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From: Bob Carter <revkayak_at_aptalaska.net>
subject: [Paddlewise] 0 for 3!!!
Date: Fri, 20 Jul 2007 12:44:53 -0800
Last night a church member took a bunch of youth up here doing a program for
the church over to LeConte Bay on his fishing boat. It was foggy and there
were no other boats in the bay so he fired off an old parachute flare to see
if it still worked (it did). He monitored the radio to make sure no one saw
the flare and paniced. I happened to have my PFD with me and decided to test
out my three hand held flares. 0 for 3!!! Not a one even so much as fizzled!
I am thinking of going with the pistol type flare system though where I will
store them on me while I paddle I have not figured out yet.
A bird in the hand may be worth two in the bush but a handheld flare is
worthless

Bob
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From: Bob Carter <revkayak_at_aptalaska.net>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] 0 for 3!!!
Date: Fri, 20 Jul 2007 14:34:38 -0800
  My conclusion, vhf radio to call for help, gps to tell them where I am, the
exact coordinates, and then maybe a flare, after I see the whites of their
eyes.

  just and inexperienced guys rambling

  Mike
  San Rafael, CA
  Actually your conclusion has a lot of wisdom.

  bob
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From: Bob Volin <bobvolin_at_optonline.net>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] 0 for 3!!!
Date: Fri, 20 Jul 2007 22:14:06 -0400
I had the same experience several years ago.  Joan and I each had three 
small (pocket-size) hand held flares that were just past their 
expiration dates. One or two of them fizzled, the rest did nothing at all.

Pains-Wessex hand held flares are reputed to be reliable (USCG and SOLAS 
approved).  They are also larger (and more expensive) than the flares 
that fit into a standard PFD pocket, but -- as you say -- a bird in the 
hand.... Paddling mostly in the the populated New York Harbor, Hudson 
River and Connecticut shore areas, I don't always carry flares.  When I 
do, I carry two Pains-Wessex flares in my day hatch.  One is a parachute 
flare, and the other is a white hand flare to be used when I can see my 
rescuer trying to home in on me. Of course I always have my VHF and a 
cellphone in a waterproof bag, as well.

Bob Volin

Bob Carter wrote:
> Last night a church member took a bunch of youth up here doing a program for
> the church over to LeConte Bay on his fishing boat. It was foggy and there
> were no other boats in the bay so he fired off an old parachute flare to see
> if it still worked (it did). He monitored the radio to make sure no one saw
> the flare and paniced. I happened to have my PFD with me and decided to test
> out my three hand held flares. 0 for 3!!! Not a one even so much as fizzled!
> I am thinking of going with the pistol type flare system though where I will
> store them on me while I paddle I have not figured out yet.
> A bird in the hand may be worth two in the bush but a handheld flare is
> worthless
>
> Bob
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From: Martin, Jack <martin.jack_at_solute.us>
subject: RE: [Paddlewise] 0 for 3!!!
Date: Sat, 21 Jul 2007 06:02:32 -0600
Bob Volin wrote: 
I had the same experience several years ago.  Joan and I each had three
small (pocket-size) hand held flares that were just past their
expiration dates. One or two of them fizzled, the rest did nothing at
all.

---

As a former combat search and rescue pilot, I'll weigh in here from a
perspective of 300 to 500 feet above you and your capsized boat.  

The pencil flares that many of us carry to remain legal at night are
about good as y'all discovered.  The option would be to carry a birthday
cake with a few dozen candles lit off, and wave it over your head.  (In
my case, there'd be more than a few dozen, but it wouldn't make much
difference.)  To be found in congested areas, you have to stand out from
your environment, or my helo crew and I won't even begin to pull you out
-- visually or physically.  

My choices for my own rescue: voice comms -- VHF, mobile phone for the
same reasons as noted in the earlier thread.  (Talk to me!) 

GPS, sure -- especially if I'm away from visual reinforcement -- like
"close to red bell 42" vice a lat-long fix.  (Tell me where you are,
'cause it's a big ocean out there, even in the Chesapeake Bay or in Long
Island Sound!)

For specific identification to back up a voice contact, or in the
absence of voice contact, I'd use my old mil-spec ACR strobe.  (Show me
that you're not a boat or a floating birthday cake!) I've had my old ACR
strobe since Viet Nam days, 40 years ago, and it still works fine.  Hard
to find batteries.  Easily as good now, any ACR
(http://www.acrelectronics.com/) C-Strobe or Firefly strobe unit.  (No
ACR affiliation -- just a very satisfied customer.)

If I'm doing an Ed Gillet unsupported trans-PAC trip -- which I won't
be! -- or if I were ten miles offshore looking for whales, a good EPIRB
(emergency position-indicating radio beacon) or a PLB (personal locator
beacon) -- something like ACR's new PLB with all the data in one package
-- would be a gotta-have.  Smaller, lighter better, probably bloody
expensive, but how much do you pay for life insurance?  (Have an
internationally recognized system tells me where you are even if you
can't!)  

But, for most of us, in local, inshore waters, a good set of hand-held
flares (like those used on roadsides by state police, not the
bloopy-fizzy things we all carry with our security blankets) for night
ops that cover the rules.   And a few cans of smoke (Pains-Wessex sells
them, as do others) for daytime ops will make you stand out, and will
give me a good wind indication, thank you very much.  A strobe to add
some continuum of visibility to the flares would be ideal at night.
Something as simple as flourescent paint on your paddle blades will help
me in low light or obscuration.  And SOLAS-equivalent retro-reflective
tape tabs on your PFD straps and hat would be lovely, thank you.  (Made
a night rescue in Southeast Asia in combat one time based on the lucky
chance illumination of a downed pilot's reflective tape on his helmet.
Of course, it made me into a bullet-sink, but that's another matter.)  

Consider your environment.  Consider who might look for you.  What will
they see?  (We had a man-overboard situation one day in low-key carrier
operations at sea where a sailor lost his footing and wound up in the
water.  Everybody saw it, everybody saw him.  And everybody helped by
throwing life vests, mattresses, pallets, rafts, huge flares, etc. into
the water to mark his spot.  Problem was, he was now somewhere in the
middle of a half-mile wide flaming debris field of rescue stuff and
flotsam and jetsam, and it took us a half-hour to find the poor bugger.
So figure out how to stand out in that debris field -- or in some of the
urban waters in which we paddle.  Comms, active short- or long-source
visual night signals, smoke as a day signal (how many PWCs emit a
quarter mile stream of flourescent smoke?) and passive identifiers like
flourescent paddle blades (that can be seen in fog or haze long before
anything else) and retro-tape.  Think it through.  Where are you
potentially going to be if you encounter trouble.  From 300 feet, your
head and frantically splashing arms are, at best, another whitecap to me
in my helo.  Don't need no more whitecaps.  Got lots.  Stand out!  Tell
me where you are!  Show me where you are!  Or I might wind up leaving
you where you are 'cause I can't find you -- and I really don't like
that.

Joq
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From: mark <ckayakr_at_dotzen.org>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] 0 for 3!!!
Date: Sat, 21 Jul 2007 11:15:53 -0600
As a former US Navy Parachute Rigger, [Parachutes, Inflatables, & LOX 
systems, I give you a Salute for such a well written piece. Great info 
here, the last paragraph is worth repeating:

Martin, Jack wrote:
> As a former combat search and rescue pilot, I'll weigh in here from a
> perspective of 300 to 500 feet above you and your capsized boat.  

[sniparoni, the Internet Treat]

> Consider your environment.  Consider who might look for you.  What will
> they see?  (We had a man-overboard situation one day in low-key carrier
> operations at sea where a sailor lost his footing and wound up in the
> water.  Everybody saw it, everybody saw him.  And everybody helped by
> throwing life vests, mattresses, pallets, rafts, huge flares, etc. into
> the water to mark his spot.  Problem was, he was now somewhere in the
> middle of a half-mile wide flaming debris field of rescue stuff and
> flotsam and jetsam, and it took us a half-hour to find the poor bugger.
> So figure out how to stand out in that debris field -- or in some of the
> urban waters in which we paddle.  Comms, active short- or long-source
> visual night signals, smoke as a day signal (how many PWCs emit a
> quarter mile stream of flourescent smoke?) and passive identifiers like
> flourescent paddle blades (that can be seen in fog or haze long before
> anything else) and retro-tape.  Think it through.  Where are you
> potentially going to be if you encounter trouble.  From 300 feet, your
> head and frantically splashing arms are, at best, another whitecap to me
> in my helo.  Don't need no more whitecaps.  Got lots.  Stand out!  Tell
> me where you are!  Show me where you are!  Or I might wind up leaving
> you where you are 'cause I can't find you -- and I really don't like
> that.
> 
> Joq

Great advice.

mark

-- 
#
# mark zen -- fort lupton,  colorado,  usa
#-========----============--=========--===-
# ckayakr[at]dotzen[dot]org------------http://www.dotzen.org/paddler/
#      o,    o__              o_/|   o_.                o__/
#     </     [\/              [\_|   [\_\               [\/
#  (`-/-------/----')      (`----|-------\-')  `\--------/--------/'
#~~~~_at_~~~~~~~_at_~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~_at_~~~~~~~~_at_~~~~~~~~~~~~~/~~~~~~~~~~~~~
# Semi-Random Fortune ...
#    A bug in the hand is better than one as yet undetected.
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From: John Kirk-Anderson <jka_at_netaccess.co.nz>
subject: [Paddlewise] SAREX and flare failure - Long post
Date: Sun, 22 Jul 2007 21:14:38 +1200
Hi Folks,

Following is an article I wrote for our national sea kayak newsletter, which
may be of interest given the recent posts on flare failure and aerial
search. 

I have made a few additions to make it clearer for international readers,
and have added lat and long details to add in locating the areas on
GoogleEarth, hopefully the coordinates will survive the email process.


Cheers

JKA


-- 
John Kirk-Anderson
Banks Peninsula
NEW ZEALAND

-------------------------

Dead Man Paddling


Last month I took part in a Coastguard Search and Rescue Exercise (SAREX)
off Canterbury, on the east coast of the South Island, New Zealand, in which
I played a kayaker missing off shore.

My part in the exercise was small, in that I was one of more than a dozen
scenarios that the SAREX dealt with, ranging from a collision between a jet
ski and a mooring buoy (enough said!) to a fire on a launch.

I was the only person out on my own, and I also ended up furthest off-shore.
I was more than six nautical miles into Pegasus Bay before I was recovered.

Jim Lilley, of the Canterbury Coastguard, approached me several months ago
when he was planning the SAREX, and the search for Australian trans-Tasman
paddler Andrew McCauley was fresh in his mind. Andrew disappeared off NZ9s
Fiordland coast, close to finishing the first kayak-crossing from Australia.
Jim wanted the search controllers to cope with looking for a very small
target, with little knowledge of the craft9s speed and capabilities.

The Coastguard in New Zealand is all volunteer, and they receive no
government funding. All of their crews work other jobs and give up time when
their pagers go off. Their vessels are sponsored via charities, and they
hold sausage-sizzles and the like to raise funds! I am not making that up.

Unlike Coastguards in other countries, they have no legal authority but are
"contracted" by the NZ Police, who control searches, to assist when
required. For that they can claim expenses.

If the search involves an EPIRB or beacon, or it is outside the capabilities
of the local agencies to deal with, it can be upgraded to a Class Three
search, which is controlled by the National Rescue Co-Ordination Centre,
based in NZ's capital, Wellington. This allows for more resources, including
military assets, which given our massive sea area of responsibility usually
means P6 Orion maritime surveillance aircraft.

In this SAREX, the scenario was that I was on a multi-day trip, paddling
from Kaikoura (420 25' 04.22" S  1730 40' 35.58" E), south to Lyttelton (430
36' 26.86" S 1720 43' 21.90" E), and that I was on the last leg, having left
Waikuku Beach (430 17' 16.59" S 1720 43' 16.06") at 0600. I was reporting in
to my wife every three hours, but I had missed the 0900 and 1200 reports,
and so the alarm was raised at 1230.

This was the only information that was initially provided, but if the
controllers asked they were to be given other info, including that I had a
VHF and cell phone, callsigns and numbers could be provided, and that I was
well equipped for off-shore paddling.

Oh, and I was also diabetic.

The cunning plan that Jim and I cooked up was that I had left Waikuku
heading south, but then had problems, possibly due to hypoglycaemia, and was
pushed off-shore by the very strong outflow from the Waimakariri River (430
23' 22.55" S 1720 42' 44.64" E). This would put me out into Pegasus Bay, and
would widen the search area considerably, requiring a bit of lateral
thinking and good control of limited resources. We also expected that a
shoreline search would take place, but this would be hypothetical as land
searchers were limited.

Rather than drive north to Waikuku and paddle south, I left Sumner Beach
(430 34' 16.87" S 1720 46' 16.04" E) at 0900 and paddled north east, on a
sea as flat as a pancake. I was disappointed by the conditions as I knew
that the Coastguard Air Patrol (CAP) aircraft that were available would spot
me easily in the flat light on the flat sea.

Monitoring my VHF I heard other scenarios unfolding, and as time wore on the
voices of the radio operators became tense as they dealt with greater
demands, both from the controllers and the Coastguard crews. As I knew all
the scenarios, I chuckled at their discomfort.

Making approximately three and a half knots to the north east, I soon
noticed a few lenticular clouds forming over the Southern Alps, the mountain
chain running the length of the South Island, a classic sign of a nor-west
wind. This wind is a Fohn wind, and often proceeds a cold front (Winds
circulate clockwise around a Low in the Southern Hemisphere). Sure enough an
off-shore started blowing, rising to about 10 knots. This was perfect for
the exercise, as the white caps and lumpy sea would add to the difficulty
for the searchers.

Catching an occasional diagonal surf, the coastline was soon a dark line of
trees, with nothing else visible of the flat Canterbury Plains. Banks
Peninsula stood up very clearly, but I couldn9t pick out individual
buildings. Checking my GPS, I was about six nautical miles off the coast,
and the wind had backed to the west, blowing directly off-shore at about 15
knots. 

Reaching my designated area, I was sitting eating a snack bar when I noticed
that I was being blown off-shore at 1.5 knots, as shown by GPS, and with
still an hour to go before the search for me kicked off I had to paddle back
towards land or I would have soon been out in international waters!

At 1220 my cell phone rang, and a cheerful Jim Lilley asked if I was ready
as my "wife" was about to raise the alarm. I gave him my position from the
GPS and waited for the cavalry.

Listening to the VHF I soon heard a call for two rescue vessels to head from
Lyttelton at "best possible speed" into Pegasus Bay and await further
instructions. They were soon on station and wanted to know what to do.

The message passed to them was that a solo kayaker, in a yellow kayak and
wearing a yellow jacket, paddling NORTH from Waikuku towards Kaikoura, was
overdue. They were sent directly towards Waikuku, before the message was
updated to advise that I was heading SOUTH, from Waikuku towards Lyttelton.
This happened after Jim Lilley, who was sitting behind a controller, told
them to re-check their information.

The two vessels then headed along the coast, about one mile out and
separated by about 300 metres, at 20 knots. A CAP aircraft was also
involved, flying up with them and continuing north past Waikuku, before
returning south in a creeping search.

>From my position all I saw was an aircraft flying down the coast, several
kilometres away. I didn9t know that another aircraft was also searching
off-shore, and I heard and saw nothing. I had four smoke flares ready to
use, and I had also hoped to use a signal mirror to see how effective it
was.

Another vessel was then tasked with searching Lyttelton Harbour, and they
asked for a physical description of me, and what was provided was very
flattering; Aged 36, tall, lean and with fair hair sounded good, but I think
I could have paddled past them without being recognized - I9m 43 and
normally say I9m short and bald.

Suddenly I heard the sound of an aircraft engine very close, but I couldn9t
see anything. With a smoke flare ready I searched the sky, scattered with
low clouds, for a sign of my saviour. A light aircraft appeared out of cloud
about 1 kilometre north of me, heading away, too far to see me.

At about 1400 I had a call from another SAREX director, asking if I had seen
any aircraft, and for an update on my position. By this time I had again
drifted off, but the wind had dropped to below 10 knots. It had continued
backing and was now blowing from the South West, the direction from which
cold fronts usually arrive.

Over the VHF I heard the search controllers say that a commercial aircraft
flying out of Christchurch had reported seeing a kayak at my location, and
the two search vessels were sent towards me at "best possible speed". This
fictitious information was dictated by the requirements of the exercise, as
two hours had been allocated by the organisers to deal with me.

At 1430, two hours after the search started, I saw an aircraft approaching
from the north, on a heading straight towards me. My position at this time
was 6.5 nautical miles (12.07 kilometres) of the coast (430 27' 07.46" S
1720 52' 04.04"). 

I had been given some smoke flares to use, all of which had been donated by
boaties as they had time expired, but some were still better than the ones
that I carry.

The first two flares failed to ignite, so I pulled out one of my own hand
flares, which I carry in a plastic tube. It had expired in 2005, but I was
sure that it was OK. It also failed.

Next flare, nothing happened. Down to my last flare, the expiry date was
1985, and the writing was scuffed and fading.

Amazingly, it worked and orange smoke drifted across the water, but by this
time the aircraft was very close and had already seen me. It began left-hand
circles around me, and unbeknown to me, dropped several smoke flares close
by, which I didn9t see.

I heard the SAREX controllers call the vessels coming to me and confirm my
location, and soon I saw a vessel breaking waves as it approached. Holding
my paddle in the air, the vessel changed direction and came straight to me.

As the vessel, an 11.3 metre RHIB, came alongside, the aircraft flew off,
sent to find a life raft drifting off Lyttelton Harbour, another scenario.

The crew on the RHIB held the bow and stern of my kayak, while other crew
members held me until I had popped my spray deck and clambered aboard.

Given a cup of tea and a bit of cake, I was soon transferred to another
craft and taken back to Lyttelton. On landing an ambulance paramedic offered
to check my blood sugar levels, in keeping with my "exercise" diabetes. I
declined.

Additional information, and lessons learned.

I was paddling a yellow Wilderness Systems Tempest 170, wearing a yellow
paddling jacket over a yellow buoyancy vest, a yellow hat, and my paddle had
fluorescent yellow and orange blades.

I was wearing two layers of polypro under a Gore-Tex drysuit, a fuzzy-rubber
hood, and pogies. The water felt cold to the touch and the wind had a cool
bite. June is winter in New Zealand.

Safety equipment included a VHF radio, a cell phone in a waterproof case, a
121.5 EPIRB, a GPS, four smoke flares, two parachute flares, signal mirror,
and strobes. Except for the EPIRB, which was borrowed for the exercise, I
carry this gear on all trips.

I was on the water for five and a half hours and only ate three snack bars
and drank approx one cup of water. This is not unusual for me, but I have
"hit the wall" before while paddling - an interesting experience. I regret
not having my blood-sugar level checked when given the opportunity at the
end of the exercise. It would have been interesting to see if I was in any
way sugar-depleted.

While a long way off my planned route, the area in which I was "found" was
completely feasible given the prevailing weather conditions. The SAREX
organisers, and presumably the search controllers, were surprised by the
off-shore winds, as it was on-shore closer in, as forecast.

The skipper of the rescue vessel that recovered me said he would have
recommended a search further off shore after his observation of the
conditions.

The aircraft that "located" me had checked the coastline, and the crew were
certain that they would have seen me had I been in their search area. They
had eight people on board, and were able to clearly see surfers so had a
good idea of the scale of objects on the water. After being given my
location, they saw me from a range of about one kilometre. In their day job,
they take tourists out to look for whales off Kaikoura, so they are skilled
observers.

The other aircraft that was searching had a crew of three and was a low-wing
plane, which hampered their view.

The vessel that recovered me had been given my exact position, which they
loaded into their navigation equipment. They headed towards me at 30 knots
until they saw the aircraft circling and changed direction towards the smoke
flares that had been dropped. They couldn9t see me until I "hoisted that
yellow flag", i.e.: I waved my paddle in the air.

After talking to John Seward, Operations Manager of the National Rescue
Coordination Centre who was observing the SAREX, he said that a real search
for me would have quickly upgraded to Class Three, which meant that far more
resources would be available.

I think that the exercise was of benefit to all parties:

The searchers probably have a better idea of where kayaks could end up and
how difficult they are to see.

 For me, it reinforced the need to be self-sufficient and showed the dangers
of relying on outside assistance. After my own hand flare failed I checked
my parachute flares and found that I couldn9t open the PVC tubes they were
stored in, a scary discovery given the strict maintenance routine I operate.

The flares were all Pains-Wessex hand smokes, regarded as the best
available.

If any sea kayakers are able to take part in search exercises I strongly
recommend they take the opportunity. It can be a learning experience for all
parties, and may get you thinking about how effective your systems and
equipment are. 

I have ordered a GPS-equipped 406 Personal Locator Beacon that will
broadcast my exact position in the event of an emergency requiring outside
help. While expensive, it is the one piece of equipment that would have
saved me if the SAREX scenario had been for real.

Without it I would be a dead man paddling.
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From: Bob Carter <revkayak_at_aptalaska.net>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] SAREX and flare failure - Long post
Date: Sun, 22 Jul 2007 13:09:00 -0800
> Following is an article I wrote for our national sea kayak newsletter, 
> which
> may be of interest given the recent posts on flare failure and aerial
> search.
>


Thanks I found this imformative both as a paddler and as a member of our 
local Search and Rescue unit. I am looking into buying a locator beacon as a 
back up. I will continue to carry some type of flare due to CG regulations 
requiring a signaling device but i will not put my faith in them.

thanks
Bob 
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From: <rebyl_kayak_at_energysustained.com>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] SAREX and flare failure - Long post
Date: Mon, 23 Jul 2007 22:12:31 +0000
G'Day Bob and Paddlewise, 

The flare failure post and search and rescue posts have been very helpful. I'm wondering though if the cause of flare failure can be determined. Were they stored in a waterpoof container? 

I've a set of three year old flares that fit into an Otterbox. They don't burn as long as the larger more widely used flares but I'm trading that against the reliability I hope comes with dry storage. 

Likewise a set of aerial flares that come in a water proof plastic container. They are relatively small, about the size of a 303 cartridge, with a pencil shaped firing mechanism. They come in a pack of eight and seem to stay quite dry. 

The plastic bags that many flares are supplied in, seem to sweat with condensed vapour trapped inside the bag. I'd say its best to remove the flares from these bags as they are likely worse than useless for keeping them dry in a kayak. 

I haven't been game to test these in Sydney and won't be back on the water until end September so would be very interested to hear experiences with flare storage. 

BTW Jack, thanks for those very useful posts. I missed what the acronym SART stands for? Search and Rescue T?

All the best, PeterO 
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From: Martin, Jack <martin.jack_at_solute.us>
subject: RE: [Paddlewise] SAREX and flare failure - Long post
Date: Mon, 23 Jul 2007 17:30:28 -0600
G'day, PeterO -- to your question -- -I missed what the acronym SART
stands for? Search and Rescue T?

It's for "transponder".  Search and Rescue Radar Transponder (SART).
Sorry about that, mate -- I write this stuff out all day for people who
already know!  ACR's SART is at
http://www.landfallnavigation.com/-ssart.html, for example.  Basically,
it takes in a radar signal and sends back an echo that says you're not a
lowly sea kayak but are more like the Troubridge Island Lighthouse or
something bearing down on the sender.  It's considered an enhancer, of
sorts.  Some paddlers need this more than others.

(My son's in Wanaka, NZ now, PeterO, building wooden kayaks.  And
concrete countertops.  One for fun, one for bread.)

Joq 
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From: KK <kk63_at_tampabay.rr.com>
subject: RE: [Paddlewise] 0 for 3!!!
Date: Sat, 21 Jul 2007 16:25:19 -0400
Jack, Great post. As a fellow 22 year SAR pilot, I'd like to pile on a
couple if I may be so bold.
Extra food for thought:
#1 FILE A FLOAT PLAN! It's a big world out there-- I have a much better
chance of finding you if I have even a rough idea of where to start looking.
Even something as simple as sending an e-mail to a friend with a rough start
point and end point, and roughly how long you expect to be out can help. 
#2. Always a good idea to have some rescue items that work with no power. I
like the signal mirror. I can see it in the air from quite a ways out when
it is used properly.
#3. Many search platforms these days have radar on them. Bring some tin foil
along, and if you get in trouble crumple it into a loose ball and hoist it
up either on your spare paddle or on something like a fishing rod. With
today's radars I can see something like that quite a ways off, and if you're
paddling at 3 kts or above you'll stand out from the surface clutter.
#4 At night strobe lights stand out for a long way when the search crew is
on goggles. Jack is exactly right, get a good strobe and turn it on if you
get into trouble.

Lastly, be familiar with your gear and know how to use it. The worst time to
figure out how to use your fancy GPS or radio or whatever is when you're in
trouble and really need it.

Overall really useful post-- Jack really knows his stuff.

Hoping none of us ever needs any of this--
Sluf
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From: Martin, Jack <martin.jack_at_solute.us>
subject: RE: [Paddlewise] 0 for 3!!!
Date: Mon, 23 Jul 2007 08:51:01 -0600
To KK's post -- thanks for the nice words, but thanks more for the
reference to the signal mirror.  I wrote my response late after a
cross-country flight, and I ommitted a couple of high-burner items that
KK has addressed.


KK:  #1 FILE A FLOAT PLAN! ..... even a rough idea of where to start
looking.

Absolutely!  One on me for leaving that out.  Used to keep
fill-in-the-blank float plans in my truck and fill out the critical bits
before launching, leaving the plan on the glare shield.  (At least in
theory.)

KK: #2. Always a good idea to have [a] signal mirror. 

Amen. I again claim jet lag for leaving that one out.  If I could have
only one passive survival item, I'd take a mirror first.  During
brighter daytime periods, that is the most powerful identifier with the
greatest range of all.  Absolutely the best daytime passive rescue
device available -- as well as the cheapest device in my bailout kit.  

KK: #3. Many search platforms these days have radar on them. Bring some
tin foil along, and if you get in trouble crumple it into a loose ball
and hoist it up either on your spare paddle or on something like a
fishing rod. With today's radars I can see something like that quite a
ways off, and if you're paddling at 3 kts or above you'll stand out from
the surface clutter.

Great -- if it really works.  My experience is different but old.  (See
PW archives for an eight year old discussion on this topic.)  From what
I've seen in the past, the aluminum foil stuff is interesting but
unconvincing; have worked with some Coast Guard 42 footers prior to swim
supports in the past with various commercial radar reflectors aboard,
and have remained invisible to them at relatively close range and while
in visual and radio contact -- but, again, you can't prove a negative.
For radar visibility, I'd prefer a SART.  Transform yourself from a
possible blip requiring the oncoming craft to post lookouts to something
closer to Point Lookout and you'll be more likely to attract the desired
attention.  (Most people worry more about the bigger guy than us, funny
enough.  Become Nova Scotia -- see archive.) 

KK: #4 At night strobe lights stand out for a long way when the search
crew is on goggles.

For an active rescue device -- absent a reliable radio -- the strobe
would be my number one pick.  Again, you break the pattern of the debris
field.  You allow the SAR crew to discriminate to specific targets of
interest.  Strobes are valuable even without the benefit of night vision
devices on the SAR craft, as well.

KK: Lastly, be familiar with your gear and know how to use it. The worst
time to figure out how to use your fancy GPS or radio or whatever is
when you're in trouble and really need it.

Definitely -- the stuff is expensive weight if you don't know how to use
it -- and that's not having RTFM-level experience, either: it's
experience from having tried to operate the gear in realistic scenarios
in the dark -- maybe in the water if the exercise can be controlled.
(I've run a few exercises with our local paddling club in the past where
we coordinated with the Coast Guard and local SAR and civil authorities
for a sanctioned flare shoot-off -- usually a 15 minute period with a
specific, pre-ordained start and stop time where we will attempt to
light off pyrotechnic signals of all sorts (1) for the experience of
actually doing it and (2) to see how effective they might be in a real
situation -- along with (2b) to see if they actually work!  Good,
practical experience, but haven't tried it in a few years, and can't say
with any assurance that it's still an option.  But ask!)


Thanks to KK and to others who have added to this thread.  It reminds me
of the old days on P'Wise -- where practical safety issues and
experience drove the show versus dissonant discussions of T&E procedural
flaws.  Such discussions are too close to my work to be interesting but
lighting flares and working SAR exercises are fascinating!

Joq
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From: Will Jennings <will_at_bigwoodenradio.com>
subject: [Paddlewise] A good read suggestion
Date: Mon, 23 Jul 2007 11:19:39 -0400
The discussion of failed flares, float plans, and other critical  
points of 'planning' as they relate to 'failure'
take on a more substantive depth in Laurence Gonzales'  book, Deep  
Survival (in paperback on Norton Press).

More than a collection of post-mortem investigative summaries,  
Gonzales cites numerous neuro-psych-pathology
experts to propose a model of 'who lives, who dies, and why'.

Experts with training are not exempt...and he offers very telling  
reasons beyond 'familiarity breeds contempt'.

A great deal of this discussion has to do with separating 'emotional'  
prompts from 'feelings'.
One of these arguments is that we do not run from grizzly bears  
because we are afraid.
We are afraid of grizzly bears because we run.

This suggests that the emotional memory is hardwired and often  
contradicts even the most ingrained training.
SCUBA divers, in surprising numbers, are found drowned with air in  
their tanks and fully functioning regulators.
In some state of panic, they respond to a primary emotional urge to  
breathe by removing the mask that covers
their mouth and nose...exactly what they don't want to do.

When we talk about packing flares, bail out bags, learning and  
practising all manner of skills (strokes, recoveries, scenario  
training),
we are assembling a 'system' that promises a greater chance of  
survival for those who learn and adopt such practices.
That works, right up until it doesn't.

SAR people familiar with going after lost hikers know that many  
become lost precisely because they are so convinced in the
infallibility of their navigational 'instincts' or even actual map  
reading skills.  Once on a solo hike off trail north of Jasper,
I was convinced I'd found a specific high lake in thick mist and  
fog.  I would have bet the ranch on it.  In the morning, a clear  
morning,
I began the day like I always did....by triangulating my position on  
the topo so that I'd have a 'known' starting point.

Ooops.  I was one drainage over and at a smaller, similarly shaped  
pond of a lake.  Had I not began the day by triangulating,
I would have started my day's travel with an erroneous mental map.  I  
would have likely corrected it and figure it out
before something really dangerous happened. But the truth is, I was  
lucky the weather went well instead of into a June blizzard.

I recommend this book because it will give you a set of fresh eyes on  
planning, training, skills, and 'systems'
geared for those who engage in risk-involved activities.  I can't  
think of a better companion read to 'Deep Trouble'.
Both will combine to pose questions worth serious pondering.

-Will

ps. I have no financial interest in either books, Norton Publishing  
or yada yada yada.
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From: Martin, Jack <martin.jack_at_solute.us>
subject: RE: [Paddlewise] A good read suggestion
Date: Mon, 23 Jul 2007 11:08:18 -0600
Will Jennings' excellent "good read" post reminded me of some of Ed
Gillet's stories.  (I took a weekend "beginners' clinic" with Ed about
12 years ago, and we discussed his Hawaiian expedition at some length.
Interestingly, at that time, his reaction to a North Atlantic US/Europe
transit was that it was too dangerous.  Take that in context when you
read his story at http://mwatton.customer.netspace.net.au/pacific.html.
I wasn't a beginner in 1995, but I felt like it with Ed, and learned
more in that weekend than in the rest of my  almost 18 years in sea
kayaks.)

A 2003 C&K interview at
http://www.canoekayak.com/features/stories/gillet/ is a little too
glossy and cute, but there's some information there, too.

Joq
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From: Craig Jungers <crjungers_at_gmail.com>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] A good read suggestion
Date: Tue, 24 Jul 2007 15:24:02 -0400
On 7/23/07, Will Jennings <will_at_bigwoodenradio.com> wrote:
>
>
> SAR people familiar with going after lost hikers know that many
> become lost precisely because they are so convinced in the
> infallibility of their navigational 'instincts' or even actual map
> reading skills.  Once on a solo hike off trail north of Jasper,
> I was convinced I'd found a specific high lake in thick mist and
> fog.  I would have bet the ranch on it. .......
>
> .....Ooops.  I was one drainage over and at a smaller, similarly shaped
> pond of a lake.



Anyone who navigates must surely have had a similar experience. At a small
airport (now closed) north of Seattle we named a nearby body of water "Lake
WTF" (you can feel free to provide your own words for the initials) because
it was so similar to the lake just south of the airport. The name came from
an exclamation, "WTF happened to the airport?" uttered by a close friend on
what should have been final approach. The problem of actually finding the
airport was created by nearby Paine Field and the necessity to stay low and
outside their traffic zones. This airstrip (Martha Lake for those who are
interested) was placed off-limits by all local aircraft rental businesses
(FBOs) because it was short (1500 feet), difficult to find and had an
approach hampered by one very tall tree; which was why we liked it,
actually.

Over the years I've visited "WTF Mountain", "WTF Island" and "WTF Bay" plus,
no doubt, more  similar places graciously erased from my memory by the
intervening decades. None were fatal but some of them could have been.

A close friend, returning from the Mexican mainland to La Paz (near the tip
of the Baja) at night (and before GPS) turned into a by he was sure had La
Paz at its end. Unfortunately for him and his boat (and his cruising
lifestyle) he was one bay south and sailed up onto a sandy beach while on a
course that should have taken him safely on to the anchorage in La Paz.

GPS has done wonders for the art of navigation; mostly elminating the "art"
portion. But you can still get mixed up. One time in the Wasp Islets of the
San Juan Islands I found Crane Island while looking for Deer Harbor on
Orcas. My GPS was set to "north up" and I just got confused for about 15
minutes. Meanwhile, of course, the marina at Deer Harbor (with all its
boats) was clearly visible off to my left.

I once sold my airplane and bought a boat using the excuse, "in a boat you
can at least stop and think it over". This is only true if you actually stop
and think.

It pays to be a little skeptical about your navigational abilities. Even if
you have a GPS sitting right there on your spray skirt.


Craig Jungers
Royal City, WA
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From: Mark Arnold <mjamja_at_earthlink.net>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] A good read suggestion
Date: Tue, 24 Jul 2007 14:06:06 -0600
Craig wrote:
>
> I once sold my airplane and bought a boat using the excuse, "in a boat you
> can at least stop and think it over". This is only true if you actually
stop
> and think.
>

Is it the "stopping" part or the "thinking" part you have a problem with? :)

Mark J. Arnold 
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From: Michael Daly <michaeldaly_at_greatlakeskayaker.ca>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] A good read suggestion
Date: Tue, 24 Jul 2007 18:25:54 -0400
Mark Arnold wrote:

> Is it the "stopping" part or the "thinking" part you have a problem with? :)


In some outdoor books, S.T.O.P. is Stop, Think, Organize, Proceed.

Mike
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From: Doug Lloyd <douglloyd_at_shaw.ca>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] 0 for 3!!!
Date: Sat, 21 Jul 2007 23:09:02 -0700
I enjoyed the post too. I'd like to do an in-depth article for SeaKayaker 
Magazine some day regarding flares and rescue visibility. Someone may beat 
me to the punch, though.

There is an alternative to swimming from your kayak and needing a rescue - 
just tether yourself. I know, tethers are dangerous and we are all just 
between swims...

I bought my 14 year old daughter a well-made fiberglass (can paint it pink 
for her) sit-on-top kayak this weekend - possibly a Laser Blade according to 
Matt B. (ever tried to stump this guy on kayak identifications - almost 
impossible I think). It has a day hatch on the back right side behind the 
well, a back-center lunch hatch, and a full size hatch on the front deck 
with a hole plug for a mast on the foredeck. I found a Pelican flare set in 
the hull, with aluminum cartridge hand-held smoke flares included with the 
pencil flare set. Will have to try them out. Must be 25 years old or so.

I liked Mr. Martin's sentence:
"Problem was, he was now somewhere in the middle of a half-mile wide flaming 
debris field of rescue stuff and flotsam and jetsam, and it took us a 
half-hour to find the poor bugger."

Sounds like the debris field that fans out after one of those poorly made, 
lightweight sea kayaks breaks up in heavy seas, to me. :-)

Speaking of flaming debris fields, I cut-in a rebate window into the kitchen 
today, then sprayed a can of expanding foam around the inside perimeter. 
Didn't know the chili on the gas stove top was still cooking. The wet-foam 
circumference of the window caught on fire from the expelled gases. Very 
entertaining. My daughter was wondering if I was going to jump through the 
window - circus style. Oh well, at least I didn't set of any flares in the 
bathtub.

Doug Lloyd



> As a former US Navy Parachute Rigger, [Parachutes, Inflatables, & LOX 
> systems, I give you a Salute for such a well written piece. Great info 
> here, the last paragraph is worth repeating:
>
> Martin, Jack wrote:
>> As a former combat search and rescue pilot, I'll weigh in here from a
>> perspective of 300 to 500 feet above you and your capsized boat.
>
> [sniparoni, the Internet Treat]
>
>> Consider your environment.  Consider who might look for you.  What will
>> they see?  (We had a man-overboard situation one day in low-key carrier
>> operations at sea where a sailor lost his footing and wound up in the
>> water.  Everybody saw it, everybody saw him.  And everybody helped by
>> throwing life vests, mattresses, pallets, rafts, huge flares, etc. into
>> the water to mark his spot.  Problem was, he was now somewhere in the
>> middle of a half-mile wide flaming debris field of rescue stuff and
>> flotsam and jetsam, and it took us a half-hour to find the poor bugger.
>> So figure out how to stand out in that debris field -- or in some of the
>> urban waters in which we paddle.  Comms, active short- or long-source
>> visual night signals, smoke as a day signal (how many PWCs emit a
>> quarter mile stream of flourescent smoke?) and passive identifiers like
>> flourescent paddle blades (that can be seen in fog or haze long before
>> anything else) and retro-tape.  Think it through.  Where are you
>> potentially going to be if you encounter trouble.  From 300 feet, your
>> head and frantically splashing arms are, at best, another whitecap to me
>> in my helo.  Don't need no more whitecaps.  Got lots.  Stand out!  Tell
>> me where you are!  Show me where you are!  Or I might wind up leaving
>> you where you are 'cause I can't find you -- and I really don't like
>> that.
>>
>> Joq
>
> Great advice.
>
> mark
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From: Bob Carter <revkayak_at_aptalaska.net>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] 0 for 3!!!
Date: Fri, 20 Jul 2007 16:30:01 -0800
Good point but unfortunately for safety sake we tossed them into the sea lest
a delayed ignition set the boat on fire.
thanks
Bob

  ----- Original Message -----
  From: John H

  Hello Bob Carter - i would take them back to where you purchased the product
and ask them to respond in behalf of the manufacture.
  I would be interested in hearing the out come. i would also report it to the
local coast guard folks.
  Keep us posted, enquiring minds want to know.
  john
  Santa Rosa
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From: Michael Daly <michaeldaly_at_greatlakeskayaker.ca>
subject: [Paddlewise] [SPAM] Re: 0 for 3!!!
Date: Fri, 20 Jul 2007 18:24:02 -0400
Bob Carter wrote:

> I am thinking of going with the pistol type flare system though where I will
> store them on me while I paddle I have not figured out yet.

A couple of years ago, I found a neat design for a 12g flare launcher 
that was a folding tube design rather than a pistol.  It was slightly 
larger than two pencil flares, so well suited to a PFD pocket.

That was the good news.  The bad news was that the company was bought by 
Orion (or their parent company) and they decided to scrap the product in 
favour of their old, bulky pistol design.  So, I never was able to get 
one... though I looked through a bunch of marine shops hoping to find 
one in their old stock.

I just looked to see if anything new is available and - no luck. 
However, I did find the following - a CSI's view of a flare gun.  If 
nothing else, it shows that the Skyblazer flares are better than the 
Orion flares when used in the Orion flare gun.

http://www.noedelscientific.com/user/Flaregun1.pdf

Mike
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