PaddleWise by thread

From: Mark Balogh <batwing_at_kerrlake.com>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] sail rigs
Date: Wed, 08 Dec 1999 16:19:42 +0000
735769 wrote:
> 
> After twenty - five  years of competitive sailing I was kind of happy not to
> worry about a sail but people seem to enjoy it so...

Thoughtful post John.  Sorry for the slow reply, been busy with work.  I
am a burned out sail racer but still a self confessed sailing chauvinist
that will rig and sail almost anything that will float.
> 
> I whipped up a spinnaker rig for a canoeist who did not want to portage a
> mast. When he wanted to sail he cut down a sapling and fastened the halyard
> block to the top. He then raised his sail when he needed it and threw the
> sapling in the bush at the next portage.  Like all simple things some people
> could not resist carbon fiber masts etc.  Most liked the simplicity of the
> spinnaker over other rigs and learned to live with off wind sailing.
> 
> For more extended cruising in kayaks and canoes my customer felt it would
> not hurt to be able to sail closer to the wind since he traveled on lakes
> and through lots of islands where the wind changes direction often an
> rapidly making putting up and taking down the sail a bit of a pain. Being
> cheap we decided not to buy a new sail and rig. We installed a"clew" in the
> middle of the spinnaker with a tack line to the mast. Downwind he freed the
> tack line to use the sail as a spinnaker. Reaching he pulled in the tack
> line and folded the sail in on itself like a crude Ljungstrom rig.

Easy Rider offers a small spinnaker that can be folded for reaching.  It
mounts on a fishing pole mast and is quite compact to stow and light
weight.  Some of those that have mentioned wanting to sail without a
serious gear commitment might enjoy it.
> 
> He claimed he could sail a bit into the wind even without lee boards and
> this allowed him to sail between islands. He used it without a rudder but if
> if one wnated to do a lot more sailing a rudder (and possibly leeboards)
> would make sense with this kind of rig.
> 
> The Ljungstrom rig allows reduction of sail area by half when reaching or
> sailing into the wind. One can also rig a roller furling system that allows
> you to get the sail completely out of the way  quickly. You still have a
> mast to fool with and I don't think the Ljungstrom rig has as much
> efficiency as some rigs but if sailing isn't the primary objective it seems
> to do the job cheaply and simply enough.
> 
> I wish I could tell the curious where to find out more about the Ljungstrom
> rig but I can't. I think I read about it in British  yachting magazine some
> years back. If I recall correctly some one had developed a more complex
> system with twin booms or something. Maybe Mark will have some thoughts on
> the pros and cons of the rig.

I have given the Ljungstrom some thought and have built a kayak
adaptation that is similar.  Back in the 80's I mostly sailed a single
without any outriggers and the hairiest times were in heavy winds, dead
downwind.  I wanted a rig for myself for those conditions and was
inspired by two different rigs normally used on larger sailboats.  One
was the Ljungstrom for reasons mentioned above and the other was a sail
configuration common on offshore cruising sailboats.  The second set up
is called running twins and consisted of twin headsails set wing and
wing and with their clews helt out with whisker poles.  The
characteristic that the two rigs had in common were the dihedral shape
of the sail presented to the wind.  The dihedral is very stable and this
is a desirable feature on a narrow unballasted boat.  By borrowing the
strong features of each rig and disgarding the negative features, I felt
I could come up with a sail appropriate for kayaks in strong winds or
light.  The good features of the Ljungstrom rig aside from the dihedral
shape was that it can be set to good effect on an unstayed mast for
simplicity and that the sail had a relatively low center of effort. The
height of the center of effort also stays stable when depowered in
contrast to the spinnaker which gets higher off the water when the sail
is released.  The downside is that the Ljungstrom does not have any
booms for the two sails.  The boomless configuration provides for less
stability and more difficult control.  In addition, without a wide
sheeting base such as on a sailing multihull, the sheeting angle makes
it very difficult for the user to maintain anywhere near the full
projected area of the sail while running downwind without using both
hands or the paddle, both techniques that I personally try to avoid. 
The other negative of the Ljungstrom is reefing or furling by rolling
around the mast. While I like sails that furl around the mast in certain
applications, I feel that it can be a problem in a kayak.  When the wind
increases you would naturally roll in some of the sail to reduce the
projected area.  When the wind becomes too strong to sail the sail is
rolled around the fully extended mast.  It is then difficult to safely
remove the mast and stow it on a kayak from the seated position,
expecially in the rough windy conditions that may require it.  This is
less a problem in a canoe.  By borrowing the twin booms from the running
twins, it goes a long way toward taming the Ljungstrom.  By combining
the two sheet with a bridle into one sheet, control is improved and only
requires one hand.  When one wants to depower the sail it is simple to
let the sheet out.  As the sheet is eased, the projected area of the
sail is reduced with good control and precision.  Once the booms are
rotated fully forward the sail is in a tame "off" position and requires
no hand control while it flogs gently between the booms.  If you want to
then remove the rig, it can be dropped with a halyard in seconds and
lashed to the deck or stowed below.  A multisection mast can them be
removed safely and stowed.  The brief conclusion is that by combining
features of two proven ocean sailing rigs, one can have a powerful,
controlable downwind rig suitable for a kayak.  By folding the same sail
around the mast, some reaching ability is possible but the half size
sail is small for any but stronger winds.
> 
> I know of a fellow locally who has used a kite and he reports similar
> experiences to Matt's. It looked like fun to me when I saw it done but more
> trouble than it was worth. Maybe he just didn't have the hang of it.

I feel the same as Matt about my experiences with parafoils.  The
conditions in which they have been effective for me are too limited even
for their small size.  There are some people that really like them but I
do not know what is different about their kites compared to the less
successfull ones.  There is a small but growing group of sailors using
traction kites on kayaks.  They are not really versatile enough for
kayak touring, but may offer astounding performance in some conditions. 
With a lateral resistance fin such as a leeboard, these kites also have
some windward sailing ability.  Reliable sources claim speeds of 15
knots sailing a double kayak.  This is thrilling performance sitting
that close to the water.  Stay tuned.

Mark
> 
> Cheers,
> 
> John Winters
> Redwing Designs
> Web site address, http://home.ican.net/~735769


***************************************************************************
PaddleWise Paddling Mailing List - All postings copyright the author and not
to be reproduced outside PaddleWise without author's permission
Submissions:     paddlewise_at_lists.intelenet.net
Subscriptions:   paddlewise-request_at_lists.intelenet.net
Website:         http://www.paddlewise.net/
***************************************************************************

This archive was generated by hypermail 2.4.0 : Thu Aug 21 2025 - 16:33:06 PDT