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From: Robert Livingston <bearboat2_at_comcast.net>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] Longitude and astronomy
Date: Sun, 8 Aug 2010 17:48:27 -0700
>> The clock would then only have to remain within spec for 24 hour


Not really. The only useful clock is a VERY accurate one. You cannot  
stay linked with Greenwich by using an inaccurate clock and  
"correcting" it for local time. For one thing, when you are actually  
moving east west, local time "noon to noon" is no longer exactly 24  
hours. In fact, it is the discrepancy that you are trying to detect to  
see how far east west you have gone.


If you are not moving, then correcting your clock every 24 hours does  
you no good.

Part of the engineering problem was creating a clock that remained  
accurate under the varying conditions of temperature, humidity and  
motion that are inherent on a sailing vessel.

>>




On Jul 30, 2010, at 9:20 AM, Craig Jungers wrote:

>> The clock would then only have to remain within spec for 24 hours AND
>> MEASURE LOCAL TIME and not for months or years to maintain  
>> synchronism with
>> Greenwich. Presumably there were enough stars visible in both the  
>> southern
>> and northern hemispheres so that Cook in Australia could use the  
>> tables
>> developed at Greenwich TO TRY OUT THE LUNAR METHOD...........
>>
>> Thinking this over, the ancient Pacific navigators could have used  
>> very
> much the same system using a sand-clock calibrated for 24 hours.  
> Accuracy
> would not have been so great but then they would at least have had  
> some
> measure of local time.


What does local time have to do with figuring out longitude?  You need  
a clock accurate enough to detect that if you sail 100 miles west the  
day is longer than if you travel 100 miles east. That is not a sand  
clock.

And they did not have sand clocks anyway. They had no glass. You try  
and make a even vaguely accurate sand clock out of the materials that  
they had and sell it to your tribe as something that was useful. It is  
implausible that the natives were aware that the day was shorter when  
they sailed east than when they sailed west. This is awfully  
sophisticated stuff and would require a lot of formal experimentation  
-- the earth is round, it rotates on its axis etc.

What would even impel them to want to make an accurate sand clock?  
They were not trying to run a train system.
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From: Craig Jungers <crjungers_at_gmail.com>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] Longitude and astronomy
Date: Sun, 8 Aug 2010 19:04:43 -0700
On Sun, Aug 8, 2010 at 5:48 PM, Robert Livingston <bearboat2_at_comcast.net>wrote:

>
>
> What does local time have to do with figuring out longitude?  You need a
> clock accurate enough to detect that if you sail 100 miles west the day is
> longer than if you travel 100 miles east. That is not a sand clock.
>

Your line of longitude is exactly under the sun at its zenith measured from
Greenwich.  Your line of latitude is calculated from the elevation of the
sun at zenith. You can get an approximation of your longitude if you take a
noon sight. The trouble being that the sun "hangs" at zenith for a period of
time that makes this calculation only an approximation. And you'd need the
time.

So measuring your longitude from Greenwich does need accurate time. But you
can get a bit more sloppy if you are only measuring a couple hundred miles
from one location to another. You wouldn't need any real concept of
"longitude" either... just a concept of the earth being round and some
reference points.

Local noon plus or minus the elapsed time would give you a rough
approximation of how far east or west you traveled. It wouldn't be very
accurate... and it would have to be referenced to a departure point - but it
could give you some idea of when you might expect to see your destination
over a relatively short passage.

For instance.... if they had a way of measuring 24 hours then if the sun
were at zenith exactly 24 hours after they started their "clock" then they
would not have moved much in longitude. They almost certainly didn't
understand degrees... but they could understand concepts such as "the sun
begins to descend 1 hour after the "clock" reaches zero" would be, perhaps,
the next group of atolls west.

And they did not have sand clocks anyway. They had no glass. You try and
> make a even vaguely accurate sand clock out of the materials that they had
> and sell it to your tribe as something that was useful.


Ok... how about a sand coconut?

I'm merely offering up suggestions that seem to me to be more plausible than
reading the pattern of the waves or somehow "just knowing" where they were.
They could clearly move around in primitive craft over an area of thousands
of square miles. Running down the latitude really only works well for going
downwind. Upwind, where you need to tack, you'd also need to keep track of
time somehow. Otherwise you risk missing the island because you extended one
leg of the tack too far. Although it probably works ok for continents. :P


Craig Jungers
Moses Lake, WA
www.nwkayaking.net
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From: PeterO <rebyl_kayak_at_energysustained.com>
subject: RE: [Paddlewise] Longitude and astronomy
Date: Mon, 9 Aug 2010 23:02:44 +1000
PeterO wrote
........The clock would then only have to remain within spec for 24 hours
and measure and not for months or years to maintain synchronism with
Greenwich. Presumably there were enough stars visible in both the southern
and northern hemispheres so that Cook in Australia could use the tables
developed at Greenwich to try out the lunar method...........

Robert wrote
.......Not really. The only useful clock is a VERY accurate one. You cannot
stay linked with Greenwich by using an inaccurate clock and "correcting" it
for local time. For one thing, when you are actually moving east west, local
time "noon to noon" is no longer exactly 24 hours. In fact, it is the
discrepancy that you are trying to detect to  see how far east west you have
gone...............

G'Day

Robert I was trying to explain that there is no need at all to use a clock
to stay linked to Greenwich or any other longitudinal reference point when
navigating by the stars, moons and planets. The lunar method implies this.
The navigator would need a record or memory of their relative locations at
particular days of the year and times of the night. Days of the year and
times of the night can be measured in many ways without the need for
sophisticated manufacturing and star maps were a commonplace. Some articles
describing the techniques of Polynesian navigation.

http://www.penn.museum/sites/navigation/intro.html

http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/canoe-navigation/2

All the best, PeterO
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