Re: [Paddlewise] Cold water adaptation - Part II

From: Dave Kruger <kdruger_at_pacifier.com>
Date: Tue, 18 Mar 2003 22:14:14 -0800
Steve Brown" <steve_at_brown-web.net> wrote:

>> No one seems to know the answer to the first question, about the
disappearance of the "ice cream headache" after a few days of exposure to
cold water (surprising).

The follow up question is this:

Does the same type of adaptation, when applied to your whole body, have the
potential to delay the onset of hypothermia? >>

Steve, I do not have any authoritative, scientific studies at my fingertips
to support such adaptation. Two pieces of "evidence" which suggest there may
be long-term adaptation:

1.  Sometime in the 19th century there was a missionary who got stranded on
the coast of Argentina (Patagonia, actually) where the natives habitually
hunted and lived in 40-50F air temps, sans clothing or furs.  One might
surmise the native population had self-selected (evolved) so they could
handle this.  The missionary survived, and was picked up about a year later,
buck naked, and showing no ill effects.

2  There was a careful study done on cold water adaptation several years ago
of extremities (fingers and hands, only), in the context of fish filleters
who worked the slime line:  experienced (read: habituated) filleters could
stay on an 8-hour shift of work in 35F water with no loss of function.  New
employees could only tolerate 20 minutes, and then had to break for half an
hour.  Gradually, over a period of a month or so, new filleters could
increase their tolerance for cold water exposure (hands only) and reach the
same plateau as the old hands (pun intended).  The tolerance could be
maintained indefinitely if workers kept working in cold water.  If they quit
that, they lost the tolerance about twice as fast as they gained it:  in
other words, in about two weeks.

The weakness in the second piece of "evidence" is that it only involves a
small part of the body -- the investigators surmised adaptation mainly
circumvented the usual shutdown of blood flow cold hands experience.  This
would mean those adapted would experience a __greater__ loss of body heat --
and would not increase their overall resistance to hypothermia.  However,
the study suggests there are adaptive mechanisms that change circulation
patterns.  If the body can effect a shutdown of peripheral, surfacial
circulation, it would decrease the overall heat loss, and tht would delay
hypothermia.  (Note this is good physics:  the outermost layer becomes a
better insulator.)

And, my personal experience:  when I was regularly climbing and X-C-touring
back in the 60's and '70's, I found that __for an equivalent set of
conditions__ I needed much less insulation at the end of a several-day
expedition than at the end.  These were short trips of a week or so in
subfreezing conditions.  I expect that if I had been out expeditioning for 2
months, the cold adaptation would reach a max.

In short, I think there is strong anecdotal evidence for adaptation, but I
can not cite any quantitative scientific studies to confirm that.

--
Dave Kruger
Astoria, OR

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Received on Tue Mar 18 2003 - 22:14:19 PST

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