RE: [Paddlewise] RE: Michigan Paddler Lost on a Newfoundland Paddle trip

From: Martin, Jack <martin.jack_at_solute.us>
Date: Fri, 9 Jul 2010 00:19:56 +0000
Craig Jungers wrote

A helicopter, with its ability to fly slowly, probably could home in on a
beacon transmitting on 121.5.

Joq probably has a better insight to this.


Nope -- your insight is right on the money, Craig.  It's possible for a SAR
helo -- or a fixed wing rescue aircraft -- to fly its "number one" needle in
automatic direction finding (ADF) mode to the signal source and mark "on top"
when the needle swings erratically and eventually points to the reciprocal
heading.  The signal should be somewhere close to that point.  "Close" is the
operative word, here.  There's a fairly substantial cone of ambiguity above a
signal like an EPIRB (emergency position-indicating radio beacon).

But, for practical purposes, that kind of approach to SAR has been supplanted
by the international COSPAS-SARSAT system (Search and Rescue Satellite-Aided
Tracking in France, Canada and the U.S., with COSPAS being the equivalent
acronym in Russian) where an EPIRB transmits a coded, digital 406 MHz signal
when a vessel is in distress; this signal is received by a set of
geostationary and polar-orbital satellites which work together to specifically
identify and localize the activated EPIRB.  The satellites, in conjunction
with a ground station, create a GPS address for the signal, and send messages
to SAR centers which then task an operations center that, in turn, launches a
ready aircraft.  Depending on the distances involved, this may be a fixed wing
aircraft or a helicopter -- frequently both.  Essentially, that's all a SAR
bird gets these days -- a fly-to point at a specific GPS address; some
launches result from radio calls or from reports from shore observers, but
that's a visual solution for the pilots.  (Note: some 406 MHz beacons also
report their GPS location, enhancing and accelerating a SAR solution.)  The
older 121.5 MHz beacons are no longer monitored by COSPAS-SARSAT, although a
rescue aircraft can still home in on a broadcasting 121.5 (or 243) MHz EPIRB.

The information provided either by a COSPAS-SARSAT solution or an observation
or distress call gets you close to the survivor.  Or right on top of a
survivor.  But that last bit can be the hardest.  Seeing a person -- even a
kayak hull -- in all that confusing background is hard.  For that, many --
maybe most -- Navy, Air Force and Coast Guard SAR flight crews launching at
night use night vision goggle (NVG) equipment to see the thermal contrasts
created by a person in cooler water.  But that's another story.

Joq
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Received on Thu Jul 08 2010 - 17:20:11 PDT

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