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From: Dave Kruger <kdruger_at_pacifier.com>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] Legs Are Everything was "Long-short; euro-GP..."
Date: Tue, 7 Sep 2004 00:33:29 -0700
 "WhiteRabbit" <whiterabbit_0117_at_charter.net> wrote:

> Taking the devils advocate.  All the legs do is anchor the lower body. 
> [snip]

Not a chance.

Next time you paddle hard, pay attention to how much pressure your feet exert 
against the pedals.  If your feet push against the pedals, they are pushing 
the kayak forward.  They are part of the power train from the paddle to the 
boat.  Any forward-pushing force between your body and the boat is what 
drives the boat forward.

In addition, if you pay attention to the pressure your tush exerts on the 
boat, you'll find some of it is against the forward part of your seat (in 
other words, it is not all directed downward).  That also pushes the boat 
forward.

Caveat:  any backward-pushing force from your body to the boat negates some 
of the forward-pushing force.  For example, if your lower back is 
simultaneously pushing hard against the seatback (or backband), that force 
drives the kayak rearward.  Try to paddle without pressing hard against the 
setback.

The only way the kayak can move forward is if something pushes it.  That 
something is you.

--
Dave Kruger
Astoria, OR

----- Original Message ----- 
From: 
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From: Scott Hilliard <kiayker_at_sbcglobal.net>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] Legs Are Everything was "Long-short; euro-GP..."
Date: Tue, 7 Sep 2004 05:12:38 -0700
   I have a friend, Doug, who came to kayaking from an outrigger racing
background, who is perhaps one of the strongest paddlers I know. To watch
his forward stroke is like reading poetry. He has never raced kayaks, but I
remember one time he managed to keep along side Ed Gilliet during a very
long sprint to the beach of a couple of miles, much to Ed's amazement. Doug
has a tendency to wear holes through the hull of his boats with his heels.
He is obviously doing something with his feet when he paddles.

Scott
So.Cal.
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From: Vaughan <vaughan_at_jps.net>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] Legs Are Everything was "Long-short; euro-GP..."
Date: Mon, 6 Sep 2004 19:49:18 -0700
I've lost the links after changing computers, but there are lots of sites 
with short videos of Olympic sprint paddlers.  They don't use PFD's or 
sprayskirts so it's easy to see their legs pumping with each stroke.  They 
have rudders, but they are operated with a stick between the knees to allow 
pressure to the foot pegs.
Bob
----- Original Message ----- 
From: "Dave Kruger" <kdruger_at_pacifier.com>

> Correction in CAPS below.  What moves the kayak forward is any force the 
> paddler exerts on the kayak in the forward direction.  If pumping the legs 
> achieves that, then the paddler can (in principle) achieve more 
> acceleration and/or a higher max speed.
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From: James <jimtibensky_at_fastmail.fm>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] Legs Are Everything
Date: Tue, 07 Sep 2004 07:10:58 -0700
Maybe I missed this in the discussion, but I'll say it anyway becasue it
bears repeating.

Only four parts of the body usually anchor the body and the kayak:
heels, balls of feet, butt and lower back, the latter depending on how
the boat is outfitted.  Sometimes I guess the hips, if padded in
tightly, might be part of the power train, too.

So, I think, to transmit the force from the body to the boat it pretty
much has to travel through these channels.

I knew a really good slalom racer who did not anchor his feet on
anything, no toe or heel blocks, no foot braces.  But he had a tight
backband and a tiny cockpit, so I think he got his bracing there.

But look at the fastest kayakers there are - the sprint boaters.  You'll
not find a good one without back and foot bracing.  Stefan Kaplanek, if
I'm remembering how to spell his name, was a 500 meter world champion in
the 60s who often broke footbraces on his fast starts.  And sometimes
the seat ripped right off the hull.  The guy had the fastest start I
ever saw. [I think he could even beat a C-1!]

There are always exceptional people who succeed outside the usual
techniques, but I would never teach a class on the power forward stroke
without emphasizing the marvelous things legs can do for power.  And my
legs are pretty puny.

Jim Tibensky
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From: RICHARD CULPEPER <culpeper_at_tbaytel.net>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] Legs Are Everything
Date: Tue, 07 Sep 2004 10:53:38 -0400
When one pushes with ones leg, one straightens that leg.  The straightening pushes that 
sides butt cheek further back than the other butt cheek.  This rotates the lower trunk.

The rotation of the lower trunk does two things:

First, even if nothing else were done, it provides rotation necessary to propel the boat, in 
which the relatively weak arms are used to transmit the very strong rotational force created 
by the legs.

Second, it helps trigger further rotation higher up the trunk, in which the relatively weak 
arms are used to transmit the very strong rotational force created by the mid-trunk and 
upper trunk/lat.

Foot, leg, butt cheek, lower trunk, mid-trunk, upper trunk/lat, arm, hand.  It starts with 
the toes, finishes with the fingers, and uses as many of the big leg, trunk and shoulder 
muscles as possible, building on each other, resulting in explosive force.

Here are some video clips from Kayak Sport Canada.  Pay particular attention to the legs and 
hips of Brunett:
http://www.kayaksport.net/technique/movies.html

Richard Culpeper
OSCRA/CCA Sprint Racing Instructor
http://my.tbaytel.net/culpeper/
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From: George Ruta <nckayak_at_capital.net>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] Legs Are Everything
Date: Tue, 7 Sep 2004 21:29:29 -0400
i took a class with a canadian olympic paddler a few years back - he 
said that the good paddlers indeed had callouses on their butt from the 
movement of the hips(powered by the legs) (i did not ask to see the 
proof of this statement). but i find that even a very modest movement 
translated into torso rotation has a perceptitble (though in my case 
modest) effect on my speed

cheers,
george ruta
*****************************
"There are two ways to live your life.
One is as though nothing is a miracle.
The other is as though everything is a miracle."
Albert Einstein


On Sep 7, 2004, at 9:09 AM, PaddleWise wrote:

>
> Date: Tue, 7 Sep 2004 00:23:03 -0500
> From: "WhiteRabbit" <whiterabbit_0117_at_charter.net>
> Subject: Re: [Paddlewise] Legs Are Everything was "Long-short;  
> euro-GP..."
>
> Taking the devils advocate.  All the legs do is anchor the lower body.
>
> If your butt doesn't move  relative to the foot pegs, then  all the 
> legs are
> doing is anchoring the body so the power developed by the large torso
> muscles can be transferred into the paddle.  You can drive your legs 
> into
> the foot pegs all day and the boat won't move until you put the paddle 
> into
> the water.   You can also drive your legs for all you are worth and if 
> you
> are arm paddling still not accomplish much.
>
> It is a wide wide world, but I have never seen or heard of a paddler
> actually using their leg power to rotate their hips in the seat.  Most 
> keep
> their butt relatively still in the seat and rotate at the base  and 
> lower
> part of the spine.
>
> It is a useful visualization, and for many causes them to assume a 
> better
> posture, and do a better stroke, but it isn't where the power is coming
> from.
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From: Colin Calder <colin.calder_at_abdn.ac.uk>
subject: RE: [Paddlewise] Legs Are Everything
Date: Wed, 8 Sep 2004 09:32:18 +0100
-----Original Message-----
From: owner-paddlewise_at_paddlewise.net
[mailto:owner-paddlewise_at_paddlewise.net] On Behalf Of James
Sent: 07 September 2004 15:11
To: paddlewise
Subject: Re: [Paddlewise] Legs Are Everything

Jim wrote:

>But look at the fastest kayakers there are - the sprint boaters.  
>You'll not find a good one without back and foot bracing.  

Sprint boats never have back bracing - in order to drive with your legs you
need to be able to move glutes and lower back around in the seat. Foot
bracing is ideally just a bulkhead with a slot in it for the tiller bar -
typical touring kayak foot pegs (even the ones which aren't attached to
rudder controls) flex too much. The gees site has clear pictures of sprint
boat seats/outfitting http://www.gees-england.co.uk/index.html

FWIW I prefer also to have a very loose fit in my sea kayaks, so that I can
move about during the stroke, with a knee tube providing control of the boat
for rolling etc. This doesn't work with keyhole cockpits.

Here is a fine video of a paddler with good form on an ergo, no boat so its
very easy to see the stroke mechanics, and get a good idea of the
considerable power which can be generated by the legs.

http://www.pogies.com/speedstroke/speedstroke_movie.htm

Cheers

Colin

Colin Calder
www.kayakscotland.com
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From: RICHARD CULPEPER <culpeper_at_tbaytel.net>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] Legs Are Everything
Date: Wed, 08 Sep 2004 09:40:21 -0400
On Wed, 8 Sep 2004 09:32:18 +0100
  "Colin Calder" <colin.calder_at_abdn.ac.uk> wrote:
> 
> Sprint boats never have back bracing - in order to drive with your legs you
> need to be able to move glutes and lower back around in the seat. Foot
> bracing is ideally just a bulkhead with a slot in it for the tiller bar

Correct -- no back bracing in sprint boats (or hip or thigh bracing either).

A slight quibble with the foot board, though.  So that both legs can assist (although one 
only drives with one leg at one time), the foot board is designed to permit one to use one's 
feet to brace.  New foot boards have a lip at the top that curves back, under which one 
places one's toes/tops of one's feet.  As one foot pushes hard against the footboard, the 
other foot resists being pushed away by bracing against the curved top of the foot board. 
 In older boats, this was done by way of a strap across the foot board into which one 
insered one's feet.

Cheers,
Richard Culpeper
CCA/OCSRA Sprint Racing Instructor
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From: James <jimtibensky_at_fastmail.fm>
subject: RE: [Paddlewise] Legs Are Everything
Date: Wed, 08 Sep 2004 07:47:42 -0700
Colin said:  Sprint boats never have back bracing - in order to drive
with your legs you need to be able to move glutes and lower back around
in the seat.


I am corrected.  When I raced sprint boats there were no back braces as
such.  But some of the seats had a very high back behind the scoop. 
This acted to keep the butt in the seat but allowed movement.  I noticed
that some boats did not have this feature.  If memory serves, after more
than thirty years it probably doesn't, the pushing leg would lift my
rear a little and gravity would bring it back, following the contour of
the high seat back.  This back wasn't more than a couple of inches
higher than the left and right edges of the seat.  So it wasn't even
close to a back brace but had the effect of holding the body in place.

The boats I raced were wood, made in Denmark.

Jim Tibensky
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From: RICHARD CULPEPER <culpeper_at_tbaytel.net>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] Legs Are Everything
Date: Wed, 08 Sep 2004 15:51:31 -0400
Struer possibly?  http://www.struerkajak.com/

On Wed, 08 Sep 2004 07:47:42 -0700
  "James" <jimtibensky_at_fastmail.fm> wrote:
>  
> The boats I raced were wood, made in Denmark.
> 



Richard Culpeper
http://my.tbaytel.net/culpeper/
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From: Michael Daly <mikedaly_at_magma.ca>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] Legs Are Everything was "Long-short; euro-GP..."
Date: Tue, 07 Sep 2004 12:15:58 -0400
On 7 Sep 2004 at 0:33, Dave Kruger wrote:

> Caveat:  any backward-pushing force from your body to the boat negates
> some of the forward-pushing force.  For example, if your lower back is
> simultaneously pushing hard against the seatback (or backband), that
> force drives the kayak rearward. 

This isn't quite true.  If you push your feet hard against the 
footpegs and your back against the backband, all you're doing is 
stretching the kayak (infinitesimally, but it can be measured with a 
strain guage).  It would be impossible to move the kayak backwards 
this way.  It does waste muscle energy and can contribute to fatigue 
if you keep it up.

The key with pushing on the footpegs is to make sure that the 
resulting force causes your body to move relative to the kayak.  If 
it isn't moving, then no work is being done (in physics, work = force 
times distance moved). You can expend a lot of muscle power, and tire 
yourself out if all you do is push with your feet and cause no 
motion.

The forward motion of the kayak is influenced by the total of all the 
forces transmitted between your body and the kayak,  That means all 
contact points as Jim pointed out.

In my Ellesmere, the bucket seat prevent me from getting any 
effective motion in my butt - I can't slide around much.  Hence, I 
only push on the footpegs enough to ensure that I am secure.  If I'm 
paddling normally, that means virtually no pressure on the footpegs 
at all.  Only if I'm paddling hard does the foot pressure get 
noticable and that's only to secure my body.  Any muscle action above 
that would be wasted.

The moral of the story is that if you want to use foot pressure to 
increase your paddling speed, you have to have a seat that allows 
your butt to slide, just like the K1 racers.  If not, you're just 
tiring yourself for nothing.  I haven't met very many instructors 
that understand this, hence they teach pushing on the footpegs 
regardless.

Mike

PS - The most of the foot pressure I exhert is when rolling.  I've 
popped off the footpegs this way and eventually replaced the plastic 
footpegs with aluminum.  Boreal Designs no longer uses plastic 
footpegs in this kayak, so I guess I wasn't the only one.
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From: Carey Parks <cparks_at_fuse.net>
subject: RE: [Paddlewise] Legs Are Everything was "Long-short; euro-GP..."
Date: Tue, 7 Sep 2004 12:56:23 -0400
Mike wrote:

>In my Ellesmere, the bucket seat prevent me from getting any
>effective motion in my butt - I can't slide around much.  Hence, I
>only push on the footpegs enough to ensure that I am secure.  If I'm
>paddling normally, that means virtually no pressure on the footpegs
>at all.  Only if I'm paddling hard does the foot pressure get
>noticable and that's only to secure my body.  Any muscle action above
>that would be wasted.
>
>The moral of the story is that if you want to use foot pressure to
>increase your paddling speed, you have to have a seat that allows
>your butt to slide, just like the K1 racers.  If not, you're just
>tiring yourself for nothing.  I haven't met very many instructors
>that understand this, hence they teach pushing on the footpegs
>regardless.

Well, I think there are shades of gray here that shouldn't be ignored. At
the hips, it's the rotation of the skelleton not the skin of your cheeks
that counts. Yes, if you want to rotate your pelvis beyond that which your
skin/wet suit allows a mechanical device to permit the hips to rotate will
help. But (butt?) some motion is better than no motion, so don't think that
you have to have a swivel or sliding seat to bring you legs into play - at
least to some useful degree.

Cheers,

Carey
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From: Michael Daly <mikedaly_at_magma.ca>
subject: RE: [Paddlewise] Legs Are Everything was "Long-short; euro-GP..."
Date: Tue, 07 Sep 2004 13:59:07 -0400
On 7 Sep 2004 at 12:56, Carey Parks wrote:
 
> Well, I think there are shades of gray here that shouldn't be ignored.
> At the hips, it's the rotation of the skelleton not the skin of your
> cheeks that counts. Yes, if you want to rotate your pelvis beyond that
> which your skin/wet suit allows a mechanical device to permit the hips
> to rotate will help. But (butt?) some motion is better than no motion,
> so don't think that you have to have a swivel or sliding seat to bring
> you legs into play - at least to some useful degree.

In many kayaks, that's true.  Lots have such flat seats that you can 
get some motion.  But if you're moving only a little bit, that little 
bit times the force in the leg amounts to a little bit of work.  You 
have to decide for yourself whether this meaningfully adds to the 
forward motion of the kayak.  This in turn has to be balanced against 
the amount of effort that you expend to generate the extra work.  It 
makes sense in racing, where a kilometer race can be won by a few 
centimeters.  For most touring kayakers, it's likely a waste of time 
and energy. It's truly a case of YMMV. :-)

Mike
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From: Dave Kruger <kdruger_at_pacifier.com>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] Legs Are Everything was "Long-short; euro-GP..."
Date: Tue, 7 Sep 2004 11:36:47 -0700
 "Michael Daly" <mikedaly_at_magma.ca> wrote:

> On 7 Sep 2004 at 0:33, Dave Kruger wrote:

>> Caveat:  any backward-pushing force from your body to the boat negates
>> some of the forward-pushing force.  For example, if your lower back is
>> simultaneously pushing hard against the seatback (or backband), that
>> force drives the kayak rearward.

> This isn't quite true.  If you push your feet hard against the
> footpegs and your back against the backband, all you're doing is
> stretching the kayak (infinitesimally, but it can be measured with a
> strain guage).  It would be impossible to move the kayak backwards
> this way.  It does waste muscle energy and can contribute to fatigue
> if you keep it up.

Ah, I think we have a semantic difference here, Michael.  No quarrel with 
your analysis, except:

1. You can do work on the kayak by pressing on the foot pedals, because as 
you pump against them (during stroking), the force exerted times the distance 
the kayak (pedal) moves during that exertion _relative to the paddler_ would 
constitute work done by the paddler system on the kayak system.

2. Righto re:  stretching the kayak comment above.  I should have tightened 
that up and noted that it is the NET force your body exerts on the kayak that 
accelerates it:  meaning, any counterforce against the backband is countered 
(in turn) by some of the forward-directed force on pedals, hull, etc.  In 
short, the isometric extension your body accomplishes when pressing both 
surfaces will only make you more tired ... and does not accelerate the kayak. 
Only the NET force does that.

I think we are in agreement, just using different words.

--
Dave Kruger
Astoria, OR 
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From: Michael Daly <mikedaly_at_magma.ca>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] Legs Are Everything was "Long-short; euro-GP..."
Date: Tue, 07 Sep 2004 16:25:08 -0400
On 7 Sep 2004 at 11:36, Dave Kruger wrote:

> 1. You can do work on the kayak by pressing on the foot pedals,
> because as you pump against them (during stroking), the force exerted
> times the distance the kayak (pedal) moves during that exertion
> _relative to the paddler_ would constitute work done by the paddler
> system on the kayak system.

Which should be the same as the distance the whole kayak moves 
relative to the paddler.  In other words, if your butt is moving, you 
are doing work.  We're in agreement, but using different views.

> 2. Righto re:  stretching the kayak comment above.  I should have
> tightened that up and noted that it is the NET force your body exerts
> on the kayak that accelerates it

This wording would not have elicited a comment from me.  In fact, I 
should have clarified by noting that if your original comment was not 
quite right, the part that was right was that your above explanation 
is implied.  Pushing against the backband is just a waste of 
glycogen.

Mike
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