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From: skimmer <skimmer_at_enter.net>
subject: [Paddlewise] 2dead4missingNJ
Date: Wed, 25 Mar 2009 10:23:22 4
A 71-ft commercial fishing boat sank in rough weather off Cape 
May,NJ yesterday. One survivor and 2 dead and 4 missing.

The boat sank around 5 am but a search didn't begin until 7:30 am 
and search aircraft didn't arrive on the scene until about 8:30 am.

The one survivor said all the men had time to put on neoprene 
survival suits. It is not clear from the story that the men did in fact 
do that. Water temp 40 oF and waves 10-15 ft.

Such commercial fishermen are unlikely to routinely wear drysuits. 
USCG search and rescue personnel do wear such outfits on the 
water. They came and showed off their gear at our cold water 
workshop in Norwalk, CT at the end of January this year.

There are all kinds of wetsuits out there for windsurfers, 
Kiteboarders, sea kayakers etc. Flatwater racers still refuse to 
wear any such gear as far as I know. 

So here is a question. What is the best wetsuit of any material that 
might be worn routinely by working personnel on boats at sea or by 
racers that are training hard, that would at least give them some 
edge against the shock of sudden immersion in cold water. Such 
an outfit would ideally give them enough time to do effective things 
to lengthen survival times and get emergency messages out.

What is the nature of the "Chill cheaters" material?

Chuck Sutherland

Chuck Sutherland
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From: Martin, Jack <martin.jack_at_solute.us>
subject: RE: [Paddlewise] 2dead4missingNJ
Date: Wed, 25 Mar 2009 12:22:39 -0600
Chuck Sutherland wrote:

So here is a question. What is the best wetsuit of any material that
might be worn routinely by working personnel on boats at sea or by
racers that are training hard, that would at least give them some edge
against the shock of sudden immersion in cold water. Such an outfit
would ideally give them enough time to do effective things to lengthen
survival times and get emergency messages out.
------------------________________

My understanding is that commercial deck crew routinely wear some sort
of "anti-exposure suit" -- the kind that Mustang and others make -- when
on deck at sea in winter, Chuck.  It's a one-piece, insulated,
waterproof jumpsuit designed to keep the wearer less cold and less wet
than he/she would otherwise be while working on deck, and it usually
incorporates "float coat" type flotation in the insulation should the
wearer go overboard: water intrusion is inevitable and quick, but
somewhat controlled to give a partial "wetsuit" effect.  In an emergency
situation where abandoning the vessel or having it sink from under the
crew is likely, they'd switch over to -- or probably add -- an
"immersion suit" -- typically a heavy, usually cumbersome five mil
neoprene suit with integral booties and sometimes mits, a waterproof
zipper and neoprene gaskets wherever openings remained -- neck and maybe
wrists.  These aren't advertised as dry suits, but would provide some
significant measure of protection and insulation, depending on a lot of
things including air and water temperatures.  In all likelihood, an
emergency position-indicating radio beacon (EPIRB) of some type would be
activated by the crew -- or automatically -- if the ship sank, so the
idea of some poor bugger called "Sparks" sitting in a radio room
somewhere tapping out a morse code distress signal as the ship slips
beneath the waves is older than either of us, Chuck; the COSPAS-SARSAT
system for identifying and localizing distress signals is a pretty
efficient and well-developed system.  (Although that might be belied by
the length of time it took to lauch SAR in the case of your NJ fishing
boat.)

A lot of years ago, when I was flying CSAR for the Navy, we had a green
flying drysuit with a heavy, one-piece insulated liner: the suit had a
latex neck seal and wrist seals, and there was a snap-in, watertight
(says here in the fine print) air valve that could feed warmed air
through the suit and into the lining, which had a network of ventilation
channels built into it.  When it worked, it was great.  When it didn't,
yuck.  Especially if we were flying with them over cold water with warm
air temps.  We called them "poopy suits"; they were replaced by neoprene
wetsuits incorporated into flight suits, having a thermal layer inside
the neoprene to provide some comfort while in flight or on deck.  

But a small shard of twisted metal can turn any drysuit into a wetsuit
very quickly -- but a floppy and not a very effective wetsuit, at that.
So it looks like survival experts are now trying for a max-min solution,
assuming that suit seals will be compromised, trying to exclude water
but adding as much flotation and insulation as possible.  I've swum
basic "anti-exposure" suits, and found them pretty effective in moderate
water; the gouge is that they're capable of providing "survival" -- do
not read comfort or body integrity at the extremities into that word --
for three hours in 40 degree weather.  (My test was a lot more benign.)

There are a lot of ancient Navy studies analyzing wetsuits and drysuits
and their relative benefits, but, practically speaking, it looks like
heavy, water-resistant, insulated, floatable immersion suits are the
benchmark these days for a cold-water survival application.  Better to
assume any suit will leak and build it accordingly than hope that latex
seals and dry insulation will work "in extremis".

Jack "Joq" Martin
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From: Dave Kruger <kdruger_at_pacifier.com>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] 2dead4missingNJ
Date: Thu, 26 Mar 2009 05:26:16 -0700
Martin, Jack wrote:
> Chuck Sutherland wrote:
> 
> So here is a question. What is the best wetsuit of any material that
> might be worn routinely by working personnel on boats at sea or by
> racers that are training hard, that would at least give them some edge
> against the shock of sudden immersion in cold water. Such an outfit
> would ideally give them enough time to do effective things to lengthen
> survival times and get emergency messages out.
> ------------------________________
> 
> My understanding is that commercial deck crew routinely wear some sort
> of "anti-exposure suit" -- the kind that Mustang and others make -- when
> on deck at sea in winter, Chuck.  It's a one-piece, insulated,
> waterproof jumpsuit designed to keep the wearer less cold and less wet
> than he/she would otherwise be while working on deck, and it usually
> incorporates "float coat" type flotation in the insulation should the
> wearer go overboard: water intrusion is inevitable and quick, but
> somewhat controlled to give a partial "wetsuit" effect.  In an emergency
> situation where abandoning the vessel or having it sink from under the
> crew is likely, they'd switch over to -- or probably add -- an
> "immersion suit" --

This is what Joq is talking about, I believe: 
http://www.mustangsurvival.com/immersion-suit/
http://www.mustangsurvival.com/products/product.php?id=419

Another variant:  http://store.hamiltonmarine.com/browse.cfm/4,367.html

These are not worn "routinely" on commercial fishing vessels around here, 
because the working conditions with pots, trawls, and long line gear demand 
more mobility than some of these suits allow.  In addition, ones designed 
for long-term survival in very cold water are heavy on insulation and not 
on puncture-resistance.  They are intended for use when you are certain 
your vessel is sinking, and would be unbearably warm working on deck, in 
many cases.  Note that ours is a _mild_ maritime climate, with air temps 
rarely below zero Celsius, and water temps in the 5-8 C range (40-45 F).

In the Aleutians, it is a different story, and heavy gear would be the norm.

IOW, professional mariners and commercial fishers where I live are stuck on 
the same dilemma Derek highlighted recently:  too warm when working; maybe 
not warm enough when you go into the drink.

None of these items address Chuck's question.  I think the answer is that 
fishers do not wear anything like what Chuck describes; to do so would be 
regarded as "sissy" on deck, I think.  Yes, it is an odd, old-school 
culture, which changes slowly.  It has taken 30 years to get these guys to 
carry survival suits, which are now mandatory.  My fiance' works for a 
major west coast supplier to the trade (Englund Marine), and fishermen 
b*tch long and loud at the cost of the mandatory safety gear.

-- 
Dave Kruger
Astoria, OR
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From: Martin, Jack <martin.jack_at_solute.us>
subject: RE: [Paddlewise] 2dead4missingNJ
Date: Thu, 26 Mar 2009 07:54:40 -0600
Dave Kruger wrote --

This is what Joq is talking about, I believe: 
http://www.mustangsurvival.com/immersion-suit/
http://www.mustangsurvival.com/products/product.php?id=419

Another variant:  http://store.hamiltonmarine.com/browse.cfm/4,367.html

These are not worn "routinely" on commercial fishing vessels around
here, because the working conditions with pots, trawls, and long line
gear demand more mobility than some of these suits allow.  In addition,
ones designed for long-term survival in very cold water are heavy on
insulation and not on puncture-resistance.  They are intended for use
when you are certain your vessel is sinking, and would be unbearably
warm working on deck, in many cases.  Note that ours is a _mild_
maritime climate, with air temps rarely below zero Celsius, and water
temps in the 5-8 C range (40-45 F).

____________

Just to be clear, I cited "anti-exposure suits" as gear that is
frequently worn on deck during cold weather -- shown at
http://www.mustangsurvival.com/products/product.php?id=293.  I agree
that the "immersion suits" Dave linked above would be impossible to wear
for anything other than emergency abandonment of ship -- which is how I
described them.  My experience is that "anti-exposure suits" are
functionally similar to work coveralls like Carhartts (e.g.,
http://www.carhartt.com/webapp/wcs/stores/servlet/ProductDisplay?catalog
Id=10101&storeId=10051&productId=32199&langId=-1&categoryId=10908), but
are more water-resistant and often use insulation that also serves as
dry insulation on deck but can serve as flotation and insulation for
unintended swims.  I think we're saying the same thing, essentially --
but I'd hate to try to paddle a kayak while wearing either of them!

Joq
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From: Craig Jungers <crjungers_at_gmail.com>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] 2dead4missingNJ
Date: Thu, 26 Mar 2009 09:08:52 -0700
On Thu, Mar 26, 2009 at 5:26 AM, Dave Kruger <kdruger_at_pacifier.com> wrote:

>
> None of these items address Chuck's question.  I think the answer is that
> fishers do not wear anything like what Chuck describes; to do so would be
> regarded as "sissy" on deck, I think.  Yes, it is an odd, old-school
> culture, which changes slowly.  It has taken 30 years to get these guys to
> carry survival suits, which are now mandatory.  My fiance' works for a major
> west coast supplier to the trade (Englund Marine), and fishermen b*tch long
> and loud at the cost of the mandatory safety gear.
>
> I have to say that my experience with many years of deck work on everything
from salmon trollers to offshore drill ships to Exxon oil tankers makes me
tend to agree with Dave. The macho mindset of people who work on the ocean
can be counterproductive to safety. Add to this the simple fact that almost
all vessels (including ocean-going ships) are crewed only to barely meet
their daily operations; the loss of just one deck crewmember can cripple
their day-to-day operations. Imagine what a loss of a few people would do in
an emergency.

The Exxon Valdez, as an example, was the largest tanker in US operation and
carried fewer than 25 crew. Contrast that with a built-in-1956 Exxon ship I
sailed on in the 1990s which was 1/4 the size (in tonnage) and was certified
to carry 56 crew members. In the 1990s we ran it with 20 crew members. I
called the deck that would have housed all those then-vanished people the
"lost city of the Lexington". The engineers used those quarters as spare
parts storage.

Add to this the fact that many of these crews only receive on-the-job
training and they may have only once donned the "gumby" emergency survival
suits and even then it was probably in the office or warehouse and not under
the cramped conditions of a vessel in a seaway. And fishing boat crews are
notorious for being perpetually exhausted from overwork and lack of sleep.

These people also tend to be "results oriented" and their first inclination
is to solve the problem not get into survival mode.  Worse yet, it's very
difficult to know just where that line is between a ship that can be fixed
and a ship that is doomed to sink. It's just hard to tell and easy to deny.

The work suits that Jack Martin describes are commonly worn by deck crew on
the factory ships operating out of Dutch Harbor but even these have their
drawbacks (too warm on deck if you're working hard and way too warm below
deck). Even so, a factory fishing trawler will have nearly 100 people as
crew but as few as 20 of these will have insulated worksuits or even go out
on deck. The rest work below in the factory, galley, or offices and are not
encouraged to go outside. Off duty crew may only realize the ship is sinking
when they are awakened by the awkward angle. And the lighting may have
failed by then. Making their way to where the gumby suits are stored can be
problemmatic. Getting one on can be impossible. And all the time your brain
is screaming, "GET OUT!!!"

In 1998 we had no "work suits" on Exxon tankers even though we commonly
operated in and out of Valdez, Homer, Kenai, and Anchorage, Alaska. We did
have gumby suits, however.

There is no easy answer. Laws have changed a lot over the years. In 1971 -
when I ran my own fishing troller out of La Push and Neah Bay - we didn't
even have to carry life preservers (as they were called then, and apparently
again). Most boats were operated by a single person dressed in oilskins and
rubber boots with lots of wool and coffee to keep warm. Today the cost of
the safety gear, as Dave Kruger implies, takes a significant bite out of a
(very short) season's profits. Many would just as soon take their chances.
Besides that, just storing that stuff on a 35-foot boat can be a problem.

When I worked on drill ships in the 1970s I bought my own Mustang coat with
the flap and hood; mostly for the helicopter shuttles (the coat was too
stiff for working on deck). When they started putting us in gumbies for the
shuttles I carried the coat in my duffle "just in case". I suspect most
people who work on the water make their own safety and many are not aware of
the undergarments and layered clothing that's available now. And unless it
becomes macho to do it, they won't be that interested either.

And the lost radio officers are generally considered by the remaining crews
to have had a negative impact on safety. Those guys often kept the safety
equipment working. On one trip between Valdez and Panama the SatCom failed
and the RO went up every hour to manually aim the unit to keep
communications going. In addition he could use morse code in a pinch. They
fixed the radars, the lifeboat radios, and tested the EPIRBS (and knew what
to do if they failed the tests). Nowadays the Captains take a 2-week course
designed to get them to pass the FCC General Radiotelephone license; this
means they memorize the correct answers to the questions.  Even *they* don't
believe they are qualified to keep even the GMDSS equipment in operation
(but they meet the "legal" requirements). And the engineers seldom have that
knowledge either. One less person to pay. Safety is often a paper solution.

They don't even teach deck officers to throw a lead-line any more. They have
depth sounders now. But when we were on a sand bar in the Mississippi River
the Pilot wanted to know which side of the ship was deepest (in order to
direct the tugs which way to pull). I was the only person on the ship who
knew how to do that. The rest followed me around to learn. Oops... now I'm
getting cranky.


Craig Jungers
Moses Lake, WA
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From: Bob Carter <revkayak_at_aptalaska.net>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] 2dead4missingNJ
Date: Thu, 26 Mar 2009 13:11:39 -0800
What to wear becomes an issue in compromise for me. If I am too hot while 
paddling I either have to stop and vent or get sick. Needless to say I stop 
and vent. On the other  hand especially when paddling around our local 
icebergs I am well aware that a swim could be cold and deadly if I am not 
dressed for the water temperture.
In the winter (which by the way refuses to let go of us this year, three 
feet of snow still in my front yard. We had an inch of snow last night and 
2-3 inches predicted for tonight. I do not expect to see the ground until 
late April.)  ) I dress for the swim with a full drysuit and multiple layers 
underneath. In the summer I wear hydro skin and polypro. No I would not 
survive the exposure of a long swim but when the sun does come out it can 
get too hot for a dry suit.
As always we who venture out upon the sea must weigh the risks.

Bob
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