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From: Mark Arnold <mjamja_at_earthlink.net>
subject: [Paddlewise] Loading & handling
Date: Wed, 19 Feb 2003 20:57:53 -0600
On day trips my Mariner Elan seems to be very sensitive to loading.  In 15
mph wind I can change from weathercocking to neutral just by moving 1 qt of
water from under my front bungee to right behind my seat. That is about a 3
ft movement. My kayak does not have a sliding seat, nor rudder, nor skeg. I
have spent a lot of time working out seat location and gear loading to keep
the kayak neutral and still be able to enter kayak without having to slide
in from the rear deck. The best I can do is to set up the kayak so it has a
slight lee-cock quartering into the wind and a slight weather-cock when
quartering downwind.  Straight broadside seems to be neutral.  I also
noticed that I need more weight in front (or less in back) when paddling in
waves compared to flat water(both at same wind speed) to get to the neutral
handling point.  I had similar experience with my Arctic Hawk.  


I am planning a multi-day camping trip with the Elan. I am concerned about
loading the kayak so it starts out balanced and maintains the balance as I
consume water and food.  I can do some tests pre-trip to determine the
initial loading but I do have a couple of questions.

1. Is this sensitivity to loading typical of other kayaks or am I just
imagining things?  (Several paddlers have said that they never have noticed
this kind of thing.  Some say they pay attention to not putting everything
heavy in one end, but do not worry about loading same each time)

2. Do I need to test balance at each days expected water and food amount or
can I just make sure I take approximate equal amounts of water out of front
and back each day assuming I have a neutral kayak at the start of trip.

3. Do I even need to worry about exactly matching weight loss front and
rear once I have a neutral starting load. (Change in water balance is small
in comparison to total load in the kayak).  This would save lots of testing
and/or filling refilling water containers each day.

4. Is there a way of marking the kayak for a visual check of balance at
different total loadings?  I was thinking of front and back lines on kayak
side that would be equal distance from water when kayak was balanced. 
Distance to water would change with loading, but would maintaining equal
distance for the two lines indicate kayak should still be balanced?  Being
a mile out in open water with waves breaking over the kayak is not a good
time to realize you messed up the loading.

--- Mark Arnold
--- mjamja_at_earthlink.net
--- EarthLink: The #1 provider of the Real Internet.


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From: Kirk Olsen <kork4_at_cluemail.com>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] Loading & handling
Date: Thu, 20 Feb 2003 04:30:11 -0800
On Wed, 19 Feb 2003 20:57:53 -0600, "Mark Arnold" <mjamja_at_earthlink.net>
said:

I grew up racing tandem marathon flatwater canoes.  

As a starter point we had lines painted on the inside of the hull that
you could see from
the seat.  For the bow seat this was about a foot back from the bow.  
You can see the water through the skincoat kevlar hulls so after getting
both
paddlers in the boat we would adjust the sliding seats so that the boat
was a little under
an inch bow heavy.  That way once the canoe was up to speed it was
travelling level.

If we encountered strong winds we would adjust the sliding seats, while
under way, so that
we could continue to paddle with similar number of strokes on each side.  

Figuring this out is pretty easy, the boat acts like a giant weathervane,
the "heavy" end will
get turned into the wind.  If you are turning into the wind the boats
balance needs to be adjusted
toward the stern.  If you are turning downwind the boat's weight balance
needs to be adjusted toward
the bow.

A boat that is set up overly bow heavy can be brutal to control.  You can
paddle forward for a while but
once the boat starts to turn it will start to spin, unless the turn is
stopped early on.  A stern heavy
boat will be easier to bring back into line but it will tend to wander.

If you want an easy visual how the boat is set up you might paint small
waterline marks at the bow and stern.
One line, at each end, one for unloaded, and a second line for fully
loaded.  

After a few test runs I'm sure you'll know just how you want the boat set
up.  Doing the lines on the outside
would make you use a paddling partner to judge your trim, or you would
have to do it without being in the boat.
It won't take long figure out how you like the boat trimmed, after that
it's just a quick glance to see if it's
a differential that you like.

Kirk
-- 
  Kirk Olsen
  kork4_at_cluemail.com
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From: Chuck Holst <cholst_at_bitstream.net>
subject: RE: [Paddlewise] Loading & handling
Date: Thu, 20 Feb 2003 13:45:34 -0600
I put trim lines on my old Wenonah Jensen 18 like Kirk did, but later I 
glued a small bubble level next to the stern seat so I wouldn't need 
someone else to read the trim lines for me. You might try putting a small, 
temporary level on your deck until you get a feel for how best to load your 
boat, maybe mounting it to a piece of wood that will fit under your 
bungees. Just don't try to use it in waves!

Chuck Holst


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From: Kirk Olsen <kork4_at_cluemail.com>
subject: RE: [Paddlewise] Loading & handling
Date: Thu, 20 Feb 2003 13:52:43 -0800
On Thu, 20 Feb 2003 13:45:34 -0600, "Chuck Holst" <cholst_at_bitstream.net>
said:
> I put trim lines on my old Wenonah Jensen 18 like Kirk did, but later I 
> glued a small bubble level next to the stern seat so I wouldn't need 
> someone else to read the trim lines for me.

The boats we had the trim lines in had the lines inside the boat.  You
can see the water through the hull.    I've always liked watching the
wave forms in the bow through the kevlar.

> You might try putting a small bubble level

With the bubble level I would expect it would take a while to build a
wedge for the level
to mount on, which would allow the bubble level to be in line with the
neutral position of
the hull, given a canted kayak deck.

In a canoe I've found the lazy man's approach was throw a little water
inside the boat on
the bottom.  It should stay in the middle while paddling but inch foward
while at rest, this
assumes a minimal rocker boat....

Kirk
-- 
  Kirk Olsen
  kork4_at_cluemail.com
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From: Matt Broze <mkayaks_at_oz.net>
subject: RE: [Paddlewise] Loading & handling
Date: Fri, 21 Feb 2003 17:36:26 -0800
Mark, I think you are making this far more complicated than you need to.
When in doubt "Read The Directions". According to the "Paddling" manual for
your kayak:
"When carrying a lot of gear it is usually best to balance it so the load
behind the cockpit weighs nearly 2 times as much as the bow load. The room
taken up for legs and feet make the bow load about 1-1/2 to 2 times farther
from the center of buoyancy than the rear load. Therefore, putting equal
weight in each end would sink the bow much more than the stern. The heavier
the gear load the greater the percentage of that weight that should be in
the stern. A kayak will track straighter and broach less in following seas
if stern heavy because the stern keel is deeper in the water than the bow.
Weathercocking in side winds is intensified when a kayak is more heavily
loaded. Placing the heaviest weight in the rear helps decrease
weathercocking. Even with the bow trimmed higher, turning a loaded kayak
into a strong wind is not nearly as difficult as turning an empty one can
be. The added gear weight prevents the ends from blowing around so easily.
It is not necessary to carry a balance scale along with you to pack your
boat. Approximations are fine, I just put all the heaviest bags, water, and
fuel in the back and the lightest bags forward.
    When loading a kayak, also make an effort to keep the heaviest items,
such as water, closer to the cockpit (but behind you) in order to retain as
much responsiveness to the paddle as possible. Separate your gear into bags
containing compact heavy items and bulkier lightweight stuff. Put the
densest items (like water) just behind the cockpit and the less dense bags
out towards the ends and in the bow. With a small gear load always fill up
any space you are not using for storage with partially inflated float bags
to maximize flotation.
    Just before entering any loaded kayak, check to see that it floats on an
even keel (side to side) or you will probably discover that it has a
penchant for turning towards the high side. Turn over a gear bag or move
some heavy items, like water, more to the high side."
To this I would add: With a gear load it will take far more weight shift to
effect the trim than with an empty kayak and given the space available it is
hard to make the gear load too stern heavy. If after loading a kayak stern
heavy it is still weathercocking don't hesitate to put a couple of 2 liter
coke/water bottles way back in the stern or do something else that moves the
heaviest weight further to the back. About 2/3 of the way through the same
"Paddling" manual are directions to the easiest ways for "Combating
Weatherhelm" if you find it affecting you. The manual can be found in the
"Manuals" section of the website below.
Matt Broze
http://www.marinerkayaks.com


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From: Mark Arnold <mjamja_at_earthlink.net>
subject: RE: [Paddlewise] Loading & handling
Date: Sat, 22 Feb 2003 02:51:41 -0600
> Matt wrote,
> > Mark, I think you are making this far more complicated than you need to.
> > When in doubt "Read The Directions". According to the "Paddling" manual
for
> > your kayak:


I greatly resent Matt's "Read The Directions" comment.  I have always taken
great pride in the fact that I read all the manuals for my equipment and
often go back and re-read instructions even when doing routine tasks.

I have read the Owners manual and the Paddling manual multiple times.  In
fact it was partially the info on Mariner's site that prompted my question.
If as described, weathercocking increases with loading, I wondered if
losing weight from water and food consumption might not only warrant
rearrangement to the original front back ratio, but might require a
different ratio since a lighter kayak would not have the same tendency to
weathercock as the fully loaded one. Water and food consumption could
reduce load in my case by 60% (not total weight of kayak+paddler+load but %
gear loaded).

>From Matt's and others comments it seems I should not worry about trying to
continually change the back to front load ratio as total kayak load
declines. In fact I should not even need to exactly match back/front load
changes.  All I need do is to stay close to original ratio (which should be
around 2:1). 

Even though people indicated my concern was unfounded, I do not think I
needed to be told to just go back and read my instructions.  

--- Mark Arnold
--- mjamja_at_earthlink.net






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From: Matt Broze <mkayaks_at_oz.net>
subject: RE: [Paddlewise] Loading & handling
Date: Sat, 22 Feb 2003 02:14:03 -0800
I apologize to Mark for the "Read the Directions" comment. I meant no
offense by it. From what he wrote (and how others were going along with his
meticulously trying to maintain a level trim) it looked to me that he might
benefit from reading that part of the manual again more closely because it
is hard to error on the side of "too heavily loaded in the stern" when the
load is heavy. Loading a kayak with a stern heavy trim is the best thing you
can do to improve most heavily loaded kayaks handling. The point I wanted to
make was that there is almost no downside to doing so (other than that it is
hard to do given the relative spaces available--and a slight decrease in top
speed). Not only will weathercocking be reduced but broaching in following
seas will also be reduced. Most people find those two characteristics to be
the major problems in controlling their kayaks. Another benefit of a stern
down trim when heavily loaded is stiffer tracking. This is a benefit with a
heavy gear load (with its greater tendency to yaw due to the mass out near
the ends) but often stiff tracking is a liability when trying to turn up
into a wind when a kayak is empty. Since the mass of the gear in the bow
also keeps the wind from blowing the bow back as much on the crest of a
whitecap (and the stiffer tracking is more than compensated for by the
increased tendency of all that mass out at the end of the kayak to continue
its yawing motion once the yaw is set in motion by turning in the trough)
turning into a high wind is not nearly the same problem it can be with a
empty kayak. An empty kayak trimmed too much to the stern and/or one that
has too much windage forward and/or one that is too stiff tracking will
compound the difficulty of turning into a strong wind. All of these things
hurt an unladen kayaks ability to turn into a strong wind far more than they
hurt a loaded kayak. That is why I added the comment (to what was written in
the manual) to even shift heavy weight (like water) further to the back of
the stern compartment if one is still experiencing weathercocking after
loading the kayak stern heavy (but with the greatest mass right behind the
paddler as I advocated in the manual to help maintain responsiveness with a
heavy load). Of course, with a light load some of that gear weight should go
into the bow to help keep it from being blown around so don't put all the
gear in the back. Keeping the same trim as the kayak is progressively loaded
will likely still result in a little more weatherhelm than it had when
empty. Also when the load is heavy a given amount of weight in the same off
center position can't change the trim nearly as much as it can when the
kayak is unladen.

Matt Broze
http://www.marinerkayaks.com


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From: Mark Arnold <mjamja_at_earthlink.net>
subject: RE: [Paddlewise] Loading & handling
Date: Sat, 22 Feb 2003 17:08:06 -0600
> From: Matt Broze <mkayaks_at_oz.net>
> Date: 2/22/2003 4:14:03
> Subject: RE: [Paddlewise] Loading & handling
>
> I apologize to Mark for the "Read the Directions" comment. I meant no
> offense by it. 
>

My apologies also to Matt.

It was a long day and I over reacted. He just hit one of my buttons.

For what its worth: 

Matt's "shifting some of the water further back" idea did help.

The test paddle I did showed that it was almost exactly a 2:1 weight ratio
that produced the best handling.

I took a fresh look at how I was packing and found a few items that I could
switch between front and back that both increased weight in the rear and
reduced weight in the front. With that adjustment I was able to keep the
initial loading rear heavy (around the 2:1 ratio I had before) even with a
little water in front of my feet.  With less starting weight in the front
and more weight loss from the front (from water consumed) it looks like I
can stay near that 2:1 ratio for all the days I paddle without having to
refill water bottles with sea water or even rearrange any gear. 
 

--- Mark Arnold
--- mjamja_at_earthlink.net
--- EarthLink: The #1 provider of the Real Internet.






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