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From: Matt Broze <mkayaks_at_oz.net>
subject: [Paddlewise] Hypothermia
Date: Thu, 12 Apr 2001 02:34:20 -0700
Someone who has suffered severe hypothermia is still in danger and should be
taken to a hospital even if they have warmed up. As I understand it the body
chemistry doesn't function right when its too cold for the chemical
reactions needed by the body to work well. Rewarming too quickly can throw
thins further out of whack. Severe and possibly fatal imbalances in body
chemistry will result. I once heard the whole chain of chemical events that
occur but don't remember the details. The best treatment if help isn't days
away is to just insulate the person to prevent further heat loss while they
remain still and try to avoid jostling them. They do not have to be
rewarmed, just stabilized where they are so they don't get any colder. Next
do what you can to get them to a hospital quickly. They can be closely
monitored in a hospital until the body chemistry is back to normal. Last I
heard, warm moist air in the lungs is the preferred rewarming technique. I'd
try that if you can't get help to get the victim to a hospital without
jostling them.

Matt Broze
http://www.marinerkayaks.com


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From: Doug Lloyd <dlloyd_at_telus.net>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] Hypothermia
Date: Thu, 12 Apr 2001 01:31:45 -0700
Jochen Grikschat said:

I´m not a doctor, but I´ve heard several things about the different
levels
of hypothermia. <snip>
There ist a new system. USA and Canada use it for several years and the
DGzRS (german sea rescue squad) got it also on every ship.  It had saved

many lifes, yet. The persons are given heated air. Over the lounge the
body
is warmed directly over the blood. If you drink a warm tea, the body
would
need blood for the stomage and get it from the extremeties.<snip>
----------------

I did an article for the CPA Newsletter not too long ago, fully
detailing the hypothermia aspects of a pre season trip I did with a
couple of buddies exactly two years ago that ended with a rescue. One of
the paddlers benefited immensely from the availability of the device you
mention above, which I also detailed, in terms of the positive default
of slow warming in the field with humidified oxygen. I sent a copy of
the article to the list but didn't even get one comment back, and I
wasn't too sure how the CPA crowd accepted it. BTW, I'm looking into a
new portable, personal-sized, compact "RescueQair" field unit for
myself. Anyway, one kayak mag editor who reviewed the CPA article said
lacked pellucid merit and was way too long and complex. I realized then
how superficial most of the paddling community is. Of course, it could
be simply that I narcotize fellow paddlers. In either case, it doesn't
really matter. As long as I get out to paddle the next gale, that's all
that really matters in life for the most part.  And Vancouver Island is
finally getting some action again after the driest, calmest winter for a
while (two years ago it was the wildest). Well, I better go, I'm
sounding like sponson man with my diatribe. Speaking of which, Tim is at
it again on rec.boats attacking me and Matt. There, now I'm flattered.
8-)

Doug Lloyd



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From: Dave Kruger <dkruger_at_pacifier.com>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] Hypothermia
Date: Thu, 12 Apr 2001 04:42:34 -0700
Doug Lloyd wrote:
 
> I did an article for the CPA Newsletter not too long ago, fully
> detailing the hypothermia aspects of a pre season trip I did with a
> couple of buddies exactly two years ago that ended with a rescue. One of
> the paddlers benefited immensely from the availability of [a rewarming]
> device, which I also detailed, in terms of the positive default
> of slow warming in the field with humidified oxygen. I sent a copy of
> the article to the list but didn't even get one comment back, and I
> wasn't too sure how the CPA crowd accepted it. BTW, I'm looking into a
> new portable, personal-sized, compact "RescueQair" field unit for
> myself. Anyway, one kayak mag editor who reviewed the CPA article said it
> lacked pellucid merit and was way too long and complex. I realized then
> how superficial most of the paddling community is. Of course, it could
> be simply that I narcotize fellow paddlers. 

Re:  "superficiality" and tendency to "narcotize:"  probably some of both,
Doug.  I'll accept being somewhat superficial if you'll accept the other
label.  Pejorative exchanges aside, I suspect the "ho hum" reaction may have
other, valid bases:

1. Heated, moist air/oxygen mixtures are nothing new.  They have been used by
the local CG medics and other rescue groups on this side of the line for many
years, and have been well described in the popular press, at least around
here.  As you allude, providing heated, moist ventilation to a victim in the
usual yak rescue scenario is unfeasible from our platforms.  Probably why most
of us "blow off" information on them.

2. I bet _preventing_ hypothermia is where most of us invest our efforts. 
Unlike folks who love to dance on the edge, the rest of us would prefer to
avoid situations where our insulation regimes are tested to the max:  we hunker
down or don't go out or hit the beach and put on some more insulation, to
paddle another time.

Agreed, many of us are superficial enough to be prone to slipping into
hypothermia.  It happened to me and my ex once on a high ridge in Jasper
National Park.  We were able to recognize what was happening and take steps to
reverse the process.  In this vein, the article in Sea Kayaker a couple issues
ago on the couple who got standed near Tofino (west coast of Vancouver Island,
BC) was a classic scenario:  blowing and wet, only sorta cold (58 F), did not
hydrate or refuel, allowed their insulation to get wet, and did not make good
use of the resources they had.  Lotta small dumb mistakes.

Been there, done that.  But, I'm still here.  And, I bet most folks on this
list have had similar experiences and feel they are fairly well educated on
hypothermia ... this being an elite, less-than-normally-superficial group.

-- 
Dave Kruger
Astoria, OR
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From: Jack Fu <SeaDogJack_at_cablespeed.com>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] Hypothermia (warm moist air in the lungs)
Date: Thu, 12 Apr 2001 04:38:00 -0700
Matt, Doug, Jochen:

In the field, without special rescue equipment, how would you supply
warm moist air to the victim's lungs? Would holding the victim's head
in the steam over some boiling water help?

Jack

----- Original Message -----
From: Matt Broze <mkayaks_at_oz.net>
<snip>
>Last I heard, warm moist air in the lungs is the preferred rewarming
technique. I'd
> try that if you can't get help to get the victim to a hospital without
> jostling them.


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From: obrien <obrien_at_proaxis.com>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] Hypothermia (warm moist air in the lungs)
Date: Thu, 12 Apr 2001 23:14:20 -0700
That hypothermia victim's name is Anna Bagenholm.  She's been hired to
research
telemark ski binding safety by a new company that is marketing an innovative
binding.  I'll pass on the link containing a post-injury picture.  Click on
R + D
followed by injury research.  http://www.linken.com/.

I read a journal article about this incident.  She is the record holder for
coldest resuscitation
w/o major neurological deficits.  Lengthy CPR was done from the time of
extrication
until by-pass re-warming.  Her recovery was very rocky.  It took a month to
wean her off a ventilator.  As you can see, her picture shows her skiing
very well.

I believe that she was positioned on a rock while under the ice.  This kept
her head
above water.  The extrication took apprx. one hour while she was bathed in
freezing water.  http://www.manbir-online.com/htm3/new.54.htm

http://www.indian-express.com/ie/daily/20000131/ifr31057.html
----- Original Message -----
From: "Jack Fu" <SeaDogJack_at_cablespeed.com>
To: "Matt Broze" <mkayaks_at_oz.net>; "Paddlewise" <paddlewise_at_paddlewise.net>
Sent: Thursday, April 12, 2001 4:38 AM
Subject: Re: [Paddlewise] Hypothermia (warm moist air in the lungs)


> Matt, Doug, Jochen:
>
> In the field, without special rescue equipment, how would you supply
> warm moist air to the victim's lungs? Would holding the victim's head
> in the steam over some boiling water help?
>
> Jack
>
> ----- Original Message -----
> From: Matt Broze <mkayaks_at_oz.net>
> <snip>
> >Last I heard, warm moist air in the lungs is the preferred rewarming
> technique. I'd
> > try that if you can't get help to get the victim to a hospital without
> > jostling them.
>
>
>
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>
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>


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From: Wes Boyd <boydwe_at_dmci.net>
subject: [Paddlewise] Jetski incident
Date: Thu, 12 Apr 2001 22:30:14
AAbout 11:30 AM local time on April 8, I was kayaking with two friends, Tom
Macomber and Tim Berry, both of Fremont, IN. We were on the southern part
of Snow Lake, near Fremont, about a quarter mile from the channel into Lake
James, 200-300 yards off the nearest shore, which was to our left. We were
paddling southwest, nearly directly into a wind that we estimate was 20-25
mph out of the southwest. The air temperature was over seventy degrees, but
the strong wind made things chilly. Wave heights were about one foot, and
had been higher earlier in the passage. As the ice went off the lakes only
a couple weeks before, the water temperature could not have been warmer
than about 40 degrees and could have been less. Macomber has about my level
of experience, and we have frequently paddled together. Berry, though a
practiced canoeist, is relatively inexperienced in kayaks, and was in his
new boat for only the second time. 

We were spread out somewhat; I was slightly ahead of Berry and to his
right, and Macomber was 50-75 yards ahead of me. I noticed another kayaker,
in a small, red kayak, slightly out of the channel. At this point, two
bright red jetskis appeared from the channel and powered up, passing us at
a distance of approximately 100 yards to our right, heading northeast. The
first of the two was ridden by a middle-aged man, solo; the second,
trailing somewhat, was ridden by a young man, with a young woman on the
back. After a brief period, the trailing jetski with the young couple
aboard turned around and buzzed past the stern of Tim's kayak at a very
short distance, with obvious intent, then passed ahead of me at a distance
of less than ten feet. The first jetski was nowhere in sight. I managed to
stay upright by bracing. The jetski rushed on ahead, taking a close pass
past Macomber and spraying him with his jetwash, then buzzed the red kayak,
which we later learned was paddled by Joel Bredemeyer of Ft. Wayne, IN,
whom we had not previously met. As the operator of the jetski passed
Bredemeyer and swung hard to wash him down, he rolled and stalled. I yelled
at Bredemeyer, "Get his number," although he was far enough away that I
don't think he heard me. I had only a brief glimpse at the small number
which was black on the red jetski. Bredemeyer did in fact get his number
when he was slowed at this point. 

Regaining his balance, the jetski again buzzed past me at a close distance,
and again I managed to maintain my balance with a brace. The jetski then
proceeded on to Tim and washed him down, rolling his kayak over. I only saw
this out of the corner of my eye, but yelled at Tom that Tim was in the
water, and started to turn around to go and help Tim when the jetski again
passed me, at a distance of no more than two or three feet, rolling me
over. I was literally thrown from the cockpit, and had my head above water
in time to hear the operator of the Jetski yell "Does anyone else want to
go for a swim?"

Out of my boat, at least 200 yards from shore, with the strong wind blowing
me somewhat parallel to the shore, in bone-chilling water, I was in a
life-threatening situation; I was not particularly dressed for immersion. I
had managed to hold onto my paddle and maintain contact with the boat,
which I righted from the water. I thought briefly about attempting to rig
for a paddle float re-entry, but it takes precious time, and I figured the
operator of the jetski would think it fun to swamp me again as I attempted
to re-enter the boat. I figured he would pay me less attention if I was in
the water, so I worked my way to the bow of my boat and started to swim for
shore, knowing that warm clothing stowed in a dry bag in the boat could be
essential to staying alive. The shore was in a state park, separated from
habited areas by a swamp, and I knew it would be a long, cold walk to
safety if I managed to reach the nearest shore without the boat. While I
was slowly swimming toward shore, dragging the boat, the operator of the
jetski took more passes at the kayaks that had managed to remain upright. I
was hoping to pull myself close to enough to shore that the strong wind
would carry me near the tip of a little reedy point, where I might be able
to get my feet down. It was slow progress since I'm not an exceptionally
strong swimmer. 

Fortunately, the jetski left the scene after about ten minutes of
harrassing us, with Bredemeyer and Macomber still upright. Bredemeyer went
to Berry's aid, while Macomber came to mine. We had practiced "over the
boat" rescues last summer, and I briefly thought of trying one. I am quite
heavy, and we had difficulty when we'd practiced the rescue last summer in
much more benign conditions. As it was, we quickly decided the better
approach was for Macomber to tow me and my boat to shore. Up until this
point I had not inflated my inflatable personal flotation device, as it
would have impeded my swimming, but did so now. I grabbed onto the stern of
Macomber's boat, and he towed me to where the water was something less than
waist deep. The bottom was so soft that I had to breast stroke the rest of
the way into the reeds, pushing the boat ahead of me. I had difficulty in
getting the stern of the boat into the soft, reedy shore and turn it over
to dump out the majority of the water. I managed to find a fairly firm spot
on a root ball to stand while I pumped a little more water out of the boat
with a handpump. I was still knee deep in water, without much hope of
making it to firmer ground to change into dry clothes. I was finally able
to get back into the boat. Bredemeyer had been able to similarly assist
Berry, who had bruises and abrasions from wet-exiting a very snug cockpit. 

We spent some minutes catching our breath and assessing the situation. We
decided to head back downwind to a more populated area with a better beach,
about half a mile away, to pull ourselves together. We decided to stay
quite close to shore, in case the jetski should decide to return for some
more fun. We got most of the way across the small bay with little
difficulty, but in the last two hundred yards had to turn partially across
the 1-2 foot waves in order to make it to a protected channel that leads
into Big Otter Lake. I could easily have swamped again in the last couple
hundred yards, as I was not paddling very well and the five gallons or so
of water still in the kayak's cockpit made the boat somewhat unstable, but
I managed to stay upright and get the boat to the beach.

A man with a cottage there was doing yard work, and he came to our
assistance with coffee and towels. I didn't get his name, but we owe him a
great deal of thanks. We were able to dry off, and I was able to get into
dry clothes. Macomber called 911 to report the incident, and after some
minutes a local Conservation Officer came and took the complaint and
information from us. 

After getting warmed back up, we emptied the rest of the water out of the
swamped boats, got back in and headed back to where we'd parked our
vehicles on Marsh Lake. We crossed Big Otter Lake and entered the channel
into Little Otter Lake. We paddled easily down the lake, until I noticed
two red jetskis tied to the dock ahead of me. I pointed them out to the
others, and we paddled closely past the dock in order to positively
identify the jetskis, without saying anything to the people watching from
shore. We then paddled another couple hundred yards to a bait and tackle
store, where we stopped, called the Conservation Officer again, and waited
for his arrival. We were later able to positively identify the operator of
the jetski.

In four years of kayaking on lakes in Michigan, Ohio and Indiana, and in
many other years of boating, in all sorts of conditions and with all sorts
of boaters around, I have never seen the blatant, reckless, callous
disregard for human safety that the operator of this jetski displayed,
especially in making several attempts to upset all the kayaks, even after
two people were in the water. In discussing it later, we pretty well agreed
that if three of us had been in the water instead of two, the situation
would have been considerably worse, and there would have been a much
greater liklihood of death or severe cold injury. All four of us in the
water would have meant a near certainty that some or all of us could have
met our deaths, given the wind, waves, distance from shore, cold of the
water, and other dangers. 

-------------------------
ADDENDUM: LESSONS LEARNED
-------------------------

The above statement was written at the request of the conservation officer,
and has been slightly edited for length. The operator of the jetski was
ticketed. We are considering civil action.

Objectively, we were inadequately dressed for immersion, but were otherwise
well balanced for the day. I was wearing polarfleece, with a lightweight
paddling jacket, and it had been uncomfortably warm in the sun, even
heading into the wind. Heading downwind on the way back across the Otter
Lakes, in dry clothes -- again polarfleece with the same paddling jacket --
I became quite warm in the nearly 80 degree temperatures.

I do feel that I am a little more hypothermia resistant than the next guy,
due to my size. When I dumped, there was no gasp reflex, no ice cream
headache, just an "Aw, ****!" I was able to stay operational in the cold
water for a surprising length of time with a very quick recovery. A skinny
guy might not have been able to do that. I didn't have a stopwatch on it,
but estimate that I was fully in the water for ten to fifteen minutes, and
waist to knee deep for at least another ten.

We were too far from shore in the conditions. Even a hundred yards closer
in might have meant many things could have gone differently. We were
probably a little too far spread out, but in retrospect it would have just
made it easier for the young punk, so that's six of one, half dozen of the
other. Macomber has since commented that had we been close enough together
to raft up we might have been able to avoid dumping.

We have got to spend more time in getting proficient with rescue techniques
and rolls. However, in this circumstance, I believe Berry and I were safer
in the water while the young punk was still around. Once he left, in the
circumstances we were in and considering our inadequate recovery skills, we
were probably better off going to shore than trying any sort of midwater
rescue.

I'm very glad I had the inflatable PFD. Regular PFDs ride up on me in the
water. I cannot swim effectively in a regular PFD once it has ridden up on
me, which it does almost instantaneously. Once inflated, the Sospenders PFD
gave me considerably more flotation than my regular hard PFD, and held my
head out of water. While I think that there's still a place for a solid PFD
on moving water, I think I will abandon solid PFDs on flatwater in the
future. However, this may not be the best approach for the average kayaker,
who can wear a PFD that won't ride up.

Berry, who is pretty close to my size, was paddling a fiberglass Perception
Eclipse, which is a very snug fit on him. He had difficulty getting the
spray skirt off and exiting the cockpit, swallowing some water, and in fact
got an abrasion on his leg from his wet exit. The thigh braces on that boat
have since had a date  with a dremel tool. I, on the other hand, could
stand for better thigh braces in my Nimbus Telkwa, as there was a
possibility that I could have managed roll back upright had I been able to
stay in the boat.

Clearing the swamped boat of water was difficult, even with a hand pump,
which wouldn't pick up the last few gallons. The water remaining in the
boat made handling difficult getting back to dry land. The boat will have
an electric pump in the near future, if for no more reason than that is one
less thing to have to deal with in a swamping and recovery situation with
limited time and strength available. For the same reason, I plan to start
carrying a solid paddle float when in cold water conditions.

I have to extend my thanks to Joel Bredemeyer, whom we had never met
before, and who happened on the scene at just the right (or wrong) time. He
was well met, and I'd be honored to paddle with him again.

-- Wes

---------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Kayaks for Big Guys (And Gals) | Trip Reports | Places To Go | Boats & Gear
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

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From: John Fereira <jaf30_at_cornell.edu>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] Jetski incident
Date: Fri, 13 Apr 2001 08:41:39 -0400
At 10:30 PM 4/12/01 +0000, Wes Boyd wrote:

[lots of stuff snipped, a few comments in line]

>AAbout 11:30 AM local time on April 8, I was kayaking with two friends, Tom
>Macomber and Tim Berry, both of Fremont, IN.  As the ice went off the 
>lakes only
>a couple weeks before, the water temperature could not have been warmer
>than about 40 degrees and could have been less.

It probably was. The lake here doesn't freeze over and it was 38 degrees
last weekend.

>Macomber has about my level
>of experience, and we have frequently paddled together. Berry, though a
>practiced canoeist, is relatively inexperienced in kayaks, and was in his
>new boat for only the second time.

The sounds pretty risky for those conditions.



[harrowing encounter with jet skier snipped]

>-------------------------
>ADDENDUM: LESSONS LEARNED
>-------------------------
>
>The above statement was written at the request of the conservation officer,
>and has been slightly edited for length. The operator of the jetski was
>ticketed. We are considering civil action.

Ticketed?  He should have been arrested for attempted murder, or assault
at the very least.  I'd have a talk with the district attorney.



>Objectively, we were inadequately dressed for immersion, but were otherwise
>well balanced for the day. I was wearing polarfleece, with a lightweight
>paddling jacket, and it had been uncomfortably warm in the sun, even
>heading into the wind. Heading downwind on the way back across the Otter
>Lakes, in dry clothes -- again polarfleece with the same paddling jacket --
>I became quite warm in the nearly 80 degree temperatures.

It sounds like you were definitely underdressed and are lucky to come
out of the incident unscathed.


>We were too far from shore in the conditions. Even a hundred yards closer
>in might have meant many things could have gone differently. We were
>probably a little too far spread out, but in retrospect it would have just
>made it easier for the young punk, so that's six of one, half dozen of the
>other. Macomber has since commented that had we been close enough together
>to raft up we might have been able to avoid dumping.

That's a good point.  Even if two of you could have rafted up it would
have been a much more stable platform.  If the three of you rafted up
I doubt that he could have dumped anyone without actually running into
you.


>We have got to spend more time in getting proficient with rescue techniques
>and rolls. However, in this circumstance, I believe Berry and I were safer
>in the water while the young punk was still around. Once he left, in the
>circumstances we were in and considering our inadequate recovery skills, we
>were probably better off going to shore than trying any sort of midwater
>rescue.

I definitely agree that you should work on both solo and assisted rescue
techniques.  There are lots of different assisted rescues techniques that
can be practiced.  You might want to try using a rope stirrup to help
reentry.  I can describe a couple of different boat-over-boat techniques
back channel if you'd like.  I don't buy the idea that you were better off
in the water. If you had done an assisted rescue you would have ended up
in a rafted up position and been more stable.


>Berry, who is pretty close to my size, was paddling a fiberglass Perception
>Eclipse, which is a very snug fit on him. He had difficulty getting the
>spray skirt off and exiting the cockpit, swallowing some water, and in fact
>got an abrasion on his leg from his wet exit. The thigh braces on that boat
>have since had a date  with a dremel tool.

Sounds like he could use more practice doing wet exits in controlled 
conditions.  Even a very snug fitting boat shouldn't be that difficult
to wet exit.  My guess is that he probably panicked a bit and lots of
practice would definitely help there.  Exiting after an intentional
capsize until it becomes a slow, deliberate exercise will make it much
easier when an unintentional capsize occurs.  After a few unintentional
capsizes and wet exits he won't even think twice about it.


>I, on the other hand, could
>stand for better thigh braces in my Nimbus Telkwa, as there was a
>possibility that I could have managed roll back upright had I been able to
>stay in the boat.


Been there, done that.  In a class I was helping teach last year I was
showing someone how to do a hip snap off the bow of my boat and she
capsized and pulled my bow over sideways and didn't let go.  I braced
myself right out the cockpit.



>Clearing the swamped boat of water was difficult, even with a hand pump,
>which wouldn't pick up the last few gallons. The water remaining in the
>boat made handling difficult getting back to dry land. The boat will have
>an electric pump in the near future, if for no more reason than that is one
>less thing to have to deal with in a swamping and recovery situation with
>limited time and strength available. For the same reason, I plan to start
>carrying a solid paddle float when in cold water conditions.

I might also be a good idea to practice paddling your boat with the
cockpit partially flooded.  Wait until the water warms up.



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From: Craig MacKinnon <elroca_at_earthlink.net>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] Jetski incident
Date: Fri, 13 Apr 2001 09:09:54 -0400
----- Original Message -----
From: "Wes Boyd" <boydwe_at_dmci.net>
To: "Paddlewise" <paddlewise_at_paddlewise.net>
Sent: Thursday, April 12, 2001 10:30 PM
Subject: [Paddlewise] Jetski incident

Thank you for taking the time to share this report; it's instructive in many
ways--particularly the part about being non-confrontational once you meet
the offender on shore. I respect how you reported the incident to the proper
authorities and let them resolve the issue. I tend to be very
confrontational, and as I read your report, I reflected on whether or not I
could have responded in such a mature fashion; Honestly, I'm not sure that I
could restrain myself from confronting these individuals once I saw them on
shore; and of course, this is not the intelligent approach to the situation;
nor is adding SAMs to the kayak deck, as I clear more space in my Mad
Scientist Lab!

Thanks again for sharing your account,

Craig


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From: Richard Culpeper <culpeper_at_tbaytel.net>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] Jetski incident
Date: Fri, 13 Apr 2001 10:00:03 -0400
Wow!  What a horrid experience!  I’m glad the four of you survived, and I am
astounded at the behaviour of the jet-skier.

I’m curious.  Was the fellow ticketed for a safe boating infraction, or was he
given a summons to stand against assault charges?

It would seem to me (although I am not a criminal lawyer in your jurisdiction)
that he should at least be charged with assault x 4, and given the
circumstances perhaps aggravated assault x 4 (or whatever equivalent charges
you have there).

Richard Culpeper


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From: Wes Boyd <boydwe_at_dmci.net>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] Jetski incident
Date: Fri, 13 Apr 2001 10:16:23
At 08:41 AM 4/13/01 -0400, John Fereira wrote:
>At 10:30 PM 4/12/01 +0000, Wes Boyd wrote:

>>The above statement was written at the request of the conservation officer,
>>and has been slightly edited for length. The operator of the jetski was
>>ticketed. We are considering civil action.
>
>Ticketed?  He should have been arrested for attempted murder, or assault
>at the very least.  I'd have a talk with the district attorney.

My feeling exactly, but I don't want to discuss the legal side of it at
this time.

>>Objectively, we were inadequately dressed for immersion, but were otherwise
>>well balanced for the day. I was wearing polarfleece, with a lightweight
>>paddling jacket, and it had been uncomfortably warm in the sun, even
>>heading into the wind. Heading downwind on the way back across the Otter
>>Lakes, in dry clothes -- again polarfleece with the same paddling jacket --
>>I became quite warm in the nearly 80 degree temperatures.
>
>It sounds like you were definitely underdressed and are lucky to come
>out of the incident unscathed.

No question that we wee udnerdressed for being in the water. But the
decision on how to dress sometimes has to take into account other factors,
including air temperature, which was quite warm, and the degree of
exposure. In fact, this was a very much inside trip, and this was at the
point where we were about as far offshore as we'd planned on the whole trip.

>>We were too far from shore in the conditions. Even a hundred yards closer
>>in might have meant many things could have gone differently. We were
>>probably a little too far spread out, but in retrospect it would have just
>>made it easier for the young punk, so that's six of one, half dozen of the
>>other. Macomber has since commented that had we been close enough together
>>to raft up we might have been able to avoid dumping.
>
>That's a good point.  Even if two of you could have rafted up it would
>have been a much more stable platform.  If the three of you rafted up
>I doubt that he could have dumped anyone without actually running into
>you.
>
>
>>We have got to spend more time in getting proficient with rescue techniques
>>and rolls. However, in this circumstance, I believe Berry and I were safer
>>in the water while the young punk was still around. Once he left, in the
>>circumstances we were in and considering our inadequate recovery skills, we
>>were probably better off going to shore than trying any sort of midwater
>>rescue.
>
>I definitely agree that you should work on both solo and assisted rescue
>techniques.  There are lots of different assisted rescues techniques that
>can be practiced.  You might want to try using a rope stirrup to help
>reentry.  

I have such a system permanently rigged in the boat.  

>I don't buy the idea that you were better off
>in the water. If you had done an assisted rescue you would have ended up
>in a rafted up position and been more stable.

While the young bozo was around, I believe I was safer in the water. I can
just imagine being halfway into the boat, precariously balancing, and him
taking another close pass. The time and energy expended in the setup would
have been wasted. Once he'd gone, had we been much farther from shore, I
think we might have tried an over-the boat rescue -- but there was a better
percentage in the way we did it, under the circumstances.

-- Wes
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From: ralph diaz <rdiaz_at_ix.netcom.com>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] Jetski incident
Date: Fri, 13 Apr 2001 13:08:07 -0400
The encounter with the marauding jetskis is one reason why having a marine
radio with you is a must.  If you can make immediate contact with
enforcement units while something like this is going on, it increases the
odds of catching the jetskis.  But even if you have not gotten through to
anyone, fake it.  If the jetskiers had seen you holding a radio to your ear
and mouthing out words and nodding your head as if you were talking to the
authorities, they would have zoomed away fast.

As for the way you were dressed, i.e. not really prepared for cold water
immersion in lower 40s degree water temperatures because of warm air
temperatures, this is not known as the Deadly Paddling Season for nothing.
I have a macabre image about this period.  During the winter, the bodies
resulting from suicides and other deaths in the NY Harbor area often sink
out of sight in the icy waters before they can be recovered.  In spring,
i.e. about now, when the waters just start to warm up into the 40s, these
bodies bloath and float to the surface; they are termed "floaters" by law
enforcement officials.  So what I see in my macabre image are capsized
ill-cold-water-clothed spring paddlers dying of hypothermia with winter's
"floaters" popping  to the surface all around them. Not a funny thought, but
something has to work to convince paddlers it ain't smart to paddle
ill-clothed during this season.

ralph diaz




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From: Wes Boyd <boydwe_at_dmci.net>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] Jetski incident
Date: Fri, 13 Apr 2001 13:36:46
At 01:08 PM 4/13/01 -0400, you wrote:
>The encounter with the marauding jetskis is one reason why having a marine
>radio with you is a must.  If you can make immediate contact with
>enforcement units while something like this is going on, it increases the
>odds of catching the jetskis.  But even if you have not gotten through to
>anyone, fake it.  If the jetskiers had seen you holding a radio to your ear
>and mouthing out words and nodding your head as if you were talking to the
>authorities, they would have zoomed away fast.

A marine radio would not have done any good on an inland lake.

>As for the way you were dressed, i.e. not really prepared for cold water
>immersion in lower 40s degree water temperatures because of warm air
>temperatures, this is not known as the Deadly Paddling Season for nothing.

Yes, we were underdressed for immersion. But it was a warm day, and this
incident took place near our point of maximum exposure for the trip, which
was mostly on channels and small lakes. It's not always reasonable to
optimize for immersion when other factors are involved. You have to take
other considerations into mind, such as, especially in my case, the
potential for overheating. A number of factors have to be taken into
consideration, including water temp, air temp, planned trip, other weather
conditions, degree of remoteness, alone or with someone. I had a wet suit
with me in the boat, but had decided not to wear it due to the air
temperatures.

-- Wes
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From: Wes Boyd <boydwe_at_dmci.net>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] Jetski incident
Date: Fri, 13 Apr 2001 13:41:23
At 10:11 AM 4/13/01 -0700, Kevin Whilden wrote:
>Wes,
>
>No superlative can correctly express my outrage at this incident. I'm glad
>that your crew escaped mostly unscathed, since a jetski is a lethal weapon
>from the perspecitive of a kayaker. If that a**hole had lost control even
>slightly, he could have easily rammed right over one of you, causing severe
>injury. But the fact that he made you swim in dangerous conditions is
>perhaps malicious enough. I hope you take him to court, but that's easy for
>me to say, since I'm not the one who has to do the dirty work of the actual
>lawsuit. I am quite glad that you at least have this option anyway.

I was informed secondhand this morning that the CO plans to file felony
charges -- and that the perp isn't a juvenile. I don't know the details
yet, but will pass them along.

-- Wes
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From: Patrick Maun <pmaun_at_bitstream.net>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] Jetski incident
Date: Fri, 13 Apr 2001 11:11:01 -0500
Thanks for putting the story in words. I would definitely consider 
taking legal action. Why was the operator only ticketed? It seems 
that this was vehicular assault, especially considering his asking 
who else wanted to go for a swim. Any of the lawyers out there want 
to comment.

As for your PFD problems, if you are interested in a regular PFD, you 
might consider one with crotch straps if you haven't already. That 
may keep the PFD from riding up.

-Patrick (who also hates sharing the water with idiots)

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From: Wes Boyd <boydwe_at_dmci.net>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] Jetski incident
Date: Fri, 13 Apr 2001 14:11:42
At 11:11 AM 4/13/01 -0500, Patrick Maun wrote:
>
>As for your PFD problems, if you are interested in a regular PFD, you 
>might consider one with crotch straps if you haven't already. That 
>may keep the PFD from riding up.

Tried one. In fact, tried two. The straps interfere with the spray skirt,
unless I'm wearing the spray skirt on the outside. If the straps fastened
partway up the PFD, instead of the bitter bottom, it might work out
differently.

I frankly feel that inflatable PFDs have a lot of potentail, especially in
warmer conditions where it's tempting to go without a solid PFD. Plus, you
get more flotation than a regular PFD, and it will turn your head out of
water and keep it there, which a regular PFD may or may not do.

-- Wes
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From: perry chamberlain <kato_at_qnet.com>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] Jetski incident
Date: Fri, 13 Apr 2001 11:49:12 -0700
Being out on the water sometimes makes canoers, kayakers and fishermen, targets
from power boaters and believe it or not, people target shooting or taking pot
shots over, or at the water. that's one of the reason most states allow a
boater to have a loaded pistol in their tackle box , its legal.
I don't rely on others for my safety, that's why when  I'm out in the woods or
on the water , I carry a small titanium "38 special" pistol in the deck bag.
I'm sure I will get dozens of flames calling me a gun nut but I'm not.
Its there to keep  me safe. I would never even tell another  fellow paddler I
have it, or display it to anyone, but its there if I need it. The times are
changing. Our chosen form of recreation puts us alone out in the wilderness,
and out on the water.
As for considering a lawsuit I think your foolish not to proceed with the
Highest level of litigation possible , and to contact the police regarding
assault charges against these idiots. Would you have died, they would have been
murderers.
What happens if next time these ass*&^()*% buzz a group of paddlers and there
are kids in the group, what happens when they  drown. What these jet skiers
tried to do, was kill you.
Had you died, I'm sure your family would have  preferred you were paddling with
a "gun nut".
Post their  names and addresses to the usenet paddle  news groups.
Contact the ACA, they may be able to help you.

Don't be a victim.
Sue their ASS off.

OK, let the flames begin..............................

Wes Boyd wrote:

> AAbout 11:30 AM local time on April 8, I was kayaking with two friends, Tom
> Macomber and Tim Berry, both of Fremont, IN. We were on the southern part

--
Perry Chamberlain
Kato_at_qnet.com
Liv'n on de Edge n de Desert
Everyone has someone in their family who is crazy,
if you don't know who it is, its you!



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From: Grant Glazer <grant_glazer_at_xtra.co.nz>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] Jetski incident
Date: Sat, 14 Apr 2001 06:56:46 +1200
> >As for your PFD problems, if you are interested in a regular PFD, you
> >might consider one with crotch straps if you haven't already. That
> >may keep the PFD from riding up.

Came across this site the other day: http://www.stohlquist.com/grippfds.html
Need their paddle jacket or drysuit as well, but they claim the PDF and top
stick together to avoid rideup.
Haven't seen or used one, NZ is always a few years behind in gear.

Cheers
Grant
______________________________________

Want Kayaking information on Waiheke  Island?
http://www.issystems.co.nz/kayak/index.html


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From: Craig MacKinnon <elroca_at_earthlink.net>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] Jetski incident
Date: Fri, 13 Apr 2001 15:54:37 -0400
----- Original Message -----
From: "perry chamberlain" <kato_at_qnet.com>
To: "Wes Boyd" <boydwe_at_dmci.net>; <paddlewise_at_paddlewise.net>
Sent: Friday, April 13, 2001 2:49 PM
Subject: Re: [Paddlewise] Jetski incident


> Being out on the water sometimes makes canoers, kayakers and fishermen,
targets
> from power boaters and believe it or not, people target shooting or taking
pot
> shots over, or at the water. that's one of the reason most states allow a
> boater to have a loaded pistol in their tackle box , its legal.
> I don't rely on others for my safety, that's why when  I'm out in the
woods or
> on the water , I carry a small titanium "38 special" pistol in the deck
bag.
> I'm sure I will get dozens of flames calling me a gun nut but I'm not.
> Its there to keep  me safe. I would never even tell another  fellow
paddler I
> have it, or display it to anyone, but its there if I need it. The times
are
> changing. Our chosen form of recreation puts us alone out in the
wilderness,
> and out on the water.

If you were in this identical situation, i.e.: being assaulted by a PWC,
would that gun remain in the dry bag? Now that's an interesting legal
scenario! I can see the headline: PWC ASSAULT: KAYAKER SHOOTS BACK! Wouldn't
that turn a lake into something akin to a Los Angeles freeway!

Craig




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From: Wes Boyd <boydwe_at_dmci.net>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] Jetski incident
Date: Fri, 13 Apr 2001 19:58:17
At 03:54 PM 4/13/01 -0400, Craig MacKinnon wrote:
>
>If you were in this identical situation, i.e.: being assaulted by a PWC,
>would that gun remain in the dry bag? Now that's an interesting legal
>scenario! I can see the headline: PWC ASSAULT: KAYAKER SHOOTS BACK! Wouldn't
>that turn a lake into something akin to a Los Angeles freeway!

Can't speak to LA freeways, but I've been on lakes that put me in mind of
the Detroit or Chicago versions.

But not this afternoon. Tom and I took advantage of Good Friday afternoon
off and a pretty nice day, and took our boats down to Lake Hudson, the
first time we'd been out since Sunday. There was a nice breeze blowing; we
even got buzzed, by a friend in his antique Luscombe, wings waggling in
greeting. We saw a number of geese on the nest, including one small island
with at least nine nesters. We saw four sandhill cranes getting matey, and
an egret. We even saw a loon. The only thing that went wrong was that I
left my boat shoes at home and had to paddle in my stocking feet. It was
good to be out and put last weekend behind us.

My grandfather taught me well: when you fall off a bicycle, pick it up and
ride it again.

Thanks to everyone for the support and encouragement.

-- Wes
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From: Gabriel L Romeu <romeug_at_erols.com>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] Jetski incident
Date: Fri, 13 Apr 2001 11:08:01 -0400
There seems to be millions of things to say about this, but others are
doing just fine.

Wes, I'm glad you and your friends are ok (for not altogether altruistic
reasons, I enjoy your posts).  Hope it doesn't happen again. gabriel

-- 
¤   Gabriel L Romeu  
¤                                                    
http://studiofurniture.com    +   /diary   or  +   /paint

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From: Robert J. Matter <rjmatter_at_PRODIGY.NET>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] Jetski incident
Date: Fri, 13 Apr 2001 23:00:33 -0500
Wes I am so glad you and the others weren't seriously injured.  You did the right thing keeping your cool and working through the authorities.

I would like to take a moment to formally thank everyone on the Paddlewise list who supported the successful Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore jetski ban last year, and encourage everyone to now support the Florida Keys jetski ban by visiting http://www.earthisland.org/takeaction/new_action.cfm?aaID=47.

-Bob Matter
Hammond, Indiana

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From: Charles Herriot <cherriot_at_controlex-corp.com>
subject: [Paddlewise] feed the jetskiers acorns, they'll thank you for it
Date: Mon, 16 Apr 2001 10:16:51 -0400
I do a fair amount of paddling on a navigable waterway and have four or five
incidents each year with harassment from jetskiers. A friend of mine gave me
a helpful tip. Carry a small bag of acorns. Dropped into the water, the
acorns are just the right size to pass through the inlet strainer of a
jetski and they make a most pleasing racket when they hit the impeller.

It doesn't surprise me that jetskis are being banned on a great many
waterways. It is something of a philosophical debate in the chicken/egg
genre to determine whether morons buy jetskis, or whether the operation of a
jetski turns someone into a moron. They seem to feel obliged to run down
ducks and kayakers.

I have also found that my handheld GPS unit has a remarkable effect on
jetskier behaviour. Simply pointing the unit at them seems to make them
think they are being clocked on radar and they slow down to a crawl. Hauling
out a cheapo instant camera and taking their picture also seems to improve
their behavior.



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From: Joyce, Thomas F. <TJoyce_at_bellboyd.com>
subject: RE: [Paddlewise] feed the jetskiers acorns, they'll thank you for it
Date: Mon, 16 Apr 2001 13:28:32 -0500
<snip>
". . . whether morons buy jetskis, or whether the operation of a
jetski turns someone into a moron. . ."

I have only anecdotal evidence, but recollection of this from time to time
cheers me up.  One jet skier, who was hardly in the class that harassed Mr.
Boyd but whose enthusiasm for his vehicle definitely placed him in the
obnoxious category, failed to pay attention to about 100 ft of his tow rope.
As a result, when he next started the engine the prop instantly coiled all
of the line around the shaft, extremely tightly.  After working vainly to
disentangle or cut the offending line underwater, the jet skier was on the
verge of giving up, when someone made the helpful suggestion to turn the
vehicle upside down, to facilitate access to the fouled coil.  That pretty
much ensured that water, fuel, and engine parts got into combinations not
intended by the manufacturer.  The vehicle was out for the rest of the
season, more effectively than any fantasy of sabotage could have
accomplished.  

Tom Joyce
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From: John Fereira <jaf30_at_cornell.edu>
subject: RE: [Paddlewise] feed the jetskiers acorns, they'll thank you for it
Date: Mon, 16 Apr 2001 15:57:24 -0400
At 01:28 PM 4/16/01 -0500, Joyce, Thomas F. wrote:
><snip>
>". . . whether morons buy jetskis, or whether the operation of a
>jetski turns someone into a moron. . ."
>
>I have only anecdotal evidence, but recollection of this from time to time
>cheers me up.  One jet skier, who was hardly in the class that harassed Mr.
>Boyd but whose enthusiasm for his vehicle definitely placed him in the
>obnoxious category, failed to pay attention to about 100 ft of his tow rope.
>As a result, when he next started the engine the prop instantly coiled all
>of the line around the shaft, extremely tightly.

I don't want to spoil your glee, but a jet ski doesn't have a prop. nor
a propeller shaft.  The reason that it's *called* a jet ski is because
it's propelled with a "jet" of water.  The engine will have a water
intake and the motor is connected a kind of turbine that spits the
water back out.



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From: Michael Noyes <mnoyes_at_gsinet.net>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] feed the jetskiers acorns, they'll thank you
Date: Tue, 17 Apr 2001 19:37:43 -0400
John Fereira wrote:


  I don't want to spoil your glee, but a jet ski doesn't have a prop.
  nor
  a propeller shaft.  The reason that it's *called* a jet ski is
  because
  it's propelled with a "jet" of water.  The engine will have a water
  intake and the motor is connected a kind of turbine that spits the
  water back out.


Rather than have a propellor a jet ski has an impeller.  Pretty much the
same thing except enclosed.  There is a shaft that goes straight from the
motor through the impeller.  The fun thing (for us, not the jet skier) is
that when they ingest a rope it not only binds up the impeller it also
bends the impeller shaft.  This gets expensive fast.  I know this because
I used to own a jet powered ski boat before I saw the light and bought a
kayak.

Mike

-- 
    Paddling along through fog so thick that only one's thoughts are 
visible, your reverie is abruptly shattered by the ancient cry of a great
blue heron as she lifts uncertainly from the brilliant blue of a 
mussel-shell beach witnessed only by the brooding, wet spruce....your
passage home seems as much back through time as it does through space.
Mark H Hunt

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From: tfj <tfj4_at_home.com>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] feed the jetskiers acorns, they'll thank you
Date: Tue, 17 Apr 2001 21:21:55 -0500
<snip>
>
> Rather than have a propellor a jet ski has an impeller.  Pretty much the
> same thing except enclosed.  There is a shaft that goes straight from the
> motor through the impeller.  The fun thing (for us, not the jet skier) is
> that when they ingest a rope it not only binds up the impeller it also
> bends the impeller shaft.  This gets expensive fast.  I know this because
> I used to own a jet powered ski boat before I saw the light and bought a
> kayak.
>
I once considered attending a boat show and visiting a few dealers so I
could better understand the mechanics of jet skis.  But I never got around
to it, which may be all for the better, as I don't know into what dark
schemes such knowledge might have tempted me.

Tom Joyce


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From: Joyce, Thomas F. <TJoyce_at_bellboyd.com>
subject: RE: [Paddlewise] feed the jetskiers acorns, they'll thank you for it
Date: Mon, 16 Apr 2001 15:16:18 -0500
<snip>

"a jet ski doesn't have a prop. nora propeller shaft.  The reason that it's
*called* a jet ski is because it's propelled with a "jet" of water.  The
engine will have a water intake and the motor is connected a kind of turbine
that spits the water back out."

Don't worry about spoiling my glee; our family has chuckled many times
thinking about that incident.  There was definitely some spinning shaft at
work under the ski, involving rotation at high speeds, because as soon as he
revved it up, the line was reeled in:  instantly, tightly, irreparably, with
a wonderfully inappropriate "What the hell was that?" sound.  If it was
acting more like a jet, maybe the line was somehow sucked up into the intake
valve or turbine mechanism.  

Tom Joyce
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From: John Fereira <jaf30_at_cornell.edu>
subject: RE: [Paddlewise] feed the jetskiers acorns, they'll thank you for it
Date: Tue, 17 Apr 2001 08:08:58 -0400
At 03:16 PM 4/16/01 -0500, Joyce, Thomas F. wrote:
><snip>
>
>"a jet ski doesn't have a prop. nora propeller shaft.  The reason that it's
>*called* a jet ski is because it's propelled with a "jet" of water.  The
>engine will have a water intake and the motor is connected a kind of turbine
>that spits the water back out."
>
>Don't worry about spoiling my glee; our family has chuckled many times
>thinking about that incident.  There was definitely some spinning shaft at
>work under the ski, involving rotation at high speeds, because as soon as he
>revved it up, the line was reeled in:  instantly, tightly, irreparably, with
>a wonderfully inappropriate "What the hell was that?" sound.  If it was
>acting more like a jet, maybe the line was somehow sucked up into the intake
>valve or turbine mechanism.

That was probably the case.  One of the advantages, or disadvantages depending
on your perspective, of the jet drives is that stuff like ropes and large
debris doesn't foul the propeller and, because a large propeller isn't hanging
down, the watercraft can be operated much shallower.  In other words, they
can go places that previously only was navigable by a canoe or kayak.  I 
hadn't really thought about it much until I kayaked a class II/III river in
the Adirondacks a couple of years ago.  The river fed into a large reservoir
and there were a bunch of jet skis coming up from the lake into the last
rapid before the takeout.
  


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From: Doug Lloyd <dlloyd_at_telus.net>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] Hypothermia
Date: Fri, 13 Apr 2001 00:36:24 -0700
Re:  "superficiality" and tendency to "narcotize:"  probably some of
both,
Doug.  I'll accept being somewhat superficial if you'll accept the other

label.  Pejorative exchanges aside, I suspect the "ho hum" reaction may
have
other, valid bases: <snip>

Sorry Dave, I snipped your measured, articulate response; but I'm more
sorry you went to the effort of responding to my late night crankiness.
In fact, I know of a few folks who have unsubscribed or are thinking
about unsubscribing because PW isn't superficial ENOUGH -- way too
in-depth. Having said that, I do feel strongly that there is a large
superficial percentage of paddlers out there in kayak land, especially
when it comes to hypothermia. I wasn't necessarily thinking of the
regulars on PW, but then I shouldn't expect people to have to read my
mind.

There was a bit of a discussion the other week about the "Target Risk"
book. If there is an analogy with kayaking, surely it is the fact that
seated in one's kayak, insulated from the cold water, paddlers can and
do get fairly blasé about their close proximity to the unbelievable
danger below. And as you pointed out, land-based exposure can be a
danger too. I can't recall the number of times in the eighties when I
used to hang out in the Broken Group, that I meet kayakers on the beach,
in shorts, in a torrential downpour with high wind, grimacing with cold.
"But its supposed to be August they say." Yeah, and that's why the guide
books say "gales less frequent in summer". It doesn't say clear weather
for 3 months. Yet, they still come out, unprepared, and equally
uneducated about hypothermia -- though there is a lot less ignorant
paddlers out there now than the 80's.

Sorry too if I came across as a bit sensitive or looking like I need
attention. Must be the two year anniversary thing with Storm Island.
Left the three of us pretty "cold" for good I think. Brain no good now,
master. And I'm innured to some of the more fiercst gales now, which is
a dangerous position to be in. There are days out there where the
execration  for what I'm doing swamps my decks moreso than the heavy
wind waves. 'Tis a weird life when you aren't normal. Anyway, there's
lots of angels out there on the water waiting to dance, so I gotta go
get ready for 'em for the easter weekend. I don't know why I don't just
take up windsurfing -- nah, that's for yuppies.

Am I putting you to sleep yet. Okay, by for now. 8-)

DL (who enjoys everyone on this list, and says if I ever come across as
negative to anyone, it's usually just my twisted humour, which is a
Canadian thing).






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From: Craig MacKinnon <elroca_at_earthlink.net>
subject: [Paddlewise] At what risk?
Date: Fri, 13 Apr 2001 10:38:48 -0400
----- Original Message -----
From: "Doug Lloyd" <dlloyd_at_telus.net>
To: <PaddleWise_at_paddlewise.net>; "Dave Kruger" <dkruger_at_pacifier.com>
Sent: Friday, April 13, 2001 3:36 AM
Subject: Re: [Paddlewise] Hypothermia



>I'm innured to some of the more fiercst gales now, which is
> a dangerous position to be in. There are days out there where the
> execration  for what I'm doing swamps my decks moreso than the heavy
> wind waves.


You acknowledge the risk of what you're doing, you abhor what you're doing
at times, yet you're still drawn to it; are you willing to share with us why
you think you are drawn to storm paddling? if not, I understand. I don't
mean to turn this into a group therapy session, but I'm honestly interested
in what motivates you and others like you to chase storms, and whether or
not you truly believe the associated risks justify the perceived benefits.
I'm surprised the author of Target Risk didn't use you as a case study, or
did he?

Craig




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From: Craig MacKinnon <elroca_at_earthlink.net>
subject: [Paddlewise] Warm air, Cold water link
Date: Fri, 13 Apr 2001 12:58:45 -0400
Recently someone linked an article about a tragedy associated with warm air
and cold water; here's a link to the follow-up article:

 http://www.newsobserver.com/friday/news/triangle/Story/421089p-416503c.html


The article describes the pond:  "The water was deep, dark and cold"; An
officer noted, "that there were no life jackets on the small boat or
anywhere on the property around the pond";  also noted, "...the 58-degree
water may have combined with Francisco's fatigue and caused the boy to
cramp, panic or become hypothermic within seconds."

The article goes on to briefly cover: cold shock, hypothermia, rescue,
drowning, an alternative strategy to swimming to shore, etc. and even throws
in a little statistical analysis...

Craig





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