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From: Gary J. MacDonald <garyj_at_rogers.com>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] Testing
Date: Mon, 20 Sep 2004 10:22:35 -0400
Michael Daly wrote:

>On 17 Sep 2004 at 9:50, Gary J. MacDonald wrote:
>
>>I know that runners, for example, can often measure distances within 5% 
>>or less when they run at particular speeds where their body just clicks 
>>into rhythm.
>I used to keep a training diary when I was a "serious" athlete (XC ski 
>racing, running and bike racing).  Being an engineer, at the end of a year 
>of keeping the diary, I plotted the data and analysed it.  I found that 
>there was a significant variability - much more than 5%. I also had the 
>info in the diary on how I felt during the training.  Please allow me to 
>doubt your claim :-)
Please doubt!  It is in doubting that we learn!

What I was thinking of is that when I was a serious runner, I found that if 
I focused on measuring an unknown path or trail, I could come up with a 
pretty good measurement most of the time.  When possible I checked against 
maps or surveys, and usually found that I was quite close.  Some days I 
just couldn't do it.  I would start out and find that I couldn't maintain 
the pace.  Terrain I could allow for in my time/distance relation, but not 
the state of my body.  The pace I used for measuring was not fast, but some 
days I just couldn't "do it" with the confidence necessary to measure.

GaryJ
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From: Michael Daly <mikedaly_at_magma.ca>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] Testing
Date: Mon, 20 Sep 2004 12:21:16 -0400
On 20 Sep 2004 at 10:22, Gary J. MacDonald wrote:

> Terrain I could allow for in my
> time/distance relation, but not the state of my body.

This is the key and is what really stood out to me when I examined my 
diary data.  There was an obvious variability in my performance that 
wasn't noted in the diary entries - no matter how I _thought_ I did, 
the actual time vs distance said something else.

John W. has commented in the past about the unreliability of using 
humans to evaluate kayaks/paddles/etc.  If I know that I couldn't be 
consistent on the same bike over the same route when I was highly 
trained, how could I possibly be objective in evaluating the 
performance of different kayaks in different conditions today?  
Clearly, any testing method for this stuff has to be designed to 
remove the human element or at least reduce the influence of human 
subjectivity or inconsistency.

Mike
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From: Colin Calder <colin.calder_at_abdn.ac.uk>
subject: RE: [Paddlewise] Testing
Date: Wed, 22 Sep 2004 09:42:27 +0100
-----Original Message-----
From: owner-paddlewise_at_paddlewise.net
[mailto:owner-paddlewise_at_paddlewise.net] On Behalf Of Michael Daly
Subject: Re: [Paddlewise] Testing

Clearly, any testing method for this stuff has to be designed to remove the
human element or at least reduce the influence of human subjectivity or
inconsistency.

Mike
-----Original Message-----


Good science doesn't necessarily require the removal of the human element,
especially where it is an important component of the variable your trying to
test. Ignoring the diversity of paddling styles strikes me as odd ... for me
the motion of the paddle is complex, its also very different with Rasmunsen
style racing wing blades, greenland sticks, single bladed canoe paddles, or
flat 'euro' blades. Paddles don't paddle themselves, and the paddle is not
just for thrust but also for turning and support and feedback about what the
whole boat-paddler-paddle system is doing. I can't imagine that it would be
easy to replicate the different motions of just one paddler with different
blades even approximately by a robot in a tank. 
Even if you manage to build a half decent robot which can move a paddle in
sort of the same way a paddler does, applying power sort of when a paddler
does ... how would you test the rather wild assumption that the robotic
paddle tank data had any validity when extrapolated to human paddling?
Eventually you would have to design an experiment to test the tank data (or
a new paddle design derived using it) against real paddler performance for
it to have any rigour anyway. DOH! 

Perhaps for testing paddles an experimental design making appropriate use of
replicated performance with samples of paddlers (a methodology common to
many rigorous scientific disciplines) might actually be more appropriate
than robotic tank testing? But wait, such an experiment exists! ... its
called 'competitive sport', and the results are pretty clear .. If you want
to go fast in a kayak (sprint, marathon, ww racing) use (feathered) wing
paddles, if you want to do a lot of turning and stroke work (slalom, polo)
use (feathered) flat 'euro' paddles. No Greenland paddles are seen in
competitive sport outside greenland ... and there is a reason for that. I'd
wager if wing blades were permitted in the greenlandic races, they would
absolutely toast the sticks. If you train with wing paddles and also use
greenland paddles this is immediately and blindingly obvious.

The paradox is that even though my own experience indicates and the
experience of competitive canoe sport proves as a whole which paddles are
most efficient and fastest I still prefer greenland paddles mostly, because
I just like the feel of them. Test that in a tank or evaluate it in a kayak?

Cheers

Colin
www.kayakscotland.com
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From: Michael Daly <mikedaly_at_magma.ca>
subject: RE: [Paddlewise] Testing
Date: Wed, 22 Sep 2004 11:39:52 -0400
On 22 Sep 2004 at 9:42, Colin Calder wrote:

> Good science doesn't necessarily require the removal of the human
> element, especially where it is an important component of the variable
> your trying to test.

While all your comments are valid in their context, the purpose of 
the tests proposed is to evaluate the paddles independent of the 
paddler.  

If we want a fairly complete understanding of the paddles, we need to 
study them both independent of the paddler and in the paddler's 
hands.  Since the big debate lately is on the paddle performance 
characteristics in the water (lift vs drag, efficiency etc) we need 
to isolate the paddle from the paddler.  Once we understand the 
paddle, then we can look at the paddle in the hands of the paddler.

It's like any investigation of physical phenomona.  We examine the 
behavior of the components before the behavior of the composite.  
Engineers study beams and columns before they study building frames.  
Wind tunnel tests of wings are done before wind tunnel tests of 
complete aircraft.

Considering how much we know about hulls and humans, it's surprising 
how little we know about paddles.

Mike
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From: Colin Calder <colin.calder_at_abdn.ac.uk>
subject: RE: [Paddlewise] Testing
Date: Thu, 23 Sep 2004 09:10:30 +0100
Mike, I hear what you and JW are saying, but I counter with the argument
that reductionism isn't necessarily the most appropriate or only
methodology. An analogy: knowing about paddles independent of a paddler
might be like knowing about a bat's wing independent of the bat, its not the
same problem as knowing about a glider wing independent of the fuselage. 

We also actually do know a lot about paddles from collective experience.
Wing paddles, and greenland paddles in particular only work effectively
through specific angles of attack, which change dynamically throughout the
catch and stroke. If you fail to replicate that complex motion (be you a
tank test dummy or a novice paddler), then they don't do very much very
well.  If you fail to appreciate this, then the tank tests might not tell
you what you think they are telling you - and my argument is the only way to
test the validity of an analysis of the fluid dynamics/mechanics of a static
paddle in flowing water or a paddle stroked through air and water would be
through a comparative methodology (combined or not with an analysis of the
bio-energetics) investigating real paddlers proficient in the use of their
paddles. Another analogy - Knowing about the fluid dynamics of a disembodied
swimmers arm would tell you what? yet small changes in the complex motion of
that arm result in great changes in swimming performance.

Cheers

Colin
www.kayakscotland.com

<entire previous post removed by moderator>
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From: Michael Daly <mikedaly_at_magma.ca>
subject: RE: [Paddlewise] Testing
Date: Thu, 23 Sep 2004 13:45:55 -0400
On 23 Sep 2004 at 9:10, Colin Calder wrote:

> We also actually do know a lot about paddles from collective
> experience. Wing paddles, and greenland paddles in particular only
> work effectively through specific angles of attack, which change
> dynamically throughout the catch and stroke. If you fail to replicate
> that complex motion (be you a tank test dummy or a novice paddler),
> then they don't do very much very well.

What we know about paddles is largely subjective - well, certainly 
for GPs and non-racing paddles.  I know of many GP users who make 
very different assessments of their paddles after years of use.  
There are very different claims about cadence, efficiency etc. 

In a tank test, we could keep varying the parameters (such as the 
stroke length and cadence, the angle of attack, etc) and objectively 
measure the performance.  If the person conducting the tests is in 
any way creative, they will follow a trend to see where it takes 
them.

Aside: There seems to be a tendency among the general public to 
assume that scientists blindly follow a narrow path and believe 
everything they see.  Having spent a number of years in research 
(both at university and in the business world), I know this is far 
from the truth.  Given any interesting problem, a good researcher 
won't want to quit until they've tried everything they can think of - 
including some really oddball ideas.  I can honestly say that the 
researchers I've known have been among the most creative and 
imaginative people I've ever met - more so than many of the artists 
I've known.  This is backed by psychological studies that show 
scientists and engineers think more abstractly than artists; the 
latter tend to be very concrete thinkers.  This is entirely opposite 
to general perceptions.

> my argument is the only way to test the validity of
> an analysis of the fluid dynamics/mechanics of a static paddle in
> flowing water or a paddle stroked through air and water would be
> through a comparative methodology (combined or not with an analysis of
> the bio-energetics) investigating real paddlers proficient in the use
> of their paddles. Another analogy - Knowing about the fluid dynamics
> of a disembodied swimmers arm would tell you what? yet small changes
> in the complex motion of that arm result in great changes in swimming
> performance.

How far apart should the fingers be to maximize the swimmer's power?  
A test of a disembodied arm can tell you that more accurately than 
any swimmer could.  Once you know that, you can teach the swimmer to 
use it.  

Another example is skiers - they get in wind tunnels to measure the 
resistance of various body positions.  This is something that cannot 
be done without the wind tunnel.  No snow, no bumps, no screaming 
fans - just wind.

If we want to really understand the paddles, there are several steps 
we need to take.  One is to analyze the paddle in various flows so we 
can make some concrete statements about lift vs drag, performance vs 
angle of attack, steady state vs pulsed/dynamic flow changes and so 
on.  Once we know that, then we can then analyze the way in which the 
paddle is used by competent paddlers - what is the flow vs time 
within the stroke.  Then we can use the two groups of information to 
determine whether the paddle is used optimally.

Both the tank and the paddler will come into the situation.  One 
without the other is a waste of time.  I think that from a point of 
view of complete understanding, don't jump the first step.  However, 
the origin of this thread (Peter's proposal to estimate efficiency 
with cheap and dirty tests) is a legitimate step along the way.  It 
won't tell us everything, but it could settle one argument*.

Mike
* and probably start another :-)
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