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From: Rev. Bob Carter <revkayak_at_ptialaska.net>
subject: [Paddlewise] whales and kayaks
Date: Mon, 23 Oct 2000 23:21:18 -0800
Seems my orginal post on whales has resulted in considerable discussion on the
ethics of observing whale and other wildlife. 


Admittedly I often find myself within the 100 yard limit with whales and
sealions. I paddle out to the general area and wait and to be honest, hope for
a close look. 


However I observe the following personal ethics in watching wildlife. 


I do not aggressively pursue wildlife. (the whales in silver bay pop up at
random places so trying to chase them would be fruitless anyway.) On a couple
of occasions I could have paddled into the midst of a pod or even gotten close
enough to touch one...I wisely avoided the temptation. 


I stay away from mothers and young (i.e. seals and their pups on ice bergs)


I watch the animal behavior for signs that my presence is causing stress.
(whale for instance will slap their tails on the water)


even though I was recently ask to take a bunch of college students out with me
to see whales I said not because too many kayaks I beleve could stress the
whales





    Some may find fault with what I and melissa as we paddle amid whales but
an interesting encounter between a whale and a kayaker happened he in Sitka a
couple years ago that is a story of a kayaker coming to the aid of a whale in
trouble.


a local kayaker was out for a day paddle when he spotted a young humpback
whale and something didn't look right. he paddled over for a closer look and
discovered that tangled around the tail of the whale was a rope. the rope
turned out to be from a commercial crab pot with both the bouy and the crab
pot still attached. the young whale was trying to drag this through the water.

the kayaker alerted fish and game via his VHF. (another good reason to carry a
radio)


The whale appeared extremely tired so fish and game was able to get close
enough to cut the buoy and pot free. However when last seen some of the line
was still wrapped around the whale's tail.


   Happy paddling


Bob


Sitka





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From: Melissa Reese <melissa_at_bonnyweeboaty.net>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] whales and kayaks
Date: Tue, 24 Oct 2000 11:29:00 -0700
Rev. Bob wrote:

>>Seems my orginal post on whales has resulted in considerable 
discussion on the ethics of observing whale and other wildlife.<<


Though there have been subsequent posts regarding this, I would like 
to go off on a slightly more philosophical tangent for a moment, and 
Rev. Bob's words here provide a nice put-in spot...

While it is certainly true that we humans represent the greatest 
danger to just about all other forms of life on this planet - 
bacterial, plant, animal, ourselves and each other, etc. - I also 
believe that much of this is caused by our tendency to artificially 
separate ourselves from "our environment", in addition to our over 
zealous exploitation of "natural resources" for our own convenience.

Instead of dealing with the more direct cause of destruction to "our 
environment" (including "wildlife"), which might cause us a bit of 
inconvenience perhaps, we construct a veneer of "responsible rules 
and regulations" that, in the long run, do very little to mitigate 
the real problems we've created for "all that nature out there".

I'm not saying that we don't need some enforcible guidelines, as 
obviously, many of us are just too stupid, careless, and selfish to 
employ common sense.

Though it is as important for us to respect the lives of the 
non-humans as it is to respect other humans, if we really want to 
prevent injury and death to other species, we'd have to do much more 
than slap a few "responsible rules and regulations" on to our 
recreational activities...

How many of us are ready and willing to give up our aesthetically 
hideous suburban sprawl that constantly encroaches on the natural 
habitat of creatures we end up killing because we feel threatened 
when they come [back] into our "neighborhoods"?  Our massive factory 
farming, with all it's toxic waste seeping into the water table?  Our 
dumping of toxic wastes into the sea?  Our fossil fuel and all it's 
consequences to land, sea, and air?  etc., etc...

Rev. Bob's words again:

>>"... the ethics of •observing• whale and other wildlife."...<<

Until I remember where I parked my spaceship - or remember if I ever 
had one - I will consider myself to be a native creature of this 
planet - just like all that "wildlife" OUT THERE.  Being a creature 
of this planet, I do feel that it's entirely possible to have 
perfectly "natural" interactions with another species.  

While I am very concerned that we "do no harm", and in addition to 
being careful to not cause bodily injury to our fellow creatures, I 
also believe in simply being polite to others - be they human or 
otherwise.  And so...  just as it would be impolite to chase after 
another human who didn't want to be bothered, or to pet them on the 
head if they didn't want us to, I offer that same respect to the 
"wildlife" I encounter.

Of course, I now expect to hear a chorus of "anthropomorphism!" in 
regards to my perception that the whales I interact with might 
actually "enjoy" my company, and/or might even "want" me to interact 
with them to the extent that I do.  Fine... but isn't that it's own 
form of anthropomorphism?  To believe that you know better than I 
what "they" might want or not want (or need or not need?) - and to 
then call my perceptions anthropomorphism?

The whale that comes up to me and gently nudges my elbow is not 
looking for food (as perhaps a bear in Yellowstone might be by 
approaching so close).  The whale that swims alongside me for hours 
is not trying to avoid my "chasing" it.  When I paddle along and I'm 
joined by eight whales and we go across the bay together, with them 
"playfully" swimming in intricate formations and variations around 
each other (more anthropomorphism?) am I really endangering their 
lives because they will "lose their fear of me"?  I don't think so.  
If they approach another human, and are killed for their social 
behavior, it is the human who killed them who killed them - not my 
joyous interaction with them.

It is the "scientific" and commercial whaling operations that kill 
them.  It is the lack of food sources due to our toxic pollution of 
the sea that kills them.  It is the blades of a propeller on a boat 
carelessly driven over the back of a whale in shallow water that 
kills them. etc., etc...  

----------------

In a later post, Bruce McC wrote:

>>I have no doubts that the previous posters mean no harm to the 
creatures  that they encounter. Their passion for nature is evident. 
I would ask two  questions. Did the creature benefit from the 
interaction? What would be the  motivation for the contact?
 
I see commercial tour leaders baiting monkeys on the Silver River and 
I see  people feeding alligators everywhere, both are against the 
law. Are these  actions for the benefit of the animal? Both actions 
will inevitably lead to  the destruction of the animal. The monkey 
and alligator will both become more  aggressive toward people and 
demand food.
 
There is a crisis in Wilderness ethic, whether the wild be woods or 
whales  makes no difference. We love our Wilderness to death. If the 
question is who  will draw the lines with respect to use/abuse. The 
answer is the lines have been drawn.<<

----------------

As I've written just above, the whales I interact with are not 
looking for food - or at me as food - they are interacting with me 
entirely on a social level. 

While I entirely agree with the concept of not feeding "wildlife" our 
nutritionally deficient processed food - like with the bears in 
Yellowstone - perhaps we can look at WHY we end up killing them when 
they become "too comfortable" with us...

They break into our cars to find food... (property damage, insurance 
premiums going up, scratches on the paint, etc.).  

"Can't have that - better kill the beast!" 

They become aggressive and "threaten" us for more food... 

"Can't have that either - better kill the beast!"

So sure - on one hand, we do obviously stupid things, and as a 
result, we feel threatened, and then we kill.

When you (Bruce) mention the concept of "use/abuse", I feel there's 
something missing... 

There is, in my opinion, something more to life than just use and 
abuse - the concept of living "in harmony" with one's surroundings - 
including with the other creatures we share this space with.  An 
interaction between a human and another species is not necessarily an 
"unnatural" occurrence.  And yes - I do further believe that it can 
be a joyous thing to be celebrated. 

----------------

and later, Mark said:

>>Reminds me of the debates about what kind of shoes we should use 
when hiking, to protect the dirt we walk on.  Gimme a break.

Mark<<

----------------

To completely change the subject, I'll mention a funny incident 
involving the mention of shoes...

When Martha Graham (the dancer/choreographer) was still alive, a 
friend of mine was in her dance company.  He had recently come here 
from Italy, and his English was still in the formative stages.

He was having trouble with pain in his feet, and Martha asked him:  
"what kind of shoes do you wear?"

and he replied:  "Italian - aren't they supposed to be the best?"

That's all for now...

Melissa






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From: rdempsey <rdempsey_at_CALAMITY.WYOMING.COM>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] whales and kayaks
Date: Tue, 24 Oct 2000 17:51:51 -0400
Melissa...

 Your comments about anthropromorphism and "feeding the bears"  are  from my
original post. Why not credit them and reply to my comments, rather than
setting up "straw men"? To be quite blunt: your behaviour (interactions with
marine mammals)  is illegal, whether you agree with the Marine Mammals Act
or not.
These animals are NOT your "friends". They are a sentient life form at best
, co-existing  in a human world, which specializes in destroying other
life-forms as well as   themselves. (I will send you a list of plants and
animal extinct solely by human activity in the last 200 years if you wish)

You have no more right to "pet" the whales than I have  the right to  touch
a beautiful six year old girl.  It is WRONG. It is illegal. It is sinful, it
is immoral, and it is unethical.  And , it harms  and corrupts the intended
recipient of our affection. That is one of the reasons that  civil society
has created  laws to protect the innocent against sociopaths who believe
that their "intentions" are welcomed and reciprocated by the victim.   I
believe that most American's have a very strong concept  of what
"molestation" is when it involves their own children an family. Please
extend your own feelings of personal space to the rest of the animal
Kingdom.
Rich Dempsey

ridem_at_msn.com
rdempsey_at_wyoming.com


 ----- Original Message -----
From: "Melissa Reese" <melissa_at_bonnyweeboaty.net>
To: <PaddleWise_at_paddlewise.net>
Sent: Tuesday, October 24, 2000 2:29 PM
Subject: Re: [Paddlewise] whales and kayaks


(big snip)

Of course, I now expect to hear a chorus of "anthropomorphism!" in
regards to my perception that the whales I interact with might
actually "enjoy" my company, and/or might even "want" me to interact
with them to the extent that I do.  Fine... but isn't that it's own
form of anthropomorphism?  To believe that you know better than I
what "they" might want or not want (or need or not need?) - and to
then call my perceptions anthropomorphism?

The whale that comes up to me and gently nudges my elbow is not
looking for food (as perhaps a bear in Yellowstone might be by
approaching so close).  The whale that swims alongside me for hours
is not trying to avoid my "chasing" it.  When I paddle along and I'm
joined by eight whales and we go across the bay together, with them
"playfully" swimming in intricate formations and variations around
each other (more anthropomorphism?) am I really endangering their
lives because they will "lose their fear of me"?  I don't think so.
If they approach another human, and are killed for their social
behavior, it is the human who killed them who killed them - not my
joyous interaction with them.



"



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From: Richard Culpeper <culpeper_at_tbaytel.net>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] whales and kayaks
Date: Tue, 24 Oct 2000 22:45:10 -0400
I expect that everyone on the list can agree that they want only the best for
the whales, so let's get back to looking at how to do the best for them.
Let's look at the harms of anthromorphism when weighed against the promotion
of species protection brought about in part through anthromorphism.  Let's
look at the difference between loving and loving to death.  We've seen black.
We've seen white.  Now let's take a closer look at the infinite shades of
grey.

Cheers,
Richard


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From: Kevin Stevens <Kevin_Stevens_at_bigfoot.com>
subject: RE: [Paddlewise] whales and kayaks
Date: Tue, 24 Oct 2000 21:08:15 -0700
Being a solipsistic type, I don't necessarily want what's best for the whales,
but if you want to take a closer look at some of the different shades...

http://www.hackstadt.com/features/whale/

Beware touching the whales, sometimes they can touch back!  ;)

KeS

> -----Original Message-----
> From: owner-paddlewise_at_paddlewise.net
> [mailto:owner-paddlewise_at_paddlewise.net]On Behalf Of Richard Culpeper
> Sent: Tuesday, October 24, 2000 19:45
> To: PaddleWise_at_paddlewise.net
> Subject: Re: [Paddlewise] whales and kayaks
>
>
> I expect that everyone on the list can agree that they want only the best for
> the whales, so let's get back to looking at how to do the best for them.
> Let's look at the harms of anthromorphism when weighed against the promotion
> of species protection brought about in part through anthromorphism.  Let's
> look at the difference between loving and loving to death.  We've seen black.
> We've seen white.  Now let's take a closer look at the infinite shades of
> grey.
>
> Cheers,
> Richard
>


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From: Richard Culpeper <culpeper_at_tbaytel.net>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] whales and kayaks
Date: Wed, 25 Oct 2000 00:17:18 -0400
Is bobbing about and touching whales in contravention of the Marine Mammal
Protection Act?  No.  The statute is more about shooting or chasing, to my
knowledge has never been applied against bobbers, and has not been contravened
by any of the actions presented so far in this thread.  The closest it comes is
as follows:

"(18)(A) The term ''harassment'' means any act of pursuit,
    torment, or annoyance which -
        (i) has the potential to injure a marine mammal or marine
      mammal stock in the wild; or
        (ii) has the potential to disturb a marine mammal or marine
      mammal stock in the wild by causing disruption of behavioral
      patterns, including, but not limited to, migration, breathing,
      nursing, breeding, feeding, or sheltering."

Bobbing and touching at the wrong time could very well contravene the act, but
there is no evidence of this having been done.

Even if by some convolution of plain meaning the activity presented were in
contravention, I suggest that the law should not be taken as the be all and end
all.  This very same statute also permits the importation of polar bear trophies
from Canada.  Let's face it, this, and most statutes, are combinations of
over-reactions and compromises, so while they generally lumber along in the
right direction, they often are not as fine-tuned as one might want them to be.

The statute has a couple of telling exemptions -- one for research and one for
Alaskan native people.  Let's generally call these exemptions educational and
cultural.  Well, how about making an exemption for artists and communicitors?
The action presented is being done by artist who communicates what she
experiences, so how about an exemption for her?  Seeing as there is a relatively
recent amendment to the statute to permit the harassing of a marine mammal in
order to save it from some greater harm, how about an exemption permitting very
minor intrustion so that ultimately the public can be brought closer to an
understanding of the marine mammal through atistic communication?  Great public
relations for the save the whale cause.  But of course it would never make it to
the table or would get lost in the legislative wash.  Too bad the polar bear
sport throphy exmption did not get lost.

So instead of arguing over what is legal or not, let's get to the heart of the
matter.  1.  Does repeated bobbing and touching by the same person over a period
of time cause any harm to the whales being contacted?  2.  Is there a benefit to
the whales in an artist and a promoter of whales communing with whales and then
communicating the experience to the general public?  3.  Does the harm, if any,
outweight the benefit, if any?

Cheers,
Richard




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From: Richard Culpeper <culpeper_at_tbaytel.net>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] whales and kayaks
Date: Wed, 25 Oct 2000 21:27:46 -0400
Hi Mark:

The Marine Mammals Potection Act was made in 1972, and ammended in 1988
and
1994.

The definitions section to which I referred, 16 USC Sec 1362, is at
http://law2.house.gov/uscode-cgi/fastweb.exe?getdoc+uscview+t13t16+6504+0++16%3Acite%20w%2F3%201362

You can find all US federal statutes at
http://uscode.house.gov/usc.htm

If you are new to finding your way through US statutes, a good tutorial
can be
found at Brandeis Unversity at
http://www.brandeis.edu/departments/legal_studies/research/home.html

It is usually difficult to find a pinpoint within the US Code unless you
know
what you are looking for ahead of time.  Cornell University has a very
handy
searchable index at
http://www4.law.cornell.edu/uscode/

Ideally, though, a topical annotated index is usually the best place to
start.
For US enviromental issues, try the US Fish and Wildlife Service Federal
Wildlife Laws Handbook at
http://ipl.unm.edu/cwl/fedbook/index_statute.htm

If all else fails, the mother of all legal research web sites is Hieros
Gamos
http://www.hg.org/hgfr.html

For a solid overview of the history of the MMPA and how it has been
interpreted
in the courts (particularly how the term "harassment" has been
judicially
defined), check out the report at the University of California at Davis
http://ps.ucdavis.edu/classes/161-99/students/AH/statutoryevolution1.html

Cases to look at include Strong v. United States -- feeding a dolphin
disturbs its regular feeding pattern and makes it less likely to catch
its
own food; this distrbance constitutes harassment, so feeding a dolphin
is illegal.

Another interesting case is Tepley v. United States -- following whales
with a
power boat and then hopping into the water and extensively touching was
originally
deemed harassment, but was overturned on appeal -- what is interesting
is the
original trial court's non-binding obiter in recommending a distance
between
whales and watchers.  The higher court shot down the lower court judge's
strong
stand by finding that the behavioural pattern was not disturbed (thus my
position
that bobbing and incidental touching is not a violation of the MMPA). 
BTW, it is
worth seeing what Dr. Tepley has been doing recently to promote
legislation to
protect whales from low frequency active sonar.

The case that really frustrates me is United States v. Hayashi, in which
the
Court of Appeal correctly found that no criminal penalty can be attached
for negligent
conduct concerning the MMPA -- in this one a fellow got off after trying
to scare
dolphins away from his fishing line by shoot toward them -- once again a
bubba with
a gun finds protection in his own stupidity.  A solid decision, but one
which I personally
dislike.

What I suggest these cases lead to is that harassment can be just about
anything
that causes or may cause harm, and harm includes a change in the basic
behavioural
pattern, but if there is no forseeable harm, then passive interaction is
not prohibited.

Cheers,
Richard Culpeper

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