Re: [Paddlewise] stitch & glue

From: Erik Sprenne <sprenne_at_netnitco.net>
Date: Sun, 3 Aug 2003 10:50:50 -0500
Jim et al wrote:
> I am getting to the end of my first S & G kit and
> have a few questions for the construction gods.
> You know who you are so don't be shy.
>
I'm probably not one of the construction gods you had in mind, but will
take a stab at your questions.


> What determines the weight of fiberglass cloth?
> Say 4 oz verses 6 oz.
>
The weight designation is in units of weight per square yard.  A heavier
cloth may have thicker fibers and/or more fibers per inch in the weave.


> Is there a good substitute for wood flour?
>
Depends on the application.  Wood flour produces a very strong putty
because the wood absorbs the resin and the wood fibers themselves are
mechanically strong.  Milled fiberglass will also form a hard putty due
to the entanglement of the fibers.  Microballoons do not absorb the resin
and their spherical shape will not form a three dimensional matrix (but
can be faired to a smoother surface in a non-structural application).


> Why doesn't epoxy bond to older epoxy
> (say > 3 days old) unless it has been lightly
> sanded first?
>
If the epoxy is not yet fully cured, application of the new epoxy resin
will allow it to *chemically* bond to the prior application.  If the
epoxy fully cures, there can be no such chemical bonding between the two
applications, and the surface must be roughened to provide microscopic
grooves for the new epoxy to *physically* adhere to.  Also - as the epoxy
cures, an amine 'blush' (non-reacted chemicals from the hardener) can
rise to the surface of the epoxy, which can inhibit bonding.  As the
chemistry of the epoxy differs from different manufacturers, it is best
to read the technical literature for the exact product that you are
using, and follow the manufacturers instructions rather than relying on
general epoxy 'wisdom'.


> Why does slow cure epoxy create a stronger
> bond than 5 minute epoxy?
>
I don't think the speed of the cure has anything to do with the
functional strength of the bond.  The epoxy cure is a non-reversible
chemical reaction (a thermoset) that creates new chemical bonds, and the
epoxy chemist/formulator can design the epoxy resin to work best for
different applications, e.g. boatbuilding vs. recoating bathtubs vs.
electrical component manufacture.  Not only can the epoxy resin -
generally based on bisphenol A - properties be modified, as can the amine
hardener properties, other additives - reactive or inert - can be added
to the system to optimize the epoxy's use in different applications.
Properties that can be influenced by design include but are not limited
to: speed of cure, viscosity of the resin prior to cure, wetting ability
of the resin, flexibility of the resin after cure, ability of the system
to tolerate wider ranges of resin-hardener combinations, electrical
properties, etc.  On the MAS site, there is a statement that their
fastest curing epoxy systems forms the strongest bonds.

The five-minute epoxy may be formulated with more reactive sites per unit
weight of the resin and a more reactive amine, so such a product may be
expected to be more brittle/less flexible than a slower-curing epoxy. The
challenge in using a five minute epoxy lies in the fact that it's window
of usability is so small.  There exists a greater likelihood of not fully
wetting out the cloth or having the epoxy start to gel before the user is
done applying the epoxy to the site of construction/repair.  If this
happens, the repair/construction of the item with the five-minute epoxy
will not be as 'good' as that made with a slower cure product.  In other
words - the perception of one product having a stronger bond than another
involves many factors besides how fast the resin cures.


Good online resources for epoxy information are the web sites of the
manufacturers for epoxies typically usedin boat buiding (spend some time
browsing):
http://www.westsystem.com/
http://www.masepoxies.com/
http://www.systemthree.com/
http://www.raka.com/

SAFETY INFO
safety info about the epoxy you are using is a MUST READ, as your health
can be impacted.  Even though I have been mindful of safety
considerations, years of epoxy use have resulted in my being sensitized
to the point of having to wear a respirator with organic vapor cartridges
when I work with epoxy (else I suffer a tightness in the chest that takes
more than a day to go away).
http://www.masepoxies.com/safety.htm
http://www.westsystem.com/ (link to safety info under green 'Go To' bar
on left, or do a search for the term 'MSDS' to see not only the MSDS, but
a link to General Safety Guidelines)

TECHNICAL AND SAFETY
http://www.raka.com/epoxyman.htm

FAQ/TECHNICAL INFO
http://www.masepoxies.com/mas8.htm
http://www.systemthree.com/ (download their epoxy manual)
http://www.westsystem.com/ (click on gray "Using West System Epoxy" tab
on top)

Also check out bulletin boards and newsgroups:
http://www.kayakforum.com/cgi-bin/Building/index.cgi
rec.boats.building


Erik Sprenne
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Received on Mon Aug 04 2003 - 06:42:27 PDT

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