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From: Tom Dittrich <TDittrich_at_HomeATM.com>
subject: [Paddlewise] Nitrogen in Racing Tires
Date: Fri, 28 Aug 1998 14:21:08 -0400
Just to keep the "nitrogen in racing tires" debate going a little
further...here are some snippets I pulled from various web sites dealing
with racing.  The primary reason seems to be that the water vapor in air
is what causes the most expansion as tire temperature rises.  For other
applications, such as air in tires with steel rims and perhaps also
inside things like shock absorbers and struts, it avoids oxidation
problems.

Tom

======

Kiekhaefer, an eccentric German and the genius behind the Mercury
Outboard
 Motor dynasty, had burst onto the NASCAR scene in 1955, using the sport
as a
 tool to market his outboard motors. A perfectionist like the sport had
never seen,
 Kiekhaefer revolutionized what until then had been strictly a
shade-tree
 mechanics' sport, instituting such sweeping innovations as team
transporters and
 extensive testing as well as seemingly innocuous improvements like
using paper
 air filters and filling tires with nitrogen to maintain air pressure. 

===

We have switched to nitrogen when
inflating the tires. Unlike air, nitrogen contains
almost no moisture, so heat does not cause the
tires to expand like those filled with air. This
allows us to maintain more control of tire sizes.

======

Use nitrogen to fill your tires, it has a much higher expansion rate. It
will not expand
under greater heat generated by track temperatures and friction created
by a tire
burn-out. This keeps the tire from growing, allowing for a better foot
print and
more consistent times. 

===============

> There is a reason nitrogen is better than air. I'm told the problem
with
> air in tires is that the water vapor in it expands drastically when
> heated, causing a big change in tire pressures as the tires heat
up.(I've
> seen it change by 4 lbs during a single lap in an autocross.) Bottled

So it's not the nitrogen, but the water vapor?  Air of course is 79% 
Nitrogen, 20% Oxygen and 1% trace gasses.  The pressure in a tire 
increases 1 psi for every 10 degrees outside temp (tire carcass or
ambient 
air temp) from what I've heard (I've never done the calcs for that one 
Mac) regardless of the minor difference represented by the 20% oxygen.
Thus 
Matt R correctly referred to the ideal gas law.

> nitrogen is dry, and expands very little when heated, therefore the
tire
> pressures are much more stable. It's also a very inert gas, so it
doesn't
> rot the tires. 

I'll go along with that.  The 20% oxygen is probably slightly more
active 
than the if it were another 20% nitrogen.

====
Q.  I always hear about problems associated with
 pressure build-up in the tires, and expensive
 gadgets to prevent this, like bleeder valves.
 Why don't they just use an inert gas like
 nitrogen?

A.  Everybody uses nitrogen in their tires. There is still
 pressure built up by heat when the race track
 meets the tire, but it is not as much as regular air. 

===

By the way, race-car and aircraft tires often are filled with nitrogen,
which is inert. An added bonus of this, of course, is that when the
tires
blow, they don't add "fuel," i.e., oxygen, to the fire, so to speak. 


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From: Dave Kruger <dkruger_at_pacifier.com>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] OFF TOPIC: Nitrogen in Racing Tires
Date: Fri, 28 Aug 1998 14:19:19 -0700
Tom Dittrich wrote:
> 
> Just to keep the "nitrogen in racing tires" debate going a little
> further...here are some snippets I pulled from various web sites dealing
> with racing.  The primary reason seems to be that the water vapor in air
> is what causes the most expansion as tire temperature rises.  For other
> applications, such as air in tires with steel rims and perhaps also
> inside things like shock absorbers and struts, it avoids oxidation
> problems.
> 
> Tom
 
Well, it's probably about time to kill this thread.  It is "off topic,"
after all.

I read all the snippets, Tom, and as far as I know there were only two
valid points:

1. O2 in tires will add a (miniscule) amount of O2 to any fire, and may
accelerate degradation of the metallic parts inside tires (rims, etc.). 
I can't believe either of these is a significant reason for avoiding DRY
air for inflation.

2. The snippets claim water VAPOR will expand more than any other common
inflation gas (i.e., N2 or O2).  That's wrong.  Probably, racers avoid
compressed air right out of the compressor because it likely contains
misted water LIQUID (unlike DRY N2 from a tank).  And, yes, those water
droplets, as they convert to water VAPOR at racing temperatures, will
lead to a greater pressure increase than if they were introduced as
vapor.  That COULD be significant, liquid water has a volume roughly
1800 times smaller than water vapor (same mas of H2O).

'Spect I'm done with this, though I enjoyed the contributions, and Tom's
explained where the N2 mythology for racers began.  I expect if I could
corner the market on argon and get a similar myth going on its
superiority to N2 (argon atoms are round, after all, and so they should
not resist tire motion as they ricochet off the insides of tires, unlike
oblong N2 molecules), I could retire on the profits!

--
Dave Kruger
Astoria, OR
sea kayaker/chemist/one-time motorhead
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From: Robert C. Cline <rcline_at_onramp.net>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] Nitrogen in Racing Tires
Date: Fri, 28 Aug 1998 16:30:05 -0500 (CDT)
Tom:  Now THAT makes sense.  It's the water which has condensed that would
make for the expansion.  The water vapor is just another "ideal" gas.

Thanks for bringing some light to this.

Robert

>The primary reason seems to be that the water vapor in air
>is what causes the most expansion as tire temperature rises



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