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From: Tord Eriksson <tord_at_tord.nu>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] Rudder redux
Date: Tue, 26 Jun 2007 21:09:01 +0200
On Tuesday 26 June 2007 17:07, PaddleWise wrote:
> First let me say that Im fine letting anyone choose if they want to use
> a rudder or not. I dislike them and I stated my reasons for not liking
> them (although personally I dont worry about sharks either way). Some
> kayaks absolutely need a rudder so Im certainly not arguing that
> someone with such a kayak forgo the rudder. 

I think it is pretty hard to sail a klepper without a rudder, even if you 
can use your paddle as a poor man's rudder! We always paddle with the
rudder on, but at times we lift it out of the water - especially close to
the shore.

(snip)

> >>>>>>>>At least one record-holding long-distance paddler (Paul Caffyn -
>
> Google his name for those who haven't run across his exploits before)
> has kept records to indicate that he covers more water in less time with
> a rudder (a deep rudder) than in a boat with no rudder at all. Or, for
> that matter, in a boat with a skeg. This, all by itself, is a powerful
> argument for using a rudder. <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
>
>
>
> The Nordkapp HS that Paul used has a fairly strong weatherhelm (the HM
> version can be very hard to turn when at speed (so making corrections
> while on the wave to prevent a broach is nearly impossiblein my
> experience with the HM especially the result is a long carved broach off
> the wave that doesnt end until the boat is nearly perpendicular to the
> wave direction or the wave passes the boat). Id say adding a rudder to
> the Nordkapp HS was a good solution for Paul and I have no doubt that he
> did indeed make better time with a rudder than without. I should note
> that Pauls rudder was about twice as long as rudders normally found on
> sea kayaks because without the extra length Paul would have suffered
> much more in steep following seas where the rudder often doesnt reach
> the water as the stern is liftedand if the waves are steep lifts the
> rudder blade from the water just when it is needed most. 

A very good point! With the rudder we spend very little time correcting
our track, while without it is a coordinated effort - sometimes involving 
harsh words!

> 1)Less fatigue. Loose or spongy foot pedals diminish the power of your
> stroke in those systems where the rudder pedal slides (because of the
> reduction in being able to use thigh and calf muscles to help share the
> load). Where the pedals work like gas pedals just the calf muscles are
> mostly lost for sharing the hull drag load among your muscle groups.

Klepper's ain't spongy!

> my rudders are operated by my tippy-toes while my heels stay firmly
> planted against the cockpit sole and my knees are against the foam pads
> under the cockpit coaming. This position allows me to use my stomach and
> thigh muscles (much like having a friend sit on your legs during
> sit-ups) while I paddle. Is this less efficient than making multiple
> consecutive correction strokes or putting more energy into a stroke on
> one side of the boat while edging? I don't believe so. 

Hear, hear! 

(snip)

> Yes, I learned that lesson my second time in a kayak. I was surfing
> whitecaps coming into a beach and thought using the paddle down wave
> might stop the broaching. Instead it almost tripped me over as the boat
> ran into the paddle. Why I didnt learn it on that first try when I
> almost capsized? I dont know. The second try could have killed me as
> after tripping over the paddle and capsizing I almost stayed stuck by
> the new (to me) unfamiliar spraydeck after the resulting capsize. I
> dont think I ever did it again that I can recall anyhow. My point is
> that with most (sliding pedal) rudder systems if you push the down wave
> pedal forward in order to point the bow back down the wave you loosen
> the grip on the down wave side of the kayak with your knee and when the
> rudder trips you upon reentering the water you dont have your knee
> giving you a firm grip to prevent the kayak from capsizing by leaning it
> into the wave. Of course, if both your knees always stay jammed up
> against the deck like you say yours do that might not be a problem for
> you. Crossing the rudder cables solved the problem for me and felt more
> natural to me as well. Of course, I havent spent enough time piloting
> an airplane to have reflexively wanted to use the pedals the other way.
> Surprising, piloting a small plane seemed very natural to me when I
> first did it years ago. So much so, I would have thought I must have
> been a pilot in a past life (if I believed in such things).

Haven't we all?!

> 5)Broken rudders, cables, corrosion, and wear mean far more maintenance
> is required. A rudder dependent paddler can suddenly go "cold turkey" in
> extreme conditions if the rudder fails. Or much worse, imagine your
> rudder stuck down and hard over to one side during a rough solo
> crossing. I once won a kayak race partly because a paddler in a faster
> kayak had this happen to him during the sprint at the start. After that
> he could only go in circles.

I inspect my rudder and cables each time I go paddling - as I install it
each time, it becomes natural!

(snip)

> Ill be happy to argue the fact that one must expend extra energy to
> turn a kayak without a rudder if you mean more than when using a rudder
> that extra  in that sentence seems to imply. The only time I make
> several consecutive strokes on the same side is when I want to turn a
> moving kayak as quickly as possible. Rocking a reasonably tippy kayak
> from one side to other is virtually effortless when also swinging a
> paddle and arms around and that is usually all I need to do to control
> my kayaks under all but the most difficult of conditions. In those more
> difficult conditions a little bit of stern draw at the end of the stoke
> on the side Im rocking the kayak towards usually takes care of that and
> adds more power to the turn/course correction helped by rocking. Yes, in
> some kayaks I have to go further down my list and do the things that
> require progressively more energy. How far down the list depends on the
> tendencies and the lean-to-turn ability of those particular kayaks (or
> with say a heavy gear load in a wide stable kayak that becomes more work
> to get it to lean).

We find turning the Kleppers have improved dramatically since we added
a leeboard up front - maybe something for other designers to think of -
a boat this is fairly stiff (turnwise), with rudder, that becomes very 
agile when used with a forward skeg - should be fairly simple to 
implement!
 
> I hate having to paddle using one side harder than the other. It was
> just such experiences with the kayaks we then owned that got us thinking
> about how we could modify our kayaks to get rid of those tendencies and
> still keep the solid foot pedals we didnt want to give up. Those
> discussions progressed into what we would do if we designed our own
> kayaks to correct the things we didnt like about the kayaks we were
> paddling. That lead to studying the other aspects of hull design to make
> the kayaks move as easy as possible through the water and have a sea
> kindly hull in waves. You see I am basically lazy. It is astonishing
> that some people think that paddlers who dont use a rudder have some
> macho need to be independent of the things and therefore feel they have
> to justify their using a rudder. Much of the skills in paddling strokes
> are to increase ones efficiency. This is especially important to a
> racer. If I could have been faster by using a rudder I would have done
> it in my racing days.  Im sixty-one and so far my shoulders are still
> fine.

:-)!

> Id be the first to admit that a six year old might make an excellent
> paddling skills role model. I usually learn much better when playing,
> goofing around and experimenting. Far better than I do from listening to
> and believing the predjudices of someone certified and tested by the
> further certified instructor trainers who got there first and
> institutionalized their own prejudices and are still passing them down
> the chain of command no matter how irrelevant they have become.
> Instruction cant hold a candle to play when it comes to learning.
> School systems make one stiff and self-conscious. Those are about the
> last things one needs to be when learning physical skills. If I had a
> six year old again I would endeavor to keep her away from institutions
> with teachers as long as possible. Sit still and fold your hands in
> front of you. All rise for the flag salute.

I salute you, Matt! I had just too much schooling in my day and it didn't 
do me much good either!

Tord
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From: John Winters <jdwinters_at_eastlink.ca>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] Rudder redux
Date: Fri, 29 Jun 2007 20:27:15 -0300
Craig wrote;


> We do have data that crosses those boundaries. Paul Caffyn's data. I'm not
> sure why you so casually dismiss it.
>

Unfortunately, you are incorrect. However, if you are satisfied with Paul 
Caffyn's data then that is a nice thing for you.

If you cannot think of a way to objectively measure the forces acting on a 
boat then it is clear you are not the person that should be set to do that 
task. Some one who understands fluid dynamics, on the other hand, and 
understands test procedures might be able to do it.

Cheers

John Winters
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From: Craig Jungers <crjungers_at_gmail.com>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] Rudder redux
Date: Sun, 1 Jul 2007 15:29:16 -0700
On 6/29/07, John Winters <jdwinters_at_eastlink.ca> wrote:
>
> Craig wrote;
>
>
> We do have data that crosses those boundaries. Paul Caffyn's data. I'm not
> sure why you so casually dismiss it.
>
>
> Unfortunately, you are incorrect. However, if you are satisfied with Paul
> Caffyn's data then that is a nice thing for you.


Ok John... I'll do what you demanded fromMatt. Support that statement with
data.

If you cannot think of a way to objectively measure the forces acting on a
> boat then it is clear you are not the person that should be set to do that
> task. Some one who understands fluid dynamics, on the other hand, and
> understands test procedures might be able to do it.


Oh, please. If it were easy to do then someone would be doing it now. The
problems revolve around the variables; not finding someone who "understands
fluid dynamics" or "test procedures". Objectively testing for all variables
is impossible. Would you do it in a test tank? Then how would that apply to
the real world? Would you use a 160lb paddler? How would that apply to a
180lb paddler? The nit picking (by, I expect, you) would be endless.

Caffyn recorded a nearly-33% increase in daily mileage with a rudder
compared to no rudder.

If you don't agree with it, then provide some data (not test parameters) to
refute it.


Craig Jungers
Royal City, WA
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From: Michael Daly <michaeldaly_at_greatlakeskayaker.ca>
subject: [Paddlewise] [SPAM] Re: Rudder redux
Date: Mon, 02 Jul 2007 01:32:30 -0400
Craig Jungers wrote:

> Caffyn recorded a nearly-33% increase in daily mileage with a rudder
> compared to no rudder.

It seems to me with that kind of difference, he's not measuring the 
performance of the rudder so much as either of:

1) how badly designed his kayak is or
2) how poorly chosen the kayak was for his type of paddling.

No kayak should require a rudder.  If you want to use one, fine, but a 
kayak that _needs_ a rudder is a seriously flawed design.

I've paddled kayaks that need a rudder - one, which I've condemned 
before, I launched with the rudder locked in the retracted position into 
a windy Lake Ontario.  After a few hundred meters of paddling in every 
direction except the one I wanted to go, I returned the kayak to the 
beach and went home.  This borrowed kayak was a ridiculously bad design.

The kayaks I've owned have not required a rudder.  My Solstice GTHV, 
long ago sold, was very well mannered without the rudder, so much so 
that I never used it.  If there was any hint that the rudder would have 
made such a difference as Caffyn showed, I'd have sold the kayak quickly 
and condemned it considerably.  As it was, I'd expect that the rudder 
would only provide a marginal difference and only under the most extreme 
conditions.  Given that I never deployed the rudder in the 5 or so years 
I paddled the Solstice, those conditions would have to be very extreme 
indeed.

Mike
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From: Craig Jungers <crjungers_at_gmail.com>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] [SPAM] Re: Rudder redux
Date: Sun, 1 Jul 2007 23:02:36 -0700
I think that there are other factors that could have resulted in such a
large difference. Prevailing winds, for one thing. But we'll never know for
sure until someone tries to replicate the data. Caffyn himself is adamant in
his defense of the rudder, however. He clearly feels that it made a huge
difference. And, since no one has ever done anything like what he did it's
hard to refute him.

Craig Jungers
Royal City, WA

On 7/1/07, Michael Daly <michaeldaly_at_greatlakeskayaker.ca> wrote:
>
> Craig Jungers wrote:
>
> > Caffyn recorded a nearly-33% increase in daily mileage with a rudder
> > compared to no rudder.
>
> It seems to me with that kind of difference, he's not measuring the
> performance of the rudder so much as either of:
>
> 1) how badly designed his kayak is or
> 2) how poorly chosen the kayak was for his type of paddling.
>
> No kayak should require a rudder.  If you want to use one, fine, but a
> kayak that _needs_ a rudder is a seriously flawed design.
>
> I've paddled kayaks that need a rudder - one, which I've condemned
> before, I launched with the rudder locked in the retracted position into
> a windy Lake Ontario.  After a few hundred meters of paddling in every
> direction except the one I wanted to go, I returned the kayak to the
> beach and went home.  This borrowed kayak was a ridiculously bad design.
>
> The kayaks I've owned have not required a rudder.  My Solstice GTHV,
> long ago sold, was very well mannered without the rudder, so much so
> that I never used it.  If there was any hint that the rudder would have
> made such a difference as Caffyn showed, I'd have sold the kayak quickly
> and condemned it considerably.  As it was, I'd expect that the rudder
> would only provide a marginal difference and only under the most extreme
> conditions.  Given that I never deployed the rudder in the 5 or so years
> I paddled the Solstice, those conditions would have to be very extreme
> indeed.
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From: Michael Daly <michaeldaly_at_greatlakeskayaker.ca>
subject: [Paddlewise] [SPAM] Re: Re: Rudder redux
Date: Mon, 02 Jul 2007 10:14:34 -0400
Craig Jungers wrote:

> I think that there are other factors that could have resulted in such a
> large difference. Prevailing winds, for one thing. 

How?  If the winds affect the ruddered kayak, they affect an unruddered 
kayak.  If the ruddered performs poorly in those winds unless the rudder 
is used and the unruddered is not so seriously affected, then the 
problem is the ruddered kayak and the solution is not the rudder.


> But we'll never know for
> sure until someone tries to replicate the data. Caffyn himself is adamant in
> his defense of the rudder, however. He clearly feels that it made a huge
> difference. And, since no one has ever done anything like what he did it's
> hard to refute him.

But you claimed Caffyn's data stands on its own.  Clearly it doesn't. 
This is exactly what John's on about - the data is not collected 
properly.  Caffyn hasn't isolated the rudder from other effects. 
Caffyn's subjective observations in the absence of any controls (like 
objective measurements, a kayak that doesn't need a rudder etc) means 
nothing to a person looking for an objective assessment of the 
performance of rudders.

Mike
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From: Craig Jungers <crjungers_at_gmail.com>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] [SPAM] Re: Re: Rudder redux
Date: Mon, 2 Jul 2007 10:07:20 -0700
On 7/2/07, Michael Daly <michaeldaly_at_greatlakeskayaker.ca> wrote:
>
> Craig Jungers wrote:
>
> > I think that there are other factors that could have resulted in such a
> > large difference. Prevailing winds, for one thing.
>
> How?  If the winds affect the ruddered kayak, they affect an unruddered
> kayak.


An unruddered kayak might perform poorly in following seas compared to the
same kayak with a deep draft rudder. Then again, maybe it was just that he
could concentrate on his stroke. Repeat his test, collect some data, and see
for yourself.


> But you claimed Caffyn's data stands on its own.  Clearly it doesn't.


Clearly it does. It's data. It's recorded. It's not opinion or hearsay. It
needs someone to go out and repeat it. It might bear further analysis. But
it doesn't need unjustified opinions.


> This is exactly what John's on about - the data is not collected
> properly.  Caffyn hasn't isolated the rudder from other effects.
> Caffyn's subjective observations in the absence of any controls (like
> objective measurements, a kayak that doesn't need a rudder etc) means
> nothing to a person looking for an objective assessment of the
> performance of rudders.



Caffyn was not setting out to do a study on rudders. He was trying to make
his circumnavigation of Australia and the data was a byproduct of that trip.
But it was not opinion or anecdotal. It's valid empirical data. It makes a
starting point for those who would like to investigate this subject further.

What he doesn't deserve is a small cadre of anti-rudder paddlers
second-guessing him because, in their opinion - and, apparently *only* in
their opinion, he was wrong. If you don't like what his data appears to say
go get some data of your own to refute it. Just criticising it on the basis
that he had no "control" (I would think that his kayak prior to the rudder
was a pretty decent control, actually) or that the kayak itself is faulty or
that it was just a story is both unfair to Paul Caffyn and to the paddling
community at large.

It seems to me that there are plenty of knee-jerk reactions to this subject
but damn few people - other than Matt and Caffyn and perhaps some of the
racing consortiums - with anything other than anecdotal evidence.


Craig Jungers
Royal City, WA
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From: Nick Schade <nick_at_guillemot-kayaks.com>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] Rudder redux
Date: Mon, 2 Jul 2007 14:10:43 -0400
On Jul 2, 2007, at 1:07 PM, Craig Jungers wrote:

>
>
>> But you claimed Caffyn's data stands on its own.  Clearly it doesn't.
>
>
> Clearly it does. It's data. It's recorded. It's not opinion or  
> hearsay. It
> needs someone to go out and repeat it. It might bear further  
> analysis. But
> it doesn't need unjustified opinions.

My first car had manual steering. My new car has power steering. I  
got better gas mileage with my old car than I am now getting with my  
new one. (kind of sad)

Therefore: Manual steering is more fuel efficient for all cars.

Caffyn's data is undoubtedly accurate. That doesn't mean you can draw  
any generalized conclusions from it. There are a lot of variables  
that can effect the results. Lets assume the boats he used for each  
trip were identical except for the rudder. Lets further assume that  
he loaded the boat identically and the weather and ocean conditions  
were identical. We can also assume that on his second trip he had  
already done the trip once previously. This fact alone is enough to  
explain a large portion of his experience that the second trip was  
easier. I know that going places I've been before always seems easier  
and goes faster. I think the experience of doing a long expedition  
inevitably makes someone better at doing long expeditions. While that  
experience does not effect the kayak, it does effect the meat  
powering the kayak. I think it is typical that long distance  
travelers cover more ground at the end of a trip than they do at the  
beginning. I would be surprise if given identical conditions, and  
identical boats, the second trip was not faster. One feature of  
humans is they learn and get better at doing things.

But even if you could rule out every other variable in his experience  
and be absolutely sure that the only thing different between the two  
trips was the rudder and could thus conclude that the rudder is the  
sole source of any difference, this does not mean you can generalize  
the results to other boats in other conditions, paddle by other  
paddlers, paddling with different loads.  There may be something  
peculiar about the boat, paddler, or conditions that resulted in the  
rudder creating an increase in efficiency.

The boat he used may be particularly unbalanced, requiring an unusual  
amount of correction to maintain course. Mr. Caffyn may have some  
peculiarity in his paddling technique that a rudder overcomes. The  
conditions he paddled in may have been such that a rudder was  
especially beneficial.

There is a lot more to Caffyn's trips than the presence or lack of a  
rudder. While any data that comes out of the trip is interesting, it  
can not stand by itself because we don't know much about the  
circumstances that created the data.

There is more to the difference in mileage of my two cars than the  
presence or lack of power steering. No one would think to conclude  
that one man's experience with two different cars can be translated  
to apply to all cars with all people. More data is required be for  
you can conclude anything.

Nick



Nick Schade

Guillemot Kayaks
824 Thompson St
Glastonbury, CT 06033
USA
Ph/Fx: (860) 659-8847
http://www.guillemot-kayaks.com/
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From: Craig Jungers <crjungers_at_gmail.com>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] Rudder redux
Date: Mon, 2 Jul 2007 12:21:25 -0700
On 7/2/07, Nick Schade <nick_at_guillemot-kayaks.com> wrote:
>
>
>
> Caffyn's data is undoubtedly accurate. That doesn't mean you can draw
> any generalized conclusions from it. There are a lot of variables
> that can effect the results.


Which is why I suggest that people go out and replicate the data in
different kayaks and on different waters; preferably on long trips but any
set of trips would be useful.

Most of us have the tools for this now. Simply choose a month (say, July) to
paddle without the rudder and another month (say, August) to paddle with it.
Record your trips and your paddling times (a Garmin conveniently gives you
both average speed while moving and average speed for the entire trip
including stops). Post them here. Let's see some data. Don't expect everyone
to agree with any conclusions, but just raw data would be useful.

Lets assume the boats he used for each
> trip were identical except for the rudder. Lets further assume that
> he loaded the boat identically and the weather and ocean conditions
> were identical.


Let's cut to the chase. Assume, for a moment, that Caffyn's results showed
that his daily mileage decreased after the installation of the rudder. Do
you think, for even a moment, that the anti-rudder zealots wouldn't be
pointing this out at every opportunity?

What this discussion has proven, at least to me, is that there are people
who view rudders as a satanic device and nothing will dissuade them. Someone
could provide test measurements galore, data by the bucketful, and enough
statistics to choke a Cray and there would always be some problem. Some lack
of "control", or "subjectivity" to complain about. If it were done in a test
tank then that would be used to show that "real world" is different and if
it were done outside then "weather conditions" would be the grounds.

This is fine. If someone wants to believe that the use of a rudder under any
circumstances is inherently evil then I have no problem with it.

My problem was labeling a recorded set of data as "anecdotal" and dismissed
by someone who is supposed to be a professional. It just got my scientific
dander up. Caffyn doesn't deserve that, I don't think. His accomplishments
certainly stand on their own.

The data is not anecdotal. But all the opinions are.

The bottom line right now is: if you want to use a rudder by all means do
it; there is, at present, more evidence that it will enhance your
point-to-point paddling performance than there is evidence that it will
diminish it. If it doesn't then document it and post it here.


Craig Jungers
Royal City, WA
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From: Nick Schade <nick_at_guillemot-kayaks.com>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] Rudder redux
Date: Mon, 2 Jul 2007 17:14:05 -0400
On Jul 2, 2007, at 3:21 PM, Craig Jungers wrote:

> Most of us have the tools for this now. Simply choose a month (say,  
> July) to paddle without the rudder and another month (say, August)  
> to paddle with it.

Your suggested test is equally as good at determining which month is  
faster - July or August - as it is at determining if a rudder is  
better or worse. It can also be used to suggest when you are in  
better shape, or if water temperature matters. It is very good at  
producing anecdotal evidence, but not for gathering accurate data. It  
is a start, and if you want to do it, feel free, the results will be  
interesting, but very arguable.

If you were to take a year and record data with a GPS every day you  
paddle and either deploy or retract your rudder every 1/4 hour on the  
1/4 hour, you could start to get some good data about how _you_  
perform with and without a rudder. If you were then to repeat the  
test with everyone you know paddling the same boat, you could start  
to get decent data about how a  specific boat performs with and  
without a rudder. If you now repeat that test with everyone you know  
each paddling every kayak you can get your hands on you can get a  
pretty good set of data for how kayaks generally performs with and  
without a rudder.


> What this discussion has proven, at least to me, is that there are  
> people who view rudders as a satanic device and nothing will  
> dissuade them.

For the record, I think rudders can help people paddle faster, I just  
don't think Caffyn's data is solid evidence of that opinion. ICF  
sprint racing kayaks tend to have rudders. I would be shocked if  
there wasn't testing done to demonstrate that they are beneficial for  
racing. However, just observing that the ICF boats use them is itself  
anecdotal evidence, not reliable data.

> The data is not anecdotal. But all the opinions are.

"Anecdotal" refers to evidence based on reports of specific  
individual cases rather than controlled, clinical studies. Caffyn's  
report is the very definition of "anecdotal".
Nick


Nick Schade

Guillemot Kayaks
824 Thompson St
Glastonbury, CT 06033
USA
Ph/Fx: (860) 659-8847
http://www.guillemot-kayaks.com/
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From: Craig Jungers <crjungers_at_gmail.com>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] Rudder redux
Date: Mon, 2 Jul 2007 19:08:09 -0700
On 7/2/07, Nick Schade <nick_at_guillemot-kayaks.com> wrote:
>
>
> It is very good at producing anecdotal evidence, but not for gathering
> accurate data. It is a start, and if you want to do it, feel free, the
> results will be interesting, but very arguable.
>

As near as I can tell, everything on this forum is very arguable.


> If you now repeat that test with everyone you know each paddling every
> kayak you can get your hands on you can get a pretty good set of data for
> how kayaks generally performs with and without a rudder.
>

Yup. Wouldn't that be an interesting set of data though? And not at all
anecdotal.


> For the record, I think rudders can help people paddle faster, I just
> don't think Caffyn's data is solid evidence of that opinion.
>

I don't believe I ever said that I thought Caffyn's data is solid evidence
that rudders can help people paddle faster. I just said it was valid
evidence, that it was emprical evidence and that it was not anecdotal.

And, for the record, my Nimbus Telkwa is the only kayak I've ever owned with
a rudder and the first one I ever paddled with a rudder. I do believe that,
over a point-to-point course, a rudder can help me reduce effort. Whether I
put that savings into going faster or going farther or stopping to play is
up to me. But I've never thought that a rudder in-and-of itself is either a
religious experience or a device invented by Satan. It's a tool that can be
used if one desires.

 ICF sprint racing kayaks tend to have rudders. I would be shocked if there
> wasn't testing done to demonstrate that they are beneficial for racing.
> However, just observing that the ICF boats use them is itself anecdotal
> evidence, not reliable data.
>

Yup. But the results of races between kayaks with rudders and without them
would not be anecdotal, it would be raw data subject to analysis. Generally
statistical analysis.

> The data is not anecdotal. But all the opinions are.
>
>
> "Anecdotal" refers to evidence based on reports of specific individual
> cases rather than controlled, clinical studies. Caffyn's report is the very
> definition of "anecdotal".
>

Well now we're throwing in a new term. I don't think anyone has referred to
Caffyn's "report". A report certainly can be anecdotal ("James reported that
he saw a guy in a kayak with a rudder going faster than one without.") but
since it's the data itself - the raw, unadulterated written accounts of how
many miles were paddled each day - we're talking about here, then that's not
anecdotal.

Nor would a statistical analysis of that data be anecdotal.

Anecdotal evidence is generally held to be that given by untrained observers
or hearsay ("I heard bob said he went faster with a rudder"). Caffyn's data
(not his "report" - whatever that is) is a written record of miles travelled
over a long period of time set down by an expert in the field. So when
Caffyn states that he thought the rudder made him go faster that may be
anecdotal. But when he says that the statistics indicate that he went faster
with a rudder it's not anecdotal. But, of course, one can do a lot with
statistics.

It's often held that one patient reporting a side-effect of a medicine is
anecdotal; but when 1,000 patients report the same side-effect that's no
longer anecdotal.

And evidence does not have to be only from "controlled, clinical studies" to
be valid, empirical data. The North American bird count is an example.

We all seem to be caught up in a trap in which only data from something that
was measured is valid when, in fact, science is full of emprical studies
made by self-taught experts. Geology is one. Zoology is another.


Craig Jungers
Royal City, WA
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From: Nick Schade <nick_at_guillemot-kayaks.com>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] Rudder redux
Date: Tue, 3 Jul 2007 15:51:42 -0400
On Jul 2, 2007, at 10:08 PM, Craig Jungers wrote:

> Anecdotal evidence is generally held to be that given by untrained  
> observers
> or hearsay ("I heard bob said he went faster with a rudder").  
> Caffyn's data
> (not his "report" - whatever that is) is a written record of miles  
> travelled
> over a long period of time set down by an expert in the field. So when
> Caffyn states that he thought the rudder made him go faster that  
> may be
> anecdotal. But when he says that the statistics indicate that he  
> went faster
> with a rudder it's not anecdotal. But, of course, one can do a lot  
> with
> statistics.


I guess I don't see any statistics here. There is a sample of one.  
Caffyn found a difference with previous experience only once. It  
happened to occur over a long stretch of coast immediately after a  
previous long stretch of coast, but it is still only one single  
event. Statistics require several samples. This is not statistical  
data, but a report of an observation and one man's perception of what  
was going on. He has not done anything to raise it above the level of  
anecdote. The fact that Caffyn is an "expert" makes it an anecdote  
worth paying attention to, but his conclusions are still capable  
being mistaken.

Nick Schade

Guillemot Kayaks
824 Thompson St
Glastonbury, CT 06033
USA
Ph/Fx: (860) 659-8847
http://www.guillemot-kayaks.com/
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From: Craig Jungers <crjungers_at_gmail.com>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] Rudder redux
Date: Tue, 3 Jul 2007 13:55:51 -0700
On 7/3/07, Nick Schade <nick_at_guillemot-kayaks.com> wrote:

> I guess I don't see any statistics here.


Caffyn took his average daily mileage before rudder installation and
compared it with his average daily mileage after rudder installation and
published that figure. That is a statstical analysis; however rudimentary

Again, the value in Caffyn's data is that it was a byproduct of the agenda
not the agenda itself. The results, according to Caffyn, surprised him
because prior to the modifications of his kayak he was unwilling to believe
that there would be any benefits.


> He has not done anything to raise it above the level of
> anecdote.


So you don't think that the daily records of mileages on a trip of that
length amounts to any more than "anecdotal"?

And how would you "raise" data to something above anecdotal? I have the
feeling that we are talking at cross-purposes here. Anecdotal data would not
be a series of mileage entries. It would be something on the order of, "I
must've paddled 100 miles that day."

The fact that Caffyn is an "expert" makes it an anecdote
> worth paying attention to, but his conclusions are still capable
> being mistaken.


Well, aren't all conclusions capable of being mistaken? And, again, why
would his records be anecdotal?


Craig Jungers
Royal City, WA
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From: Nick Schade <nick_at_guillemot-kayaks.com>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] Rudder redux
Date: Wed, 4 Jul 2007 10:04:59 -0400 (EDT)
> On 7/3/07, Nick Schade <nick_at_guillemot-kayaks.com> wrote:
>
>> I guess I don't see any statistics here.
>
>
> Caffyn took his average daily mileage before rudder installation and
> compared it with his average daily mileage after rudder installation and
> published that figure. That is a statstical analysis; however rudimentary

He essentially divided one long distance by a long time (e.g 1000 miles in
25 days or whatever) and compared it to another long distance divided by
another long time in a different place. While these are averages, they
aren't statistics.

Statistics require multiple samples and they should be interspersed with
each other.

>
>> He has not done anything to raise it above the level of
>> anecdote.
>
>
> So you don't think that the daily records of mileages on a trip of that
> length amounts to any more than "anecdotal"?
>
> And how would you "raise" data to something above anecdotal? I have the
> feeling that we are talking at cross-purposes here. Anecdotal data would
> not
> be a series of mileage entries. It would be something on the order of, "I
> must've paddled 100 miles that day."
>
No, a series of consecutive days doing the same thing are just one sample.
Precise data from one incident is still anecdotal. Caffyn would have to
have, at the very least, randomly alternated between rudder and non-rudder
a couple times during his trip to produce statistical results. Instead he
did one thing on the first part of his trip and something different on the
later part.

> The fact that Caffyn is an "expert" makes it an anecdote
>> worth paying attention to, but his conclusions are still capable
>> being mistaken.
>
>
> Well, aren't all conclusions capable of being mistaken? And, again, why
> would his records be anecdotal?

Because, despite the fact that the data was taken over multiple days it
amounts to just one incident.

Nick
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From: Craig Jungers <crjungers_at_gmail.com>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] Rudder redux
Date: Wed, 4 Jul 2007 10:08:34 -0700
On 7/4/07, Nick Schade <nick_at_guillemot-kayaks.com> wrote:
>
> While these are averages, they aren't statistics.
>
> Statistics require multiple samples and they should be interspersed with
> each other.


This might surprise a lot of statisticians.


> Because, despite the fact that the data was taken over multiple days it
> amounts to just one incident.
>

According to this theory a person who collects daily readings from his
thermometer, barometer, hydrometer and hygrometer every morning for 30 years
has only one incident.


Craig Jungers
Royal City, WA
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From: Dan Hagen <dan_at_hagen.net>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] Rudder redux
Date: Tue, 03 Jul 2007 22:32:12 -0700
The fastest kayaks are rudder-free, although steering a rudder-free
kayak can be hard on the arms.  For those who want incontrovertible
proof (of both points), please see the following video, which was filmed
at a lake in Iceland:

http://tinyurl.com/26dcgp

You'll notice that part way through the video the kayaker is referred to
as "canoe boy", reflecting a continuing confusion among our British
colleagues over proper use of the term "canoe" .

I'm pleased to finally resolve this debate, once and for all.

Dan Hagen
Bellingham, Washington
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From: Mark Sanders <sandmarks_at_ca.rr.com>
subject: RE: [Paddlewise] Rudder redux
Date: Tue, 3 Jul 2007 22:47:39 -0700
Yeah, that guy was on our whale hunt today. He couldn't keep up!

-----Original Message-----



The fastest kayaks are rudder-free, although steering a rudder-free
kayak can be hard on the arms.  For those who want incontrovertible
proof (of both points), please see the following video, which was filmed
at a lake in Iceland:

http://tinyurl.com/26dcgp

You'll notice that part way through the video the kayaker is referred to
as "canoe boy", reflecting a continuing confusion among our British
colleagues over proper use of the term "canoe" .

I'm pleased to finally resolve this debate, once and for all.

Dan Hagen
Bellingham, Washington
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From: Nick Schade <nick_at_guillemot-kayaks.com>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] Rudder redux
Date: Tue, 3 Jul 2007 15:51:42 -0400
On Jul 2, 2007, at 10:08 PM, Craig Jungers wrote:

> Anecdotal evidence is generally held to be that given by untrained  
> observers
> or hearsay ("I heard bob said he went faster with a rudder").  
> Caffyn's data
> (not his "report" - whatever that is) is a written record of miles  
> travelled
> over a long period of time set down by an expert in the field. So when
> Caffyn states that he thought the rudder made him go faster that  
> may be
> anecdotal. But when he says that the statistics indicate that he  
> went faster
> with a rudder it's not anecdotal. But, of course, one can do a lot  
> with
> statistics.


I guess I don't see any statistics here. There is a sample of one.  
Caffyn found a difference with previous experience only once. It  
happened to occur over a long stretch of coast immediately after a  
previous long stretch of coast, but it is still only one single  
event. Statistics require several samples. This is not statistical  
data, but a report of an observation and one man's perception of what  
was going on. He has not done anything to raise it above the level of  
anecdote. The fact that Caffyn is an "expert" makes it an anecdote  
worth paying attention to, but his conclusions are still capable  
being mistaken.

Nick Schade

Guillemot Kayaks
824 Thompson St
Glastonbury, CT 06033
USA
Ph/Fx: (860) 659-8847
http://www.guillemot-kayaks.com/
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From: Marilyn Kircus <mkircus_at_sbcglobal.net>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] New Hampshire and Mass paddling
Date: Tue, 3 Jul 2007 16:33:24 -0700 (PDT)
I brought my fast little solo canoe and both single and double blades with me to Groton, MA  and am looking for both suggestions for interesting paddles and organized trips.  I can keep up with moderate sea kayaks and tandem canoes and  can handle up to class II water and 2 foot waves with this boat. 

I would like to paddle less than 2 hours from here. So far I've only paddled on the Nashua river. 

Thanks. 

Marilyn Kircus


Who dares to teach must never cease to learn.                        

John Cotton Dana
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From: Kirk Olsen <kork4_at_cluemail.com>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] New Hampshire and Mass paddling
Date: Wed, 04 Jul 2007 10:52:41 -0400
[Please remove all old content that is not pertinent to your reply
including old headers and footers.  It's list policy.... 
this post was modified to meet policy - bad posting technique by the
moderator... ]

On Tue, 3 Jul 2007 16:33:24 -0700 (PDT), "Marilyn Kircus"
<mkircus_at_sbcglobal.net> said:
> I brought my fast little solo canoe and both single and double blades
> with me to Groton, MA  and am looking for both suggestions for
> interesting paddles and organized trips.  I can keep up with moderate sea
> kayaks and tandem canoes and  can handle up to class II water and 2 foot
> waves with this boat. 
> 
> I would like to paddle less than 2 hours from here. So far I've only
> paddled on the Nashua river. 

Lots of good choices in the area.  http://www.nspn.org is very active
local sea kayak club.

Starting close to you and heading east (I'm not that familiar with the
choices west and north of groton and will leave that up to others):

The concord river from Billerica to concord is nice.  It can get crowded
on weekends.  

The shawsheen from dascomb road in andover or upstream of ballardvale
can be a pleasant quiet water paddle, it's not as good when it's hot and
the water gets low.

Sections of the merrimack river can be fun.  Below 495 from Lawrence to
haverhill there's not much development along the river.  Or if you put
in in Lawrence (near 28), to head upstream toward lowell there's a big
launch area.  On weekends I expect it's a bit busy.  I paddle there off
season.  The parking is near a not so nice neighborhood (I've never had
problems there) and the river gets nice amazingly quickly.  Frequently
there's a bald eagle hanging out in the trees just west of route 93,
there's only about a dozen buildings and a golf course along the south
shore of the river from the launch site up to Lowell.  There are a
couple launch sites, on the merrimack, in west newbury - you have the
chance of bald eagles both up and down stream from the launch site, the
water is a bit quicker, it's a further drive too, with less development
along both banks.  

Driving further I love paddling in the mouth of the Piscataqua,  Launch
behind Frisbee's store in Kittery point maine for some nice exploring,
stick to the creek behind gerrish island, lunch at chauncey's creek is
an great excuse to go up the creek.  Or on the south of the river mouth
behind new castle island(I'm not sure of launch sites behind new
castle).

Driving a bit further into Mass, the Ipswich river in Topsfield/Danvers
is a popular canoe destination.

One of my summer favorites is paddling essex bay, in Essex
Massachusetts, or paddling out from the Ipswich river and have lunch on
the south tip of plum island, or the sandbar opposite Cranes beach.  If
the weather is calm this is a fun place to be - it's also the site of
Keith Attenborough's rescue so it can be an ugly place to be if the
conditions get rough.


Kirk
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From: Michael Daly <michaeldaly_at_greatlakeskayaker.ca>
subject: [Paddlewise] [SPAM] Re: Rudder redux
Date: Mon, 02 Jul 2007 14:16:54 -0400
Craig Jungers wrote:

> An unruddered kayak might perform poorly in following seas compared to the
> same kayak with a deep draft rudder.

Then the flaw is in the kayak.  Using a rudder to fix a flawed kayak is 
not proof that a rudder is the solution to every problem or that a 
rudder will make any kayak "better".  You seem to be avoiding this basic 
fact.  Just because he benefited from a rudder proves nothing about 
rudders.  What he has shown is his _kayak_ is better with the rudder. 
Unless he isolates the effect of the rudder from the kayak, he shows us 
nothing.

> Repeat his test, collect some data, and see for yourself.

I've already done such - read my previous post.  Some kayaks benefit 
greatly because they are badly designed kayaks.  Some do not benefit in 
any apparent way if they are well designed kayaks.  What is significant 
is whether a _good_ kayak benefits significantly from a rudder.  I 
haven't seen that.  I have seen rudders used to compensate for a badly 
designed kayak.  Caffyn's data suggests he has a rudder on a bad kayak.


> Clearly it does. It's data. It's recorded. It's not opinion or hearsay.

It's not based on any substantial analysis nor does it come with any 
relevant data on the test environment.

> Just criticising it on the basis that he had no "control" 

Data in the absence of control is just circumstantial anecdote.


 > (I would think that his kayak prior to the rudder was a pretty
 > decent control, actually)

Based on what?  His kayak sans rudder is not measured relative to 
anything else.  What is the standard that is used to define the baseline 
of what a kayak should be without a rudder?  A Pintail without skeg?  A 
WW kayak with inherent longitudinal instability?  A Mariner that was 
never designed for a rudder?  An ICF racer?

 > is both unfair to Paul Caffyn and to the paddling
 > community at large.

It is more unfair to claim that something worthwhile is known about 
rudders by taking the information at face value and misleading people 
about rudders.  We need real results, not religious worship of Caffyn's 
anecdotes.

Mike
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From: Matt Broze <marinerkayaks_at_msn.com>
subject: Re:[Paddlewise] [SPAM] Re: Re: Rudder redux
Date: Mon, 2 Jul 2007 11:04:09 -0700
Craig Jungers wrote:
> I think that there are other factors that could have resulted in such 
> a large difference. Prevailing winds, for one thing.

Michael responded:
>>>>>>How?  If the winds affect the ruddered kayak, they affect an
unruddered kayak.  If the ruddered performs poorly in those winds unless the
rudder is used and the unruddered is not so seriously affected, then the
problem is the ruddered kayak and the solution is not the rudder.<<<<<<<<<

I think Craig meant that because the non-rudder kayaking was done early in
the trip condition then could have been such that Paul spend a lot of time
bucking headwinds but didn't do so as much later in the trip when he was
using the rudder. 
Also Paul started the trip in the colder South and moved North up the East
Coast into much warmer waters. For every 10 degrees F the water temperature
goes up the friction goes down about 2.5%. I don't know what the actual
differences are here but I imagine there could be a better than 30 degree
difference from when he started without the rudder to when he was measuring
his mileage with one.

Paul would have needed to trade off at least every few days if not every few
hours to make a fair comparison. Unless he wrote down all the factors each
day (including water temperature and wind speed and direction/relative to
his direction) he would have no way to make a good comparison.

Further, his conditioning and efficiency of stroking may well have improved
over time during the trip (which I suspect it did even if he started out as
a highly skilled paddler--as he certainly did).

Matt Broze
www.marinerkayaks.com  
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