Re: [Paddlewise] [PaddleWise] Paddles

From: Matt Broze <mkayaks_at_oz.net>
Date: Sun, 28 Jul 2002 01:49:22 -0700
Thank you, Peter for the detailed and patient explanation. You must have
been saving it up for when this topic resurfaced on Paddlewise.
I had the same question Wes did though. Are you using the paddle as a foil
when comparing AR efficiency or does this still all somehow apply with a
stalled foil as well?
There seem to be several practical limits to using high aspect ratio
paddles. You must either reduce the blade area or make the blades very long
to get a high AR and maintain the blade area. Reducing the blade area
reduces the thrust. Making the blades longer (2"x54") has several problems I
can imagine. Since you are pivoting the paddle during the stroke the
pressure at different points along the blade will vary (higher at the tip
and less and less as you measure going towards your hand. The pressure could
become negative (meaning that nearer the hand the blade might be moving
forward under water rather than backward. If that were the case, that part
of the blade would be using power to thrust in the wrong direction and be
working against you. Not only would a 54" long blade be ungainly to get in
and out of the water (and lift the extra blade weight--that also has more
leverage being so far away). It will also be a much harder paddle to control
during the stroke because another characteristic of high AR is a that it
stalls at a shallower angle of attack so blade placement angle will become
very critical and the flutter rate of the blade will become uncontrollably
fast under higher loads). I suspect that since the foil penetrates the
surface at full width you will also likely have an efficiency loss due to
ventilation (air getting behind the blade and destroying the lift). The long
blade needs to be sliced down into the water--while remaining closer to
horizontal than vertical (because it is so long) and the direction (and the
angle of attack) needs to change abruptly at some point while the blade is
underwater so it can return to the surface and generate lift again on its
upward path to the surface. There will be a loss of efficiency from stopping
the momentum in one direction and them accelerating again once you have
reversed blade direction. A wing paddle stroke starts close to the kayak and
moves outward until the blade reaches the surface without any abrupt
direction changes (energy robbing stops and starts).
I suggest you get the high aspect ratio by using two very small foils, say
24"x1.5", (on each end of the paddle-four foils in all) for your paddle
blades. They would lie next to each other separated by half an inch or so.
That way you will get two narrow lifting foils on each end of the paddle (so
the high AR paddle doesn't have to be so long to get the same blade area)
and as long as they are used like a wing to generate "lift" you will also
benefit from the "slot effect" between the blades increasing the "lift". I'm
hereby trademarking the names "Bye-paddle", "bi-paddle", "slot-paddle",
"forked stick", and the slogan "four blades are better than two".

You could get rid of the ventilation problem by keeping the blades entirely
under water and maybe centered directly below the kayak (perhaps spinning
around on a shaft that could be spun continuously in the same direction and
powered by your strong legs and feet on pedals while leaving your weaker
arms and hands free to perform tasks requiring greater dexterity. Of course,
we'd have trouble calling it a kayak anymore. It would be way more efficient
that way as it could also take more advantage of the high AR efficiency
gains with out the high AR paddles problems. A few weeks ago I saw an
ultralight airplane that had two 9.5 HP engines that turned two about 18"
long by 1" wide "slot effect" dual propellers. As hard as it was to believe,
dat thing could fly, I seen it wit mine own eyes.

Matt Broze
http://www.marinerkayaks.com


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Received on Sun Jul 28 2002 - 05:06:43 PDT

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