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From: Julio MacWilliams <juliom_at_cisco.com>
subject: [Paddlewise] Landing a victim through surf
Date: Thu, 5 Nov 1998 11:14:56 -0800 (PST)
Scenario: 

The victim is hypothermic after capsizing several times
in his brand new tipy boat. He should not have joined the trip with
his level of skill. But now, it is the group's mission to land the
victim to safety through dumping surf.

The best thing to do is to turn on the radio and call the Coast Guard
so that they come and take the victim in their boat.
BUT, let us assume that any help is outside of radio range, and the only
option left is landing the victim ASAP.  

What would you do? (not a rethoric question, I really want to know
your ideas)


My aproach would be to tie a line to the stern of the victim's kayak
and send a good paddler with the other end to the beach. Then I would
tie another long line to the bow of the victim.

 rescuer at sea---line---~~~victim in surf~~~---line---rescuer in beach

The job of the rescuer at sea is to keep the victim's kayak perpendicular
to the waves. The job of the rescuer on the beach is to watch for the
right set of waves to pull the victim to the beach.

If the victim can not brace, then I might be possible to do the same
thing without the kayak, but giving the victim additional flotation
to hang on to. However, the victim is already hypothermic.


I know this scenario is one of those without a good solution, that
is why I am presenting it to the safety conscious people in this list.

Comments, please?

- Julio
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From: John Somers <somers_at_utmbrt.utmb.edu>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] Landing a victim through surf
Date: Thu, 05 Nov 1998 14:14:49 -0600
At 11:14 AM 11/5/98 -0800, Julio wrote:
>Scenario: 
>
>The victim is hypothermic after capsizing several times
>in his brand new tipy boat.  now, it is the group's mission to land the
>victim to safety through dumping surf.

Julio, how about this:

If the victim can not brace, 

 ~~~~~~~victim in surf~~~---line---rescuer in beach
~~~rescuer in surf

The job of the rescuer at sea is to keep the victim's kayak upright and
perpendicular to the waves, facing towards the waves. That Rescuer will use
a short line from his/her deck to the victim's deck, possibly also bridging
between the two decks with a secured paddle.  Those two boats would be
side-by-side, but staggered to allow the surf rescuer to use his paddle
effectively. If the victim can help hold his boat to the rescuer's boat
that will help, but should not be relied on in surf. Any line or paddle
connecting boats must be releasable by the rescuers in case of necessity.
The job of the rescuer on the beach is to watch for the right set of waves
and to pull both the victim and the other rescuer to the beach.

	This is a very good and realistic question you have posed.  I strongly
advocate group practice of any proposed solutions to help flush out the
non-obvious pros and cons.

	Keep on thinkin'!
	John



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From: Sisler, Clyde <Clyde.Sisler_at_wang.com>
subject: RE: [Paddlewise] Landing a victim through surf
Date: Thu, 5 Nov 1998 15:42:46 -0500
 rescuer at sea---line---~~~victim in surf~~~---line---rescuer in beach

> That could be a very long line.  If it doesn't stretch that far, bring the
beach guy back out and shepard the victim in, one on either side of him.
His/her job is simply to keep the 3 boats rafted.

> I don't have any practical experience and more than likely would be the
guy in the middle.  

> The fastest way in might be to just let him dump again and let the surf
take him in :-).  Been there, done that.  Not in any homongous surf though.

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From: K. Whilden <kwhilden_at_u.washington.edu>
subject: RE: [Paddlewise] Landing a victim through surf
Date: Thu, 5 Nov 1998 13:41:53 -0800 (PST)
In my opinion, having two or more adjacent kayaks landing together in
close proximity through dumping surf is a TERRIBLE idea. Sea kayaks are
very difficult to control in the surf, and almost always turn immediately
into a broach. The forces incorporated into a surfing sea kayak are
tremendous. If the victim and rescuer(s) are caught by the same wave, then
chances of a brutal collision are very high. I think that this would put
the rescuer AND rescuee into greater danger than before, which is a
cardinal sin in any kind of rescue.

Cheers,
kevin
	 ___________________                                                            
	/   Kevin Whilden   \
       |Dept. of Geosciences \___
       |University of Washington \
       |kwhilden_at_u.washington.edu| 
        \________________________/                       

On Thu, 5 Nov 1998, Sisler, Clyde wrote:

>  rescuer at sea---line---~~~victim in surf~~~---line---rescuer in beach
> 
> > That could be a very long line.  If it doesn't stretch that far, bring the
> beach guy back out and shepard the victim in, one on either side of him.
> His/her job is simply to keep the 3 boats rafted.
> 
> > I don't have any practical experience and more than likely would be the
> guy in the middle.  
> 
> > The fastest way in might be to just let him dump again and let the surf
> take him in :-).  Been there, done that.  Not in any homongous surf though.
> 
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From: <JCMARTIN43_at_aol.com>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] Landing a victim through surf
Date: Thu, 5 Nov 1998 16:13:53 EST
In a message dated 98-11-05 14:19:08 EST, juliom_at_cisco.com writes:

<< The victim is hypothermic after capsizing several times
 in his brand new tipy boat. He should not have joined the trip with
 his level of skill. But now, it is the group's mission to land the
 victim to safety through dumping surf.
 
 The best thing to do is to turn on the radio and call the Coast Guard
 so that they come and take the victim in their boat. >>

Interesting scenario, Julio.  Have been watching a few of the early comments,
and they're all interesting.  

To the question of calling the Coast Guard to pull the guy out --- unless
you're right off a manned USCG station, it's going to take them a while to get
there.  (From my experience flying SAR missions with them, it's going to take
a <long> while.)  And victims don't get less hypothermic with time --- they
get worse, and they get worse faster with time.  Don't think anyone's
commented on that issue yet, but getting the USCG out there <quickly> is
probably not going to be viable in most instances.  You've gotta get this guy
onto the beach fast.

But you don't really have to worry about his boat.  If he's, in fact,
hypothermic --- irrational, uncontrolled shaking, unable to help himself ---
his boat may now be his worst enemy.  <He> can't take care of it, and another
paddler or two trying to raft up with him is only going to complicate the
issue, especially in dumping surf.  You get two guys on either side of him ---
and I'll assume that nobody in the group is really experienced in surf rescues
--- and somebody's going to be wearing somebody else's kayak pretty soon.
>From my experience, there's no way you're going to safely land two or three
rafted boats in dumping surf, especially when one of these folks is totally
incapacitated.

Without thinking further, my reaction would be to get most of the group onto
the beach fast, and then get the hypothermic paddler out of his boat and send
him in with another swimmer --- hopefully with a solid paddlefloat or some
other solid flotation device in addition to the PFD.  No long lines --- no
short lines.  Or somebody's going to be wearing <them> around their necks,
too.  The paddlers on the beach help the swimmer when he gets the victim in
close, once he's through the impact zone.  One last paddler stays with the
empty boats and sends them in on their own later, when the area is clear.

My thoughts.

Jack Martin
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From: K. Whilden <kwhilden_at_u.washington.edu>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] Landing a victim through surf
Date: Thu, 5 Nov 1998 13:55:16 -0800 (PST)
I should add that I really like Jack's scenario below. A couple of
improvements would be to copy what lifeguards do to rescue incapacitated
swimmers through surf. Do they use those orange bouys, or do they
physically hold onto the swimmer? I never did junior lifeguards, so I have
no idea, although I might guess that they use both depending on the state
of the swimmer and the surf. Are there any beach lifeguards on this list?

One other idea is that it might work to send strong swimmers back out to
bring in the abandoned kayaks once the rescue is completed. This depends
on the swimmers and the surf.

Good scenario, Jack!

- KW

 On Thu, 5 Nov 1998 JCMARTIN43_at_aol.com wrote:

> Without thinking further, my reaction would be to get most of the group onto
> the beach fast, and then get the hypothermic paddler out of his boat and send
> him in with another swimmer --- hopefully with a solid paddlefloat or some
> other solid flotation device in addition to the PFD.  No long lines --- no
> short lines.  Or somebody's going to be wearing <them> around their necks,
> too.  The paddlers on the beach help the swimmer when he gets the victim in
> close, once he's through the impact zone.  One last paddler stays with the
> empty boats and sends them in on their own later, when the area is clear.
> 
> My thoughts.
> 
> Jack Martin
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From: Kirk Olsen <kolsen_at_imagelan.com>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] Landing a victim through surf
Date: Fri, 6 Nov 1998 10:43:59 -0500 (EST)
On Thu, 5 Nov 1998, K. Whilden wrote:

> I should add that I really like Jack's scenario below. A couple of
> improvements would be to copy what lifeguards do to rescue incapacitated
> swimmers through surf. Do they use those orange bouys, or do they
> physically hold onto the swimmer?

Around here there tend to be 3 choices of equipment for the life guards,
a double handled "torpedo", an oversized flotation belt with a short (roughly
3 foot) tow rope with shoulder loop, and an overstuffed surfboard.

In dumping waves I would probably chose the retrieval belt.  The harness
loop goes over the rescuers shoulder and the flotation belt goes around the
swimmers chest, the swimmer then gets towed in backwards.  With the short
tow rope you get to keep the swimmer away from you.

Lifeguards want to avoid getting in grabbing range of the 
swimmer.  The standard ingrained mantra is "reach, row, throw, go".

kirk
long ago a life guard
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From: <rdiaz_at_ix.netcom.com>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] Landing a victim through surf
Date: Thu, 05 Nov 1998 17:03:12 -0800
JCMARTIN43_at_aol.com wrote:
> 
> But you don't really have to worry about his boat.  If he's, in fact,
> hypothermic --- irrational, uncontrolled shaking, unable to help himself ---
> his boat may now be his worst enemy.  <He> can't take care of it, and another
> paddler or two trying to raft up with him is only going to complicate the
> issue, especially in dumping surf.  You get two guys on either side of him ---
> and I'll assume that nobody in the group is really experienced in surf rescues
> --- and somebody's going to be wearing somebody else's kayak pretty soon.
> >From my experience, there's no way you're going to safely land two or three
> rafted boats in dumping surf, especially when one of these folks is totally
> incapacitated.
> 
> Without thinking further, my reaction would be to get most of the group onto
> the beach fast, and then get the hypothermic paddler out of his boat and send
> him in with another swimmer --- hopefully with a solid paddlefloat or some
> other solid flotation device in addition to the PFD.  No long lines --- no
> short lines.  Or somebody's going to be wearing <them> around their necks,
> too.  The paddlers on the beach help the swimmer when he gets the victim in
> close, once he's through the impact zone.  One last paddler stays with the
> empty boats and sends them in on their own later, when the area is clear.
> 
> My thoughts.
> 
> Jack Martin

Jack's thoughts seem to be the most practical.  All that talk of lines
to and fro and rafted up paddlers coming through surf sounded screwy and
dangerous.  In the first idea, using lines fore and aft, the hypothermic
guy in his tippy boat would not able to keep his boat upright and would
wind up spinning like that old game of spinning a button on a line. 
Rafted boats would collide, shoulders would get wrenched trying to hold
boats together, hands and fingers broken, etc.

The only other possible solution, assuming that the whole situation
started outside the surf zone would be to transfer the guy to a more
stable boat.  Then someone, a swimmer, would hang on to the back of the
boat as a sea anchor guiding it in through the surf letting every wave
push them both closer to the beach.  Yes, some paddlers going in earlier
would be there to help the last few yards.  The virtue of this approach
with the hypothermic paddler is that it keeps him in the boat and out of
the cold water which would only make his hypothermia worsen.

My understanding from some military stuff I have heard is that in real
rough Australian surf, Aussie military teams in double folding kayaks
will have one of the team members become a swimmer and hang on to the
rear of the boat to act as that sea anchor or rudder.  This technique
slows progress into the beach and keeps the boat from broaching.  (The
military rudder has a handhold cut into it that is lined with rubber
just so the swimmer can do precisely that.)  Now this normally has the
remaining team member who is in the boat doing some propelling, bracing,
ruddering etc with his paddle.  But in the emergency situation posited
by Julio just getting the victim to be a lump in the boat would probably
be good enough.

Joe Weight who paddled a double folding kayak solo from Grenada to
Puerto Rico would regularly swim his loaded kayak in that way when he
faced surf he was concerned about navigating. So it is a fairly well
tried out technique.  (In exiting through real rough stuff, he would tie
the boat to himself and tow it out.)  In his case and in the case of the
Aussie military all carried swim fins (it's part of their job
description).  So much more control and power could be applied during
the swim in with the boat using fins.  I guess in the group facing
Julio's emergency, the person in the group with the biggest feet should
be designated the swimmer.  :-)

ralph diaz 
-- 
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ralph Diaz . . . Folding Kayaker newsletter
PO Box 0754, New York, NY 10024
Tel: 212-724-5069; E-mail: rdiaz_at_ix.netcom.com
"Where's your sea kayak?"----"It's in the bag."
-----------------------------------------------------------------------

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From: Glyn Dickson <paddling_perfection_at_clear.net.nz>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] Landing a victim through surf
Date: Fri, 06 Nov 98 14:00:51 PST
Julio,

Great scenario. We were in a similar position a couple of years back. 
After breaking through a small surf in fog, we found that the swell had 
come up overnight and we had waves up to 6-8 feet breaking on two 
outlying bars. Out of the 8 paddlers, 3 were capsized and swam, one 
capsized and rolled, and I rolled under one big ugly one that was about 
to break right on top of me.

After getting back together in the fog we headed away. A while late 
one of the group became sea sick. Following some discussion two of 
us towed him. He wnated to be anywhere but in the boat, and we 
ended up doing a recce at the next beach up. Despite the large surf, 
there were very clear rip channels where we could have towed him in 
with negligible surf. We elected to carry on to get slack water at a tide 
race, and then landed in comparative shelter around an hour later. 
Even though it was summer and warm, he ended up mildly hypothermic 
which because of our paddling and the temperature surprised us (not 
always easy to put yourself in the victim's position). We all lived to tell 
the tale, but it was a major learning experience.

In terms of landing a victim through surf... I have always found that in 
big surf, rip channels etc become better formed as all that water has to 
flow out somewhere. The only way to see them clearly however is to be 
on the beach, and perferably up above it. You may be surprised how 
often there is an easy approach where it may be possible to tow in. 
Consequently you would need to scout the beach first, or have 
someone there to guide you in.

If there is no easy way in, I would certainly never attempt to tow or raft 
up. In fact the thought of this gives me the shudders as even small surf 
turns kayaks into lethal projectiles! In large dumping surf even a strong 
swimmer could be in difficulty, and bouyant items (people swimming 
with PFD's) are more likely to be caught in a breaking waves and 
tumbled. Some of the highly surf skilled people I know never ever 
where PFD's while surf paddling for this very reason. There's only one 
relatively safe place in the break zone, and that's deep underwater!

I would place the odds high trying to swim in the incapacitated 
person could drown them. Lifeguards tend to use an overgrown surf 
board or surf ski (assuming of course you don't carry an inflatable 
rubber ducky and outboard motor with you in your kayak..) so they can 
deck-carry the swimmer in, and allow the wave's force to carry them in.

So if possible to carry them in on the stern deck of one boat, I guess 
that would be my preferred option (more shuddering!).

Yep, great scenario, and fascinating responses!

Glyn Dickson
Auckland
Paddling Perfection New Zealand
Finest Quality Handcrafted Kayaks
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From: Greg Stamer <gstamer_at_magicnet.net>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] Landing a victim through surf
Date: Fri, 06 Nov 1998 08:49:17 -0500
My initial reaction was that I would have the victim swim to shore with a
support team on the beach assisted by a strong swimmer in the water. Some
of the responses on this thread have been very thought-provoking.

Carrying a swimmer on the aft deck, with a hold on your waist might be a
good solution depending on your circumstances but my belief is that the
victim would probably not hang on long in violent surf. I usually side-surf
the kayak to the beach in rough surf and this would leave the victim
struggling to hold on and possibly getting hit by the paddle should they
pivot around perpendicular to the keel. Perhaps keeping the bow to the surf
and landing backwards would be a better approach, but sooner or later the
boat will broach. As someone else has noted, even if the victim falls off,
they would at least be closer to shore than if they had started swimming.
If you successfully arrive near the beach carrying the victim, I would
prefer to have the victim drop off and swim the remaining yards to the
beach rather than risk the kayak injuring the victim upon landing (the
kayak could roll or entrap a limb while sliding up the beach). 

Ralph's idea of putting the victim in a stable boat and having a strong
swimmer guide them to shore has merit. As an enhancement, I would place a
paddlefloat over each end of the victim's paddle blades outside of the surf
zone. If the victim has enough strength and dexterity to hold the paddle,
this might add to the chance of success.

Greg Stamer 



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From: K. Whilden <kwhilden_at_u.washington.edu>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] Landing a victim through surf
Date: Thu, 5 Nov 1998 13:33:50 -0800 (PST)
Julio,
My intial reaction to your scenario is how long are the lines that you
typically carry? I use a 50 foot line for towing, which is a good
length for this purpose. I do not carry anything longer. With two 50 foot
lines, then chances are that the two rescuers in your proposed solution
would also be in the surf, which would make it rather impossible for the
rescuers to do anything but watch out for their own necks.

Even if the lines were long enough to permit the rescuers to stay outside
of the surf zone, I think it would folly of the highest degree to attempt
to hold on to a rope which is also attached to a sea kayak being surfed by
a wave. Can you imagine the forces? Worst case scenario is having your arm
ripped out of your socket.

One possible solution to this scenario would be to use a sea anchor or
drogue to keep the paddle facing perpindicular to the waves while he is
backing in towards shore. I personally would not want to take the pounding
that this would produce in dumping surf, but it might be better than
having the hypotherminc person swim to shore. Of course, given your
scenario, a swim is probably likely in any case. This person is probably
in big trouble.

Of course, the cop-out answer to your scenario is simply "don't get into
this situation in the first place". I would be quite careful of taking
anyonewith questionable skills into an area with dumping surf.

Hope this helps,
Kevin


	 ___________________                                                            
	/   Kevin Whilden   \
       |Dept. of Geosciences \___
       |University of Washington \
       |kwhilden_at_u.washington.edu| 
        \________________________/                       

On Thu, 5 Nov 1998, Julio MacWilliams wrote:

> Scenario: 
> 
> The victim is hypothermic after capsizing several times
> in his brand new tipy boat. He should not have joined the trip with
> his level of skill. But now, it is the group's mission to land the
> victim to safety through dumping surf.
> 
> The best thing to do is to turn on the radio and call the Coast Guard
> so that they come and take the victim in their boat.
> BUT, let us assume that any help is outside of radio range, and the only
> option left is landing the victim ASAP.  
> 
> What would you do? (not a rethoric question, I really want to know
> your ideas)
> 
> 
> My aproach would be to tie a line to the stern of the victim's kayak
> and send a good paddler with the other end to the beach. Then I would
> tie another long line to the bow of the victim.
> 
>  rescuer at sea---line---~~~victim in surf~~~---line---rescuer in beach
> 
> The job of the rescuer at sea is to keep the victim's kayak perpendicular
> to the waves. The job of the rescuer on the beach is to watch for the
> right set of waves to pull the victim to the beach.
> 
> If the victim can not brace, then I might be possible to do the same
> thing without the kayak, but giving the victim additional flotation
> to hang on to. However, the victim is already hypothermic.
> 
> 
> I know this scenario is one of those without a good solution, that
> is why I am presenting it to the safety conscious people in this list.
> 
> Comments, please?
> 
> - Julio
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From: Patrick Maun <pmaun_at_bitstream.net>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] Landing a victim through surf
Date: Thu, 5 Nov 1998 15:36:45 -0600
>Scenario:

>I know this scenario is one of those without a good solution, that
>is why I am presenting it to the safety conscious people in this list.
>
>Comments, please?

What about a contact tow with the victim holding onto your bow? This might
offer a more stable approach through the surf.

Any problems with this?

-Patrick

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Patrick Maun
pmaun_at_bitstream.net


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From: <JCMARTIN43_at_aol.com>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] Landing a victim through surf
Date: Thu, 5 Nov 1998 17:17:16 EST
In a message dated 98-11-05 17:01:33 EST, kwhilden_at_u.washington.edu writes:

<< 
 One other idea is that it might work to send strong swimmers back out to
 bring in the abandoned kayaks once the rescue is completed. This depends
 on the swimmers and the surf. >>

I'd be very careful with that idea, I think.  The boats' cockpits will have
filled up by then --- I hope Julio's rules were that only bulkheaded composite
boats or plastic boats with bulkheads <and> flotation bags could be used ---
and are going to be very heavy.  An onshore breeze and the surf will bring
them in eventually.  A swimmer will have a lot of trouble controlling a
flooded boat, and could get into serious problems trying.  I think I'd send
the fastest guys out running to a phone or the nearest Bay Watch stand, and
I'd put the other slower, fatter warmer guys in a plastic body bag with the
victim to try to stablilize or reverse his temperature drop.

I'm also very interested in hearing what the surf lifeguards would do.  With a
kayaker, you've got a little more to get a grip on than with a swimmer.  (And
Julio's rules <did>, of course, include helmets, right?)  The collision
factor, even with a rescuer and a non-cooperative rescuee --- who could be
combative by now, depending how many times we've whopped him upside the head
with a paddle trying to get him upright again --- would be a real dangerous
situation for an average sea kayaker.

Jack Martin
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From: John Somers <somers_at_utmbrt.utmb.edu>
subject: RE: [Paddlewise] Landing a victim through surf
Date: Thu, 05 Nov 1998 16:37:28 -0600
>on Thu, 5 Nov 1998, Sisler, Clyde wrote:
>> > That could be a very long line.  If it doesn't stretch that far, bring
the
>> beach guy back out and shepard the victim in, one on either side of him.
>> His/her job is simply to keep the 3 boats rafted.
>> 
At 01:41 PM 11/5/98 -0800, Kevin wrote:
>In my opinion, having two or more adjacent kayaks landing together in
>close proximity through dumping surf is a TERRIBLE idea. Sea kayaks are
>very difficult to control in the surf, and almost always turn immediately
>into a broach. The forces incorporated into a surfing sea kayak are
>tremendous. If the victim and rescuer(s) are caught by the same wave, then
>chances of a brutal collision are very high. I think that this would put
>the rescuer AND rescuee into greater danger than before, which is a
>cardinal sin in any kind of rescue.


Both have stated valid concerns, and there are others.  But it seems to me
that a lot depends on what level of surf we're dealing with, as well as
what level of incapacitation of the victim.  What may work in 2-3 foot
dumpers won't necessarily work in 4-8 foot or larger surf.  That's why
trying it out for real and practicing it will help develop the paddlers'
judgment required to know the difference and to assess the situation when
it confronts us.
	Wish someone will tell us what they've actually tried, along with a very
complete description of the conditions and resulting observations.  I
recall Steph Dutton describing in Sea Kayaker magazine his use of a drogue
to counter broaching, and then backing into the beach through some really
big breakers, both solo and with two boats linked by a towline.  But that
was not with a hypothermic or unconscious paddler.
	
	May everybody's surfing be intentional,
	or at least fun!

	John



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From: Mark Zen <canoeist_at_netbox.com>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] Landing a victim through surf
Date: Thu, 05 Nov 1998 16:36:45 -0700
At 11:14 05-11-98 -0800, Julio MacWilliams <juliom_at_cisco.com> wrote:
[snip]
>
> rescuer at sea---line---~~~victim in surf~~~---line---rescuer in beach

boat --- rope --- neck --- rope --- boat

====
 |
 |
 |
 O
 =
 ^
/|\
 |
 ^
/ \

>
>Comments, please?
>
[snip]
strangulation, waiting to happen. guy tips over boat fills, and rolls, spinning the
rope that was yanked out of the other's hands, and wrapping it around the victim's 
neck, and he either gets a broken neck, or strangles??

ropes are dangerous around moving water...

mark

[sorry, no solutions off the top of my head, this doesn't happen where i sea kayak!!]

#------canoeist[at]netbox[dot]com--------------------------------------
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#~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~_at_~~~~~~~_at_~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~_at_~~~~~~~~_at_~~~~~
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Rocky Mtn Sea Kayak Club, Colorado River Flows, Poudre Paddlers
The Colorado Paddlers' Resource, Rocky Mtn Canoe Club Trip Page 
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From: <KiAyker_at_aol.com>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] Landing a victim through surf
Date: Thu, 5 Nov 1998 20:48:29 EST
   OK, I need to add my two cents to this discussion. First of all, as several
others have said, lines in the surf are a really bad idea. I instruct people
to disconnect their paddle leashes when coming through the surf. Forget the
tow ropes. Likewise, rafting up and coming in through the surf is just asking
to compound the problem.
   As I see it, the victim is hypothermic and needs to get to shore now! If I
thought I could coach the person in through the surf, then I would come in
with them (at a safe distance beside them) and bring them in that way. At the
very least I could get them close enough to shore to where they could walk in
the rest of the way after they capsized, or someone else could wade out and
get them, or I could exit my boat and bring them in. 
   If they were too far gone that I didn't believe they could paddle, then I
think the next option would be to have them climb out of their boat and lie on
my back deck, arms around my waist with their feet apart and in the water for
stability. I believe I could land a person through all but the hairiest of
surf in this fashion. At the very least I could get them close enough to shore
so that if I did lose it and capsize I could exit my boat and swim (walk?) the
victim the rest of the way in. Trying to tow the victim in while they are in
the water holding onto your grabloop I do not see to be a viable option. What
happens when they lose their grip while you are hurdling towards shore on a
wave? How long will the swimmer be left alone while you try and turn around
and go back to get them?
   If the person is really that hypothermic then what happened to the boats
would be the least of my concerns. Besides, it's a funny thing about the surf
- everything usually ends up on the sand eventually. I believe I could
withstand the short swim without having to worry about also becoming
hypothermic, at least until I was on the shore and better able to deal with
it.

Scott
So.Cal.
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From: Lorraine&Dennis <raisden_at_nh.ultranet.com>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] Landing a victim through surf
Date: Fri, 6 Nov 1998 08:59:32 -0500
-----Original Message-----
From: KiAyker_at_aol.com <KiAyker_at_aol.com>
To: paddlewise_at_lists.intelenet.net <paddlewise_at_lists.intelenet.net>
Date: Thursday, November 05, 1998 9:08 PM
Subject: Re: [Paddlewise] Landing a victim through surf


>   . Forget the
>tow ropes. Likewise, rafting up and coming in through the surf is just
asking
>to compound the problem.
I agree with this. Tow lines(especially short ones or contact tows) are just
bombs waiting to be lit by the next big breaker.
I
>think the next option would be to have them climb out of their boat and lie
on
>my back deck, arms around my waist with their feet apart and in the water
for
>stability.
This sounds reasonable.  I presume that a couple of competent paddlers would
land and be there to assist the landing if needed. Question. Once the person
gets on the back of your boat and the two of you proceed on/in one boat-what
happens with the empty boat? Others in the group should be diligent in
removing potential debris(boats,paddles)from slamming you if you are
underway with a swimmer on your back deck.
Speaking of the others-a scenario such as this sometimes starts the domino
effect.  Those with skills sufficient to land in the surf but not with
practiced surf rescue skills are beyond their comfort level when faced with
stopping and dealing with a capsize/problem. This can often multiply the
number of problems/capsizes/rescues.
Great scenario.
Great discussion.
Thanks.
Dennis
Sunny New Hampshire

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From: John Winters <735769_at_ican.net>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] Landing a victim through surf
Date: Thu, 5 Nov 1998 06:20:38 -0500
Ralph wrote;

--(SNIP)


>The only other possible solution, assuming that the whole situation
>started outside the surf zone would be to transfer the guy to a more
>stable boat.  Then someone, a swimmer, would hang on to the back of the
>boat as a sea anchor guiding it in through the surf letting every wave
>push them both closer to the beach.  Yes, some paddlers going in earlier
>would be there to help the last few yards.  The virtue of this approach
>with the hypothermic paddler is that it keeps him in the boat and out of
>the cold water which would only make his hypothermia worsen.
>
(SNIP)

Using the body as a sea anchor worked for me  (did it by accident and on
purpose) although I found the sea anchor worked better. The thing that I
found most disconcerting about this was when I tried doing it with regular
hand toggles on the ends. If the boat tried to spin (and it did sometimes)
ones hand got wound up in the handle. Very painful if you don't let go
quickly enough.

I now use the trapeze handles used by sailors fastened to the boat with
stainless steel cable. These rotate freely so won't jam the hands.

If you have a rudder on the boat you will want to grab the bow rather than
the stern as you drift in. Rudders can cause serious injury when near your
head. Also, the tails on most handles lack length to trail clear of  the
rudder.

Cheers,
John Winters
Redwing Designs
Specialists in Human Powered Watercraft
http://home.ican.net/~735769/

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From: <JCMARTIN43_at_aol.com>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] Landing a victim through surf
Date: Fri, 6 Nov 1998 10:20:23 EST
In a message dated 98-11-06 08:52:44 EST, gstamer_at_magicnet.net writes:

<< 
 Ralph's idea of putting the victim in a stable boat and having a strong
 swimmer guide them to shore has merit. As an enhancement, I would place a
 paddlefloat over each end of the victim's paddle blades outside of the surf
 zone. If the victim has enough strength and dexterity to hold the paddle,
 this might add to the chance of success. >>

Greg's idea is one of the most interesting additions yet.  Dual flotation on
the paddle!

But it also shows that we all have been refining Julio's original scenario a
bit.  Since it was his idea --- and an excellent one --- maybe he could define
some ranges for us to think about.  Like, what's "dumping surf" --- to my
mind, the stuff I have to deal with on our mid-Atlantic beaches, three to four
foot, very short periodic waves that break very close to the beach.  In our
scenario, is that what we're thinking?  Bigger? 

What's the water and air temperature --- not to set off a sub-thread on what
gear is needed and when, <please>, but just to set the scene?  How is the
victim dressed, and how does his personal gear compare to the others in the
group?  

And, most importantly, <how> hypothermic is the victim right now?  Is he in
mild hypothermia, where he's reasonably coherent and rational, but is shaking
and not as coordinated as he probably should be to make his own landing in
surf, stabilized or not?  Is his body temperature dropping --- I know we can't
tell, but is he moderately hypothermic, with a definite loss of coordination,
orientation and mental stability?  Or is he approaching severe hypothermia,
where he may be only semi-conscious or even unconscious?  How bad is he now
--- 'cause he's not going to get better but will definitely get worse until we
can get him out of his cold, wet environment and into a rewarming situation of
some sort.  

Which begs another issue which I tried to introduce yesterday, hoping someone
with more competence in hypothermia would jump on --- but what are we going to
do with this guy when we do get him on the beach?  This could be any or all of
us, and at least one of "us" in this paddling group ought to know and to have
equipment <with him or her> --- not in the boat that we left 50 meters
offshore when we swam him ashore --- to help our friend survive.  Do we carry
a survival "body bag" in a bailout kit?  Is at least one of "us" in this
paddling group competent to help our buddy once we get him out of the water?
Does somebody have CPR training?  And if the answer is no, what does that say
about the trip?  And the leader?

Just other things to think about as we try to get this guy out of whatever
"worst case" scenario we've defined for him.

Jack Martin
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From: <rdiaz_at_ix.netcom.com>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] Landing a victim through surf
Date: Fri, 06 Nov 1998 10:58:45 -0800
JCMARTIN43_at_aol.com wrote:
> 
> In a message dated 98-11-06 08:52:44 EST, gstamer_at_magicnet.net writes:
> 
> <<
>  Ralph's idea of putting the victim in a stable boat and having a strong
>  swimmer guide them to shore has merit. As an enhancement, I would place a
>  paddlefloat over each end of the victim's paddle blades outside of the surf
>  zone. If the victim has enough strength and dexterity to hold the paddle,
>  this might add to the chance of success. >>
> 
> Greg's idea is one of the most interesting additions yet.  Dual flotation on
> the paddle!

I was once on a July Manhattan circumnavigation when on the narrow part
of the East River (between Manhattan and Roosevelt Island) we got hit
with a horrendous summer lightning storm with winds in excess of 40
miles an hour and visibility dropped to about 25 feet in the large
stinging hail and torrential rains.

We fell into two large pods of rafted up kayaks, joining in whatever
position we were at the moment, as the 4 knot current propelled us along
Manhattan's seawall.  I attached to one of these pods facing backwards. 
I noticed that one fellow in a double Klepper fearful for his life (we
all were, what with the lightning and zero visibility in narrow waters
in which large vessels were seen plying through just moments before the
storm hit) took out two paddle floats and placed one on each blade. 
That Klepper became one of the most stable boats ever at that point.

I have often thought of that move by him when I am not having nightmares
about the predicament we were in.

(After the storm blow by, the seawall service road became alive with
police cars and ambulances searching for us and two harbor patrol
vessels appeared.  Pedestrians had seen our 20 boat group on the water
as the storm hit and placed frentic 911 calls.  Rescue people were
certain that a disaster had occured among the kayakers.  We were all
fine except for being soaking wet and a bit bruised by the hail stones.)

ralph diaz 
-- 
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ralph Diaz . . . Folding Kayaker newsletter
PO Box 0754, New York, NY 10024
Tel: 212-724-5069; E-mail: rdiaz_at_ix.netcom.com
"Where's your sea kayak?"----"It's in the bag."
-----------------------------------------------------------------------


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From: <JCMARTIN43_at_aol.com>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] Landing a victim through surf
Date: Fri, 6 Nov 1998 10:43:58 EST
In a message dated 98-11-06 10:34:44 EST, kolsen_at_imagelan.com writes:

<< Around here there tend to be 3 choices of equipment for the life guards,
 a double handled "torpedo", an oversized flotation belt with a short (roughly
 3 foot) tow rope with shoulder loop, and an overstuffed surfboard.
 
 In dumping waves I would probably chose the retrieval belt.  The harness
 loop goes over the rescuers shoulder and the flotation belt goes around the
 swimmers chest, the swimmer then gets towed in backwards.  With the short
 tow rope you get to keep the swimmer away from you. >>

Can you translate the above into what an average sea kayaking group can best
do with equipment at hand --- and that's probably not more than a paddlefloat
or two and maybe a contact tow line --- to get this guy to the beach, Kirk?
How does what he's wearing --- a PFD, maybe a neoprene farmer john and a
helmet --- influence what a lifeguard would do?  Given what our group probably
has to work with, and assuming the surf was too big and the victim too weak to
effect his own landing in any reasonable safety --- both to himself and to
others --- how do we adapt your surf lifeguard techniques and equipment to
save this guy's life?

Jack Martin
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From: David Seng <David_at_wainet.com>
subject: RE: [Paddlewise] Landing a victim through surf
Date: Fri, 6 Nov 1998 10:21:35 -0900
Jack,

 One cautionary note - trying to handle a person through surf (breaking
waves over three feet tall) can be quite difficult if you are not a
_strong_ swimmer and practiced in life guarding skills.  This is a good
one to practice with a friend on a day with some good waves on a soft
sandy beach.  The old rescue adage always applies - don't create another
victim.....  Most of the people that I have paddled with were better
paddlers than they were swimmers. 
 As far as flotation for the victim - I think that a person wearing a
PFD has plenty of flotation (from the swimming rescuer's point of view),
but there may be instances where extra flotation could be beneficial.
If the victim is hypothermic yet somewhat functional it would be very
helpful to have them hold onto an inflated paddle float, but if the
hypothermic victim is unconcious or unable to handle simple motor tasks
then the rescuer is going to have to support the victim.  This is where
some of the lifeguard's tools really work well, but it might be hard to
find effective substitutes among normal paddling gear.  I think that I
would simply rely on the flotation provided by my PFD rather than trying
to hold onto both the unconscious victim and a flotation device.
 Another thought that I had about this idea of swimming the victim in is
that the direct exposure to the water is going to accelerate the
hypothermic reactions making it even more critical to begin quick and
effective treatment of the symptoms once on shore.
 A very thought-provoking scenario....thanks Julio!

Dave Seng
Juneau, Alaska

> -----Original Message-----
> 
> In a message dated 98-11-06 10:34:44 EST, kolsen_at_imagelan.com writes:
> 
> << Around here there tend to be 3 choices of equipment for the life
> guards,
>  a double handled "torpedo", an oversized flotation belt with a short
> (roughly
>  3 foot) tow rope with shoulder loop, and an overstuffed surfboard.
>  
>  In dumping waves I would probably chose the retrieval belt.  The
> harness
>  loop goes over the rescuers shoulder and the flotation belt goes
> around the
>  swimmers chest, the swimmer then gets towed in backwards.  With the
> short
>  tow rope you get to keep the swimmer away from you. >>
> 
> then Jack wrote:
> Can you translate the above into what an average sea kayaking group
> can best
> do with equipment at hand --- and that's probably not more than a
> paddlefloat
> or two and maybe a contact tow line --- to get this guy to the beach,
> Kirk?
> How does what he's wearing --- a PFD, maybe a neoprene farmer john and
> a
> helmet --- influence what a lifeguard would do?  Given what our group
> probably
> has to work with, and assuming the surf was too big and the victim too
> weak to
> effect his own landing in any reasonable safety --- both to himself
> and to
> others --- how do we adapt your surf lifeguard techniques and
> equipment to
> save this guy's life?
> 
> Jack Martin
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From: John C. Winskill <johncw_at_narrows.com>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] Landing a victim through surf
Date: Fri, 06 Nov 1998 12:20:16 -0800
Julio;
If the swimmer is in the water do a swimmer rescue and surf/broach the
boat in (rolling with a swimmer on your back deck is not too hard
providing they hang on and keep their weight low).  
A drouge is the best idea.  I'd be hard pressed to get out of (and
desert) my boat and be a drouge for somone else except for dire
circumstances.
Depending on the extent of the injury it's possible to have the injured
person hang on to the coaming of their boat and be pulled in as their
boat is broached in.
John Winskill
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