Re: [Paddlewise] Weatherhelm

From: Matt Broze <mkayaks_at_oz.net>
Date: Sun, 3 Oct 1999 20:17:42 -0700
-----Original Message-----
From: 735769 <735769_at_ican.net>
<SNIP>
>I was also asked about the oft quoted 10% increase in drag caused by
>rudders. I wasn't present so can't really comment on the validity of this
>Before doing so or before accepting it as gospel I would want to know the
>rudder area, the area of the boat, if the rudder vibrated  or wobbled in
its
>head, if the rudder was locked fore and aft, what kind of surface finish it
>had, what kind of section shape it had, what kind of edge treatment it had
>and if the results reasonably conform to the resistance one would calculate
>using the normally used formulas for calculating resistance.
>
>That information would help in determining the  accuracy of the tank
results
>and to what degree one can apply the results to all rudders.
<SNIP>

Okay, here is what I know about that. I was at the towing tank the day
before observing the tests and trying to talk the testers to run a rudder
down test (and also to try an old scratched up Boat which I had vs. a brand
new one with a shiny bottom which they had already tested). I was told they
were there to compare boats not to do experiments. However the next day they
did test a boat with a rudder at 3 knots. It was either the Eddyline Wind
Dancer or the Current Designs Pisces. When I asked much later, my informant
had forgotten which one it was. It probably doesn't matter much because both
had very similar rudders at the time. The rudder was a long narrow (high
aspect ratio) cut from either 1/8" aluminum or if the Eddyline probably
about 3/16" thick and of fiberglass with only the edges rounded (not
shaped). Both were smooth and flat sided. The rudder was left free to drag
behind (not fixed in place). I have not ever seen this kind of rudder
cavitate (however the fixed fins on some skegs cavitate so bad you can feel
the vibration through the kayak). The data on the kayaks is in the Spring
1987 issue of Sea Kayaker (but it may be in error--there is evidence some of
it doesn't agree with Nautilus calculations--but in the case of the Wind
Dancer Nautilus numbers exist). I don't know the rudder area but they were
probably about 10 to 20% bigger than a Feathercraft single rudder in wetted
area.
After finding 10% more drag than the 3 knot test with the rudder up the
testers thought there must have made some mistake since doing the wetted
surface calculations suggested a lot less drag. They ran the test again and
again got 10% more drag. All the other retests that were done also were
within 1% error. They still didn't believe the results and never published
them. The editor at the time was John Dowd (a very big fan of rudders--who
once likened a skeg to deodorant and a rudder to perfume). Maybe that's why
I am so allergic to perfume. Unfortunately I had taken my video camera home
with me or we could check the tapes to see if there was any noticeable
cavitation (but I doubt it because the rudder was not fixed so unlikely to
get into a resonance.
During the previous tests the lower aspect ratio rudder on the Eskimo 18-6
added 8% to the drag but these tests had been very flawed for several
reasons from a poor sensor to the lack of turbulence induction so the
results varied widely on retests.
My guess is that there is more drag than the wetted surface would indicate
because of the blunter entry and flat sides all the surface was in turbulent
flow and because of the deep draft of the rudder most of the water it was
slicing through had not been set in motion yet by the hull so the water was
flowing relatively faster over the rudder surface than over much of the rest
of the kayak where drag further forward set the water in the boundary layer
in motion. This is only a guess and may be way off base. Now here is a case
where we might be able to use data from centerboards or better yet surface
piercing foils that probably already exists. Anybody have access to this
kind of data?
Matt Broze
http://www.marinerkayaks.com


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Received on Sun Oct 03 1999 - 20:23:41 PDT

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