your chosen course
you must constantly spend energy to neutralize that tendency *completely*
(at least if you want to stay on your chosen course) therefore
weathercocking is not to your advantage in that situation. This is true
whether that energy is applied through extra paddle strokes on one side or
to overcome the extra drag from an angled rudder (Note: this drag this is in
addition to the 5 to 10% extra drag caused by the rudder just being in the
water). Even if it is a small correction that is necessary the correcting
force may need to be applied constantly for mile after mile after mile and
over time that small correction has a way of adding up to a lot of extra
work.

To all the good information Chuck wrote on using a GPS and Compass to hold a
course, I^Òd like to add a little more:
Unless you are in a fog, over the horizon, or in the gloom of night you don^Ò
t need a GPS or compass to hold a direct course to your target. Simply line
up a landmark on shore with a distant landmark beyond it and keep them lined
up as you paddle. If there aren^Òt two separated landmarks ahead of you, stay
lined up between a landmark back where you started and the target. John Down
suggested sighting down your paddle but I don^Òt think you must be that
precise, just correct if you find yourself drifting much to one side of the
line between the points. Note: when visibility is poor your target should
often be to one side of where you actually want to go. Do this to make it
easier to find your ultimate goal because knowing which way to turn on
reaching a shoreline is possible if you are sure you missed your target to
one particular side. Even with good visibility, erroring to a particular
side of your goal may be the best bet because the consequences of an error
to one side might be far less severe than an error to the other. For
instance I^Òd rather turn and paddle down current to reach my goal than to
have to turn and fight the current to get to it. Next imagine a waterfall
just downstream of your goal.
In conclusion, your goal should be to make your kayak as neutral (to the
forces causing your kayak to rotate) as possible when traveling on the
course you intend to take. You don^Òt have much control (other than choosing
the time) over the gravity powered directional forces (be they working for
or against you) but the rotational forces are due to your kayaks interaction
with the other forces. However, how your kayak interacts with them can me
changed.

Matt Broze
http://www.marinerkayaks.com <http://www.marinerkayaks.com/>
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Received on Wed Dec 04 2002 - 04:27:44 PST

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