Re: [Paddlewise] Spare the gelcoat -- pros & cons of skin-coat boats

From: Matt Broze <mkayaks_at_oz.net>
Date: Fri, 6 Jun 2003 20:26:20 -0700
Back in the early 1980's Eddyline didn't use gelcoat on their vacuum-bagged
kayak hulls. The color was put in the resin with translucent dyes. The boats
were as strong as they would have been with gelcoat but were lighter (and I
assume given the relative costs of gelcoat and dye, less expensive to
build). So why did they start using clear gelcoat (at first on the decks and
then also gelcoat on the hulls a little later)? I don't know for sure, it
wasn't my decision, you'd have to ask Tom Derrer about that. For years
before switching totally to Carbonlite exteriors, Eddyline used gelcoat on
both the hulls and decks and their kayaks lasted a lot longer and had better
resale value because of it.  I suspect Tom's decision had something to do
with how those no gelcoat boats were aging. The problem was that after a few
years of sun exposure the surface resin eroded ever so slightly. The
pressure from the vacuum-bagging process had plastered a lot more of the
glass fibers up against the mold surface during construction so it didn't
take much erosion to expose significant amounts of glass fiber on the boats
outside surface.

Have you ever seen one of these no gelcoat kayaks? You'll recognize them by
the silvery, sparkly sheen on their surface. Touch the surface with a tender
area of your skin and you'd get the fiberglass itch from all those little
needle sharp slivers. The more weathering the boats got the quicker this
would happen. This would happen to hand laid boats with no gelcoat as well,
but it took a little more weathering for them because the glass fibers only
touched the mold surface at the points where the cloth's weave touched it.
When it happened though, the hand-laid "skin coat" kayaks would look like
they were covered with a rash of glass fiber spewing pimples/mini-volcanoes
every 1/8th inch or so across the surface. The had the same itch too. If
only stored indoors and out of the weather, the non-gelcoat kayak can last a
long time before this happens. Kirk Olsen's experience with his canoes is an
example. His first is ugly but the ones he always keeps covered or indoors
have aged very well.

Clear gelcoat can be sprayed on thinner without the need to worry about good
coverage (with pigmented gelcoat it must be thick enough so you can't see
through it in places, making it look mottled). These clear gelcoat kayaks
can be somewhat lighter than some of the pigmented gelcoats but not as light
as with no gelcoat. Don't mistake them for non-gelcoated boats though just
because you can see the glass weave through them. Given the same kayak
lay-up they are also a little more flexible because their are no reinforcing
fibers in clear gelcoat as there is in pigmented gelcoat and the laminate
(including gelcoat) is a little thinner.

I think getting a thin even coat of gelcoat on the mold without much of it
running down and pooling into the bottom of the mold (eventually becoming a
thick brittle part of the boat) takes quite a bit of skill. Most of the
kayaks I've seen from Europe are mainly constructed (especially the decks)
with chopped strand glass mat, the most brittle of fiberglass construction
materials used in kayaks (because they are very resin rich). The mat
conforms around recessed fittings much better than the stronger more
expensive materials with a hand lay-up. Most kayaks I've seen that were
imported from England get good strength and stiffness on the deck by making
the chopped strand mat laminate on the deck very thick, but that also
translates into a very heavy kayak. Those that attempt to make the mat decks
thinner and lighter end up with a very brittle kayak.

To my mind by far the biggest benefit of gelcoat is the UV protection and
long-term itch free environment it provides the user.  Speaking of the
environment, it is clear that gelcoat gives off some styrene fumes before it
cures and that makes its use in kayak building much more expensive to meet
government regulations for a spray booth and fans and filters and periodic
inspections by the EPA. My question is: does polycarbonate give off any
potentially toxic chemicals in any stage of its manufacture or use. It is my
understanding that polycarbonates can leach out some chemical that mimics a
female hormone and that some folks are now warning against its use for water
containers for that reason.

Matt Broze
www.marinerkayaks.com
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Received on Sat Jun 07 2003 - 07:37:42 PDT

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