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From: <LedJube_at_aol.com>
subject: [Paddlewise] Durability Testing (Seakayaker Mag are you listening?)
Date: Thu, 6 Jan 2000 10:25:09 EST
    Is it possible that we have the whole British boat strength versus weight 
conundrum wrong?  Certainly the British boats are laid-up by hand and not 
vacuum bagged.  Certainly vacuum bagging results in the higher strength to 
weight ratio.  But how is this strength defined?  Tensile only, if my 
not-in-the-business mind is not mistaken.  The glass fibers in Fiberglas are 
strong, very strong but in tension only.  What provides the other components 
of this thing we call strength? The compression resistance, deflection 
resistance, torsional strength, abrasion resistance, shear strength, to what 
degree are these other properties required and in what parts of the boat?  

    The durability issue is so much more than strength versus weight.  I have 
owned more than a few North American built boats that were beautiful, very 
light, very capable of handling heavy water but were built as if they'd never 
see action beyond flat water, sandy beaches and protected launches/landings.  
All of my experience now leads me to the British boats.  They are not, to my 
eye, the most appealing. Nor are they, to anyone's arms, the lightest.  They 
seem to be, to many of the most experienced of us, the most durable and 
tolerant of rough handling, the proverbial "battleship".

    It seems to me that a Seakayaker magazine review has more than enough 
marketing clout to warrant a boat at no cost for long term testing followed 
by (possibly destructive) strength tests.  Such a boat should be plucked from 
a distributors stock rather than be picked by the manufacturer or worse yet 
built specifically for the test. Full boats would be required, not panels, 
much of a designs strength is in the form/material combination. Certainly the 
experts at Paddlewise could design a worthwhile and comprehensive series of 
tests.  If Seakayaker is too busy to do the testing then It would be easy 
enough to set up a test facility in New England and send the results to them 
for publishing. 
    Ultimately the buying public will purchase boats for a variety of 
reasons, rather than solely the outcome of these tests and reviews.  Who 
among us hasn't bought a boat just because it was beautiful or paddled like a 
dream in some narrow application or had some design feature that we just 
couldn't live without?
    I agree the a significant effort would be required to develop the testing 
procedures.  Even then many will clamor that the test, are either unfair or 
arbitrary or unrealistic or biased.  So we must include all of the 
manufacturers in the test design process.  But this should be a "Consumers 
Guide" kind of test regime.  Some tests would require the boat to be in the 
water other should be done on dry land.  They all should be real life 
scenarios or laboratory approximations of same. We paddlers would carry the 
ultimate power over which tests we value.

The Tests (a work in progress) -- primarily fiberglass for now but tests for 
plastic boats would also be required.

    Resistance to "Oil Canning" is mainly a design issue more that a pure 
strength issue.  If a section of the boat can flex to absorb a force without 
cracking or weakening then that would be great, but most times the flexing 
leads to stress or compression cracks. So we should test for not only "Oil 
canning" but also material fatigue from repetitive "Oil Canning" at various 
temperatures.

    Resistance to cracking of the hull and deck in areas likely to see 
compressive forces.  Situations like paddle float reentry's, X rescues, 
sitting on the deck or sitting on the hull with the boat upside down.

Impact Resistance
    Dropping the boat as if it fell off the rack.  Drop various paddling 
related objects onto the deck.  Hitting submerged rocks.  Whack the boat into 
something while being carried.

Abrasion resistance
    Run the boats up onto and /or drag them over rocky shores

Penetration Resistance, Shear Strength
    I'm not sure how to define these or how valuable they might be.

Other test that might benefit from more scientific testing
Weathercocking, tracking, maneuverability (even keel and tilted)
    Certainly not strength related but may use much of the same equipment as 
other "strength related" test.

    Certainly the list could go on and on.  Please add as you see fit.  I'm 
willing, at the mere hint of interest by someone like Seakayaker Mag to 
compile your responses, poll the manufacturers and get this thing rolling.

Paddle On Garth
Jed






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From: <Outfit3029_at_aol.com>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] Durability Testing (Seakayaker Mag are you listening?)
Date: Thu, 6 Jan 2000 11:55:14 EST
In a message dated 1/6/00 3:48:53 PM !!!First Boot!!!, LedJube_at_aol.com writes:

<<  Certainly the 
 experts at Paddlewise could design a worthwhile and comprehensive series of 
 tests.   >>

 I would think time and commercial use to be good testing scenario.
 The competition to sell boats and the proliferation of "new" designs offered 
limits the time and use tests. After three to five years of use, the subject 
boats would no longer be available or would not be the "new and shiny" model.

 Bruce McC
 WEO
 www.wholeearthoutfitters.com
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From: Evan Easton <evan_at_eeaston.com>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] Durability Testing
Date: Thu, 6 Jan 2000 12:02:07 -0600
----- Original Message -----
From: <LedJube_at_aol.com>
To: <paddlewise_at_lists.intelenet.net>
Sent: Thursday, January 06, 2000 9:25 AM
Subject: [Paddlewise] Durability Testing (Seakayaker Mag are you listening?)


> ...
> The Tests (a work in progress) -- primarily fiberglass for now but tests
for
> plastic boats would also be required.
>
>     Resistance to "Oil Canning" is mainly a design issue more that a pure
> strength issue.  If a section of the boat can flex to absorb a force
without
> cracking or weakening then that would be great, but most times the flexing
> leads to stress or compression cracks. So we should test for not only "Oil
> canning" but also material fatigue from repetitive "Oil Canning" at
various
> temperatures.
>
>     Resistance to cracking of the hull and deck in areas likely to see
> compressive forces.  Situations like paddle float reentry's, X rescues,
> sitting on the deck or sitting on the hull with the boat upside down.
>
> Impact Resistance
>     Dropping the boat as if it fell off the rack.  Drop various paddling
> related objects onto the deck.  Hitting submerged rocks.  Whack the boat
into
> something while being carried.
>
> Abrasion resistance
>     Run the boats up onto and /or drag them over rocky shores
>
> Penetration Resistance, Shear Strength
>     I'm not sure how to define these or how valuable they might be.
>
> Other test that might benefit from more scientific testing
> Weathercocking, tracking, maneuverability (even keel and tilted)
>     Certainly not strength related but may use much of the same equipment
as
> other "strength related" test.
>
>     Certainly the list could go on and on.  Please add as you see fit.
I'm
> willing, at the mere hint of interest by someone like Seakayaker Mag to
> compile your responses, poll the manufacturers and get this thing rolling.
>

Wow, this could get very expensive.  I think it would be very difficult to
get quantitatively useful results.  An important is the question what is
their durability and safety after experiencing these abuses.  To really
understand the durability of a boat you have to use _many_ copies of the
same boat and do _many_ tests like:

    - Drop a boat off the rack x times, then measure the force it takes to
snap the boat in half by folding it
    - Drop a boat off the rack x times, then measure the force it takes to
compromise the deck by dropping a load on it.
    - Drop a boat off the rack x times, then measure the force it takes to
flatten the boat to a height of 2" by applying pressure plate from the top
and bottom.
    - Drop a boat off the rack x times, then measure the force it take to
puncture the hull in
    - Drop a boat off the rack x times, then see if it oil cans
    - Drop a boat off the rack x times, then see if its deck-hull seam leaks
    - Drag the boat Y yards across rocky shores, then measure the force it
takes to snap the boat in half by folding it
    - Drag the boat Y yards across rocky shores, then measure the force it
takes to compromise the deck by dropping a load on it.
    - Drag the boat Y yards across rocky shores, then measure the force it
takes to flatten the boat to a height of 2" by applying pressure plate from
the top and bottom.
    - Drag the boat Y yards across rocky shores, then measure the force it
take to puncture the hull in
    - Drag the boat Y yards across rocky shores, then see if it oil cans
    - Drag the boat Y yards across rocky shores, then see if its deck-hull
seam leaks
    ...

And then you'd have to combine abuses in different combinations, then
determine the above outcomes.
And then you'd have to repeat it all many times to prove that a particular
failure wasn't the result of a boat that was contributing to the low end of
the mean-time-to-failure curve.

Very expensive.

If this sounds extreme, then consider the way that cars's safety is
determined (that is fully assembled cars).  You crash them and measure
forces exerted on things like test dummies.  Because of the cost, you're
probably only going to get three type of crashes tested: full-frontal (don't
search for this one :-), frontal-offset, and side-impact.  And that's if
you're lucky and somebody cared enough to test the car you want information
for.  An unfortunate problem with this testing method is that we never find
out if the results of the tests are repeatable.  It's not enough to do a
test just once.  You've got to repeat it (perferrably with a third party) to
know for sure.

What the auto industry/government does, however, to compensate for this
pragmatic inability to conduct real science in measuring the
safety/durability of a vehicle is to keep databases of incidents.  This
allows us to go back, in retrospect, and review the quality of a particular
model.  Unlike finance where past performance is not indicative of future
potential, these database can be representative of a manufacturer's quality.


So, what's my point?  I don't really know, I'm just blathering.  Maybe the
points are:
 - When (and if) anyone ever devises a durability test, be skeptical about
its ability to answer the question, "should I buy boat X instead of boat Y."
 - It can only be good for us (consumers) to get the word out about the
problems we encounter; this is much like the paddler safety incident
articles in Sea Kayaker and those in other magazines like Flying.  Smart
people learn from failures.

Evan


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From: Vince Dalrymple <vincedalrymple_at_home.com>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] Durability Testing (Seakayaker Mag are you listening?)
Date: Thu, 06 Jan 2000 13:44:54 -0500
Just out of curiosity, are there any PaddleWisers out there who own
Tsunamis?  How do you feel about their durability vs. the Brit.
Battleships?

LedJube_at_aol.com wrote:
> 
>     Is it possible that we have the whole British boat strength versus weight
> conundrum wrong?  Certainly the British boats are laid-up by hand and not
> vacuum bagged.  Certainly vacuum bagging results in the higher strength to
> weight ratio.  But how is this strength defined?  Tensile only, if my
> not-in-the-business mind is not mistaken.  The glass fibers in Fiberglas are
> strong, very strong but in tension only.  What provides the other components
> of this thing we call strength? The compression resistance, deflection
> resistance, torsional strength, abrasion resistance, shear strength, to what
> degree are these other properties required and in what parts of the boat?
> 
>     The durability issue is so much more than strength versus weight.  I have
> owned more than a few North American built boats that were beautiful, very
> light, very capable of handling heavy water but were built as if they'd never
> see action beyond flat water, sandy beaches and protected launches/landings.
> All of my experience now leads me to the British boats.  They are not, to my
> eye, the most appealing. Nor are they, to anyone's arms, the lightest.  They
> seem to be, to many of the most experienced of us, the most durable and
> tolerant of rough handling, the proverbial "battleship".
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From: <LedJube_at_aol.com>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] Durability Testing (Seakayaker Mag are you listening?)
Date: Thu, 6 Jan 2000 14:13:46 EST
In a message dated 1/6/00 4:55:14 PM, Outfit3029 writes:

<< I would think time and commercial use to be good testing scenario.
 The competition to sell boats and the proliferation of "new" designs offered 
limits the time and use tests. After three to five years of use, the subject 
boats would no longer be available or would not be the "new and shiny" 
model.>>

    This would make a great, although subjective, test for general 
durability, fit/finish, comfort and general utility but I think the strength 
tests would have to be done in a lab to yield empirical data.  More than one 
boat would be required for a commercial use test so that results won't be 
skewed by exceptions.  I do want to say that I feel Seakayaker Mag does a 
great job already with the subjective side of boat testing and reviews, 
except for the durability stuff
    The time issue is well taken. The testing could start soon after 
production boats are at the distributors to make sure were not testing 
prototypes
    How would we keep the manufacturers from changing/lightening the 
construction after the tests has been published?  Maybe the builder could 
guaranty the construction spec's and each model could be retested every two 
or three years.
    As far as publishing test results early in the boats life-cycle:  This 
will always be a compromise.  Too early and correlations are weak.  Too late 
and the information loses it's value.  But the "new and shiny" model mindset 
is problematic.  Kayak designs, at least the good ones, stick around for 
quite a while.  I think a 12 to 18 month period from production start to 
tests publication is not excessive or unreasonable.  This point too should be 
decided by the governing body with input from all interested parties.

Jed Luby, SKDST     (Senior Kayak Durability and Strength Tester)
North American Institute of Kayak Studies
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