RE: [Paddlewise] Cold and skills

From: PeterO <rebyl_kayak_at_energysustained.com>
Date: Sat, 22 May 2010 01:14:17 +1000
Dave wrote
SNIP
>In short, no.  Unlike bears and other similar mammals, we are not able to 
>metabolize fat effectively without a carbohydrate input.  And, we do not 
>store enough carbohydrate (as glycogen) in our bodies to use much stored 
>fat as an energy source.
SNIP
>Peter, I think your skepticism about the insulating value of fat is 
>misplaced.  Never mind there is not air trapped in it ... blubber is a very

>good insulator.  Just ask a whale.  Remember, they are mammals, also.
SNIP


G'Day

Thanks Dave for the analysis. I agree that my use of "solidly built" and
"body mass" wasn't very precise and probably I'm too precious about
describing a body as "fat". 

So I'll talk about mass when describing energy sources for example a gram of
carbohydrate vs. a gram of fat and I'll use length when talking about
insulators for example comparing the insulation of an inch of blubber with
an inch thickness of clothing.

Many of my friends who have plenty of muscle and fat could last all day in
water that had me mildly hypothermic in an hour or two, even while I was
wearing a dry suit on one occasion. Hence my doubts.

I've just done a quick check on thermal conductivities of muscle and fat
using Google scholar. Their conductivities when isolated are only different
by a factor of x2 while being greater than air by a factor of 10. In living
tissue their 'effective' conductivities appear to overlap and to be 10 to 40
time greater than air. However this latter study seemed to depend on the
degree of vascularisation. The last reference below at the bottom of this
post gives a list of biological thermal conductivities.

Given the conductivities involved, I'm finding it hard to grasp how human
subcutaneous fat, blubber, whatever, is a sufficiently good insulator, to
explain the survival of inadequately clothed people in the sea for three
days. Its ability to insulate is certainly necessary but I still wonder if
the reason that low fat bodies can't take the cold is also due to lack of
the energy that fat may be able to provide.

Regarding metabolising fat we might not be very good at it but we can still
use it as an energy source although its last in speed of use in the chain
from: blood sugar, glycogen in muscle, carbohydrate and then fat. From your
comments it sounds as if we may not be able to metabolise fat fast enough? I
can see that's true for using fats as an energy source in exercise but is it
true for maintaining body heat? 

Maybe a useful emergency food would be a combination of carbohydrate and
fat, but I suspect people with plenty of fat would win hands down - the
premise being that they can store more in their bodies than most kayakers
could in a dry bag or PFD.

I'm no expert but can't say I'm convinced yet.

BTW this isn't a surreptitious plug for Mars bars and I don't own shares in
any chocolate factories.

Some references - the first acknowledges the value of fat as an insulator in
channel swimmers but also references the factor of two conductivity
difference from muscle.

	http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v178/n4524/abs/178087b0.html

	http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v168/n4282/abs/168918a0.html

	http://users.ece.utexas.edu/~valvano/research/Thermal.pdf

	
http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/mksg/sms/2004/00000014/00000002/art000
03 Abstract on fat metabolism

All the best, PeterO
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Received on Fri May 21 2010 - 08:14:29 PDT

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