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From: <skimmer_at_mail3.enter.net>
subject: [Paddlewise] Death of Ken Schaffer
Date: Sat, 10 Nov 2001 10:39:18 4
Hi,

Rev. Bob Carter reported the death of Ken Schaffer in Sitka, Alaska.

For anyone out there with information, here are several key questions 
regarding this accident.

What was the water temperature?

I assume that Mr. Schaffer was wearing a wetsuit or drysuit, but we 
need to confirm that this was true.

More important,  was Mr. Schaffer wearing a hood?

Was it one that covered his ears?

Was he using nose clips?

Cold water in the ear canal can cause vertigo, complete loss of 
orientation.  We have reports of paddlers, normally skilled at 
rolling, who have been forced to bail out after capsizing. One 
paddler had no idea what happened after intentionally going over to 
do a roll at the end of a winter paddling trip.

Several cold water paddlers have been found hanging beneath their 
boats. 

We run cold water workshops for sea kayakers. We ran one last weekend 
in Norwalk, CT.  A point of discussion addressed the issue of 
gasping. An unprotected person in cold water will gasp 
uncontrollably. Under water, drowning results. 

Mr. Schaffer was able to do two rolls with out a problem, implying 
that he was wearing a wet/drysuit. I think cold water on the head 
won't necessarily cause gasping, unconsciousness perhaps, but not 
gasping.  Gasping did occur, by the description given us, after the 
third (delayed) roll, which could have been complicated by the 
appearance of virtigo.

That loss of orientation and balance could explain why Mr. Schaffer 
capsized again later on the way back to shore.

We need to know water temperature and exactly how Mr. Schaffer was 
dressed.  Weather and sea conditions do not seem to be factors in 
this case.

Any information would be greatly appreciated.

Thanks,
Chuck Sutherland

e-mail:   skimmer_at_mail3.enter.net 
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From: cholst <cholst_at_bitstream.net>
subject: [Paddlewise] Cold Water Gasp
Date: Wed, 14 Nov 2001 18:54:05 GMT
Chuck Sutherland writes:

> We run cold water workshops for sea kayakers. We ran one last weekend 
> in Norwalk, CT.  A point of discussion addressed the issue of 
> gasping. An unprotected person in cold water will gasp 
> uncontrollably. Under water, drowning results. 

I don't question that this cold water gasp may happen occasionally, but I do 
question that it is inevitable or indeed happens with any frequency. Here in 
Minnesota, one way of cooling off between visits to the sauna is to chop a 
hole in the ice and jump into the lake. I've done it myself, and quickly 
learned that if you don't duck your head underwater, you risk overheating it 
when you go back into the sauna. Yet I've neither had an uncontrollable urge 
to gasp when submerged in ice water nor heard of any fatalities or other 
incidents as a result of this practice. 

Now, maybe superheated skin ameliorates the gasping reflex, but I have also 
several times been completely submerged or upside down without a hood in 
cold water down to 42 degrees F. when I was not superheated, and never felt 
an uncontrollable urge to gasp. On two occasions I hyperventilated for 
several minutes after getting back into the boat (I had also been holding my 
breath for a long time underwater), but I have never had an uncontrollable 
urge to gasp. 

Chuck Holst 

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From: Craig MacKinnon <elroca_at_earthlink.net>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] Cold Water Gasp
Date: Wed, 14 Nov 2001 17:44:11 -0500
I have experienced cold water gasp response. Regardless of the frequency or
that some individuals may have avoided it, cold water gasp response occurs.
Anyone exposing himself or herself to cold water immersion should be aware
of the danger associated with cold shock.

Craig

----- Original Message -----
From: "cholst" <cholst_at_bitstream.net>
To: <paddlewise_at_paddlewise.net>
Sent: Wednesday, November 14, 2001 1:54 PM
Subject: [Paddlewise] Cold Water Gasp
snip
> I don't question that this cold water gasp may happen occasionally, but I
do
> question that it is inevitable or indeed happens with any frequency.
snip

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From: tfj <tfj4_at_home.com>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] Cold Water Gasp
Date: Wed, 14 Nov 2001 19:39:03 -0600
Does it happen immediately, e.g., in the middle of a roll?  


> I have experienced cold water gasp response. 

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From: Michael Daly <michaeldaly_at_home.com>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] Cold Water Gasp
Date: Thu, 15 Nov 2001 13:22:40 -0500
From: "cholst" <cholst_at_bitstream.net>


> What I do dispute is whether the cold water gasp is truly uncontrollable in 
> situations where it would make a difference. In my experience -- and that of 
> a lot of Finns in northern Minnesota -- in the majority of cases it is not. 
> 
> In situations where the person is mentally prepared, I suggest that an 
> underwater gasp is rare or nonexistent. By mental preparation, I mean that 
> the person has chosen to immerse himself or herself in cold water, or is 
> accustomed to it. Obviously, if mental preparation is an important factor, 

What you are saying is true.  The cold water gasp phenomena is controllable to
some degree and can be prevented with mental prep and by becoming accustomed
to cold water.  It is primarily a concern for folks that are unprepared.

Mike

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From: Craig MacKinnon <elroca_at_earthlink.net>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] Cold Water Gasp
Date: Thu, 15 Nov 2001 14:43:16 -0500
I have controlled the gasp response to prevent reflexive water inhalation. I
suspect that non-swimmers unaccustomed to cold water exposure may be at the
greatest risk. Given the other potential dangers associated with cold shock
including  increased heart rate and blood pressure, cardiac arrest, loss of
consciousness and drowning, what type of practice in cold water are you
suggesting? Prudence would dictate a physicians approval before someone
attempted a "polar bear club" type sudden immersion in cold water.

Craig
----- Original Message -----
From: "cholst" <cholst_at_bitstream.net>
To: <PaddleWise_at_paddlewise.net>
Sent: Thursday, November 15, 2001 12:43 PM
Subject: Re: [Paddlewise] Cold Water Gasp
snip

> What I do dispute is whether the cold water gasp is truly uncontrollable
in
> situations where it would make a difference. In my experience -- and that
of
> a lot of Finns in northern Minnesota -- in the majority of cases it is
not.
>
> In those cases where people have gasped underwater and inhaled water, I
> suggest that surprise may have been as big a factor as water temperature.
In
> situations where the person is mentally prepared, I suggest that an
> underwater gasp is rare or nonexistent. By mental preparation, I mean that
> the person has chosen to immerse himself or herself in cold water, or is
> accustomed to it. Obviously, if mental preparation is an important factor,
> then practice in cold water can be as important to cold water safety as
> dressing appropriately, and should be a recommended part of it.
>
> Chuck Holst


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From: cholst <cholst_at_bitstream.net>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] Cold Water Gasp
Date: Thu, 15 Nov 2001 21:39:02 GMT
Craig MacKinnon writes:

> I have controlled the gasp response to prevent reflexive water inhalation. I
> suspect that non-swimmers unaccustomed to cold water exposure may be at the
> greatest risk. Given the other potential dangers associated with cold shock
> including  increased heart rate and blood pressure, cardiac arrest, loss of
> consciousness and drowning, what type of practice in cold water are you
> suggesting? Prudence would dictate a physicians approval before someone
> attempted a "polar bear club" type sudden immersion in cold water. 
> 
> Craig

Basically, practicing a few rolls and rescues in cold water without a hood, 
at least enough to get you used to the feeling -- and your limitations. The 
more used to it you are, the less likely you are to panic, bail out, or miss 
a roll. I believe in practicing in all conditions I'm likely to paddle in. 
On Lake Superior, where you can have very hot days on very cold water, it is 
not always practical to wear a hood or heavy insulation when paddling. You 
should not practice alone, however, or far from shore, or wearing a T-shirt 
and shorts! On Memorial day weekend, when the water temperature was about 
38-42 degrees, I didn't roll till we were back in the harbor at Little Sand 
Bay. 

You may be right about a physician's approval, but I don't know how many 
people do that before going into the lake after a sauna, and I have not 
heard of any sauna-related deaths in this state. I suspect it depends on 
your general state of health; the people I did this with were all 
cross-country skiers. Shoveling snow is a much bigger killer in Minnesota, 
if only because many more people shovel snow than jump into ice water. :-) 

Chuck Holst 

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From: Craig MacKinnon <elroca_at_earthlink.net>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] Cold Water Gasp
Date: Thu, 15 Nov 2001 17:56:46 -0500
What kayaking conditions would produce cold water gasp response? My
experience with cold water gasp is outside of kayaking. I also practice
rolling in conditions with water temperatures in the 38-42 degree range and
wear appropriate immersion clothing. I have performed rolls without a hood
in cold water and this has not produced a gasp response; I require something
more akin to the "polar bear club". For me, rolling without a hood in cold
water only tests my ability to roll under those conditions. The problem
remains that someone attempting the "polar bear club" method exposes
themselves to the dangers associated with cold shock. But more importantly,
the person most at risk from cold shock is ignorant of the dangers, dressed
inappropriately for the conditions and has never tested their individual
response. Short of joining the "polar bear club", another approach is to be
informed of the risk and dress appropriately for sudden cold water
immersion.

Craig


----- Original Message -----
From: "cholst" <cholst_at_bitstream.net>
To: <PaddleWise_at_paddlewise.net>
Sent: Thursday, November 15, 2001 4:39 PM
Subject: Re: [Paddlewise] Cold Water Gasp
snip

> Basically, practicing a few rolls and rescues in cold water without a
hood,
> at least enough to get you used to the feeling -- and your limitations.
>The
> more used to it you are, the less likely you are to panic, bail out, or
miss
> a roll. I believe in practicing in all conditions I'm likely to paddle in.
> On Lake Superior, where you can have very hot days on very cold water, it
is
> not always practical to wear a hood or heavy insulation when paddling. You
> should not practice alone, however, or far from shore, or wearing a
T-shirt
> and shorts! On Memorial day weekend, when the water temperature was about
> 38-42 degrees, I didn't roll till we were back in the harbor at Little
Sand
> Bay.
snip


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From: cholst <cholst_at_bitstream.net>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] Cold Water Gasp
Date: Fri, 16 Nov 2001 18:17:22 GMT
Craig MacKinnon writes:
 

<Big snip> 

> Short of joining the "polar bear club", another approach is to be
> informed of the risk and dress appropriately for sudden cold water
> immersion. 
> 
> Craig

I agree with everything you say, including the snipped parts. 

Chuck Holst
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From: Craig MacKinnon <elroca_at_earthlink.net>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] Cold Water Gasp
Date: Fri, 16 Nov 2001 14:50:47 -0500
Where's the fun in that? Now I'm going to have to start arguing with myself!
;)

Best of luck with your post-sauna cold water immersions; if you aren't
already, you should soon be the Zen master of sudden cold water exposure.

Craig
----- Original Message -----
From: "cholst" <cholst_at_bitstream.net>
To: <PaddleWise_at_paddlewise.net>
Sent: Friday, November 16, 2001 1:17 PM
Subject: Re: [Paddlewise] Cold Water Gasp
snip
> I agree with everything you say, including the snipped parts.
>
snip

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