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From: Davis, Stephen G FOR:EX <Stephen.Davis_at_gems4.gov.bc.ca>
subject: RE: [Paddlewise] Composite vs. Plastic Info - aluminum?
Date: Thu, 27 Feb 2003 08:27:34 -0800
Composite and plastic both have their merits. I have some of each in my
fleet. I wonder if the white water crowd used to debate over this same
topic? When was the last time you saw a glass white water boat? But that's a
different animal I suppose. My latest boat purchase is plastic so I'm
probably biased.

What I have often wondered is why I have never seen an aluminum sea kayak?
The toughest, badest power boats on the west coast here are made out of
welded aluminum. Folders use it for their framing. Grumman has made aluminum
canoes for years. So why not kayaks? Too expensive? Too hard to work with?
Corrosion factors? Has anybody ever marketed one? I envision a nice welded,
hard chined unit. No issues running that up on the beach.....

Steve Davis
Victoria
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From: Chris Clodfelter <cclodfelter_at_appliedhydrology.com>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] Composite vs. Plastic Info - aluminum?
Date: Thu, 27 Feb 2003 12:43:33 -0600
I'd like to hear some thoughts on aluminum as well.  Anyone?  builders?
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From: <jfarrelly5_at_comcast.net>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] Composite vs. Plastic Info - aluminum?
Date: Thu, 27 Feb 2003 14:21:50 -0500
----- Original Message -----
> I'd like to hear some thoughts on aluminum as well.  Anyone?  builders?

Could the lack of Aluminum kayaks be aesthetics?
Concerning the club purchase of radios I called West Marine and if you order
radios in units of 6 (6,12,18......) they will sell them at the wholesale
price.

Jim et al


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From: Wes Boyd <boydwe_at_dmci.net>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] Composite vs. Plastic Info - aluminum?
Date: Thu, 27 Feb 2003 18:46:08
>
>What I have often wondered is why I have never seen an aluminum sea kayak?
>The toughest, badest power boats on the west coast here are made out of
>welded aluminum. Folders use it for their framing. Grumman has made
aluminum
>canoes for years. So why not kayaks? Too expensive? Too hard to work with?
>Corrosion factors? Has anybody ever marketed one? I envision a nice welded,
>hard chined unit. No issues running that up on the beach.....

I imagine putting my ungloved hand on the deck on a hot summer day . . .
ouch!

I used to do some aluminum fabrication, and thought about the idea. Could
be done, I suppose, but there are some tricky curves in a home shop
environment -- but then, I don't remember people ever building aluminum
canoes at home from scratch, either. 

Really, I can't answer why it isn't done commercially. There are not a lot
of aluminum canoe makers around any more, but one of them is in the next
town. I bounced a similar question off a gal that works there, once, and
she basically said they hadn't investigated the market, and that kayaks are
pretty well out of the market they deal with. I imagine that kayaks might
be pretty labor intensive for a short run, as well.

So -- tough, yes. They don't call Grummans "ironboats" for nothing . . .
Easy and cheap to build? Probably not, unless you have huge investment in
tools and dies -- and you still would have difficulty getting the smooth
compound curves we're familiar with in both plastic and fiberglass. And,
remembering the kind of weights we used to have with ironboats, glass or
plastic or wood is probably lighter. 

-- Wes


---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Wes Boyd's Kayak Place                NEW URL! -- http://www.kayakplace.com
Kayaks for Big Guys (And Gals) | Trip Reports | Places To Go | Boats & Gear
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

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From: Keith Wrage <keith.wrage_at_charter.net>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] Composite vs. Plastic Info - aluminum?
Date: Thu, 27 Feb 2003 13:18:48 -0600
It would seem that a person could use the plans for any of the myriad of 
stitch-n-glue boats - and use aluminum instead of the plywood - and 
wirefeed welding for the seams instead of epoxy.  AL is very easy to work 
with fairly normal woodworking tools.  Even if you couldn't find a welder 
willing to (or cheap enough) you can purchase a decent wirefeed unit set up 
for light (up to 3/16") AL for ~$700.  If you built a couple of boats for 
you and a friend it would seem cost effective.  AL stock is not that 
expensive - for the quantities needed to make a kayak.

Learning to put down a decent wirefeed bead isn't magical or 
difficult.  Probably a couple of lessons from the shop where you buy the 
welder would get you going.  The hardest part would seem to be forming the 
cockpit coaming and hatch openings.  But certainly solvable problems I 
think.  Due to the high heat conductance of AL, the temp of the water would 
pass through the boat more readily.  Might be a cold ride in cold water 
conditions...but in the summer it would be a great A/C unit.

Hmmmmm?  This is something to seriously consider.  I'm anxious to hear from 
someone about why AL wouldn't be a good choice.  I guess I'm also thinking 
about someone like me (landlocked in WI) - who paddles freshwater.  The 
salt water corrosion issues wouldn't be a concern.

Anxious to hear more.

Kirk, sorry to hear about the arm.

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From: Dave Kruger <kdruger_at_pacifier.com>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] Composite vs. Plastic Info - aluminum?
Date: Thu, 27 Feb 2003 12:22:49 -0800
Chris wrote:

> I'd like to hear some thoughts on aluminum as well.  Anyone?  builders?

Not a builder of aluminum boats, but I bet there would be a couple of
drawbacks:

1. Heavy (difficult to get required stiffness in a thickness that is light
enough to compare with FG boats)
2. Cold (on your tush and knees)
3. Noisy (due to waveslap)

Not to mention esthetics - but I guess that's in the eyes of the beholder.

--
Dave Kruger
Astoria, OR

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From: John Fereira <jaf30_at_cornell.edu>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] Composite vs. Plastic Info - aluminum?
Date: Thu, 27 Feb 2003 15:46:40 -0500
At 12:22 PM 2/27/03 -0800, Dave Kruger wrote:
>Chris wrote:
>
> > I'd like to hear some thoughts on aluminum as well.  Anyone?  builders?
>
>Not a builder of aluminum boats, but I bet there would be a couple of
>drawbacks:
>
>1. Heavy (difficult to get required stiffness in a thickness that is light
>enough to compare with FG boats)
>2. Cold (on your tush and knees)
>3. Noisy (due to waveslap)

My uncle has used an aluminum boat for a long time.  It was built in a 
shipyard in Ft. Bragg, California.  It's 65' long and was considered to be 
top-of-the-line at the time for commercial fishing boats.

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From: Dave Kruger <kdruger_at_pacifier.com>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] Composite vs. Plastic Info - aluminum?
Date: Thu, 27 Feb 2003 15:56:42 -0800
John's comment is accurate for larger vessels.  We have aluminum many gill
net boats here.  However, the scaling of a vessel down to our size
requirements makes for a skin that would be too flexible for good
dent-resistance, if you were to make a yak one of us would want to lift.

What works for a 65-foot, beamy commercial fishing vessel does not work so
well for a narrow, 17 foot kayak.  Different requirements.  Different
materials.

--
Dave Kruger
Astoria, OR
--
----- Original Message -----
From: "John Fereira" <jaf30_at_cornell.edu>

> My uncle has used an aluminum boat for a long time.  It was built in a
> shipyard in Ft. Bragg, California.  It's 65' long and was considered to be
> top-of-the-line at the time for commercial fishing boats.

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From: <jfarrelly5_at_comcast.net>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] Composite vs. Plastic Info - aluminum?
Date: Fri, 28 Feb 2003 14:06:13 -0500
> For anyone out there building a boat, please pour something into your
> resin and declare a new technology, maybe "Hypersupratuff Dynokinetic
> II(R)" or something.
>
> -Patrick

I had high hopes for my NANO CARBON thread.  It sounded so Star Trek.  It
fizzled so fast. Is it too early for a beer?

                    Sitting around with the flu,
                                                                       Jim
et al


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From: Steve Holtzman <sh_at_actglobal.net>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] Composite vs. Plastic Info - aluminum?
Date: Fri, 28 Feb 2003 12:05:54 -0800
----- Original Message ----- 
From: Melissa Reese 
>Of course, there are minor drawbacks, including pain (must be naked to
>achieve proper "biofusion"), and the fact that you can't get out.  On
>the other hand, the custom fit is second to none, and you're always
>ready to paddle!

Must make for an interesting "tandem" boat.

Steve Holtzman
Southern CA


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From: Matt <mkayaks_at_oz.net>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] Composite vs. Plastic Info - aluminum?
Date: Sun, 2 Mar 2003 02:42:31 -0500
Shawn said >snipped<:
>>>Why not a VB'ed boat with extra glass that is the same weight as the
aforementioned hand-laid kayak....much more stiffness _and_ more strength.
And only slightly more cost.<<<<<<

"Doug Lloyd" dalloyd_at_telus.net responded:
>>>>>>>>Yes, that's the current theory, but take two brand new kayaks 
>>>>>>>>from reputable manufacturers, flip them over so the hulls are 
>>>>>>>>face up, then grind through the gelcoat to the underlayer of 
>>>>>>>>glass with a sharp point on both the individual hulls. Bet the 
>>>>>>>>hand-laid, bit heavier boat will "fuzz" less at the core than 
>>>>>>>>the "squeezed-out" VB'ed lay-up. Bet you you will penetrate less 
>>>>>>>>on the hand-laid hull if the kayak is one made by a skilled 
>>>>>>>>glasser. <Snip><<<<<<<<<<<<<<

I think you are both somewhat mixed up about this subject. For a given
weight the hand lay-up will be stiffer (because stiffness is mostly a matter
of thickness) and also thicker (because glass weighs more for the same
volume than resin does). Vacuum bagging can produce a laminate that,
depending on the pressure, can produce a laminate that ranges from resin
rich to resin starved. The strongest laminate will be the one with just
enough resin to fully bond the glass fibers together without any extra
resin. Beyond the ideal extra resin will progressively make the laminate
more brittle. The extreme being all resin with no glass. Any less than the
ideal amount of resin and the bonds between fibers won't be as good and the
laminate will rapidly get weaker with additional pressure/less resin. It is
better to error slightly resin rich since resin starved hurts strength much
more quickly in that direction. Even the best hand laminators can't get
close to the ideal resin to glass ratio because if enough extra resin isn't
available during the cure when the glass stiffens as the cure starts the
expansion of the weave will suck air into the laminate and weaken it.
Vacuum-bagging prevents this by holding the laminate compressed under
pressure until it is cured so a higher glass ratio is possible. 

Of course, you will scrape up more glass fibers scratching through the
gelcoat of the VB'd hull than the hand laid one. There are a lot more glass
fibers packed more densely in the laminate to scrape up. That's what makes a
VB'd laminate so much stronger pound for pound and harder to penetrate
(unless resin starved). This is different than saying VB is stiffer. In
order to get enough stiffness to hold a rigid enough shape to make a kayak
the VB'd hull will be heavier (because of the greater density of the glass
in the same thickness of laminate). Remember thicker is stiffer. Once you go
beyond just stiff enough to prevent folding then VB will be much stronger
(meaning less penetration) pound for pound using the same materials (and
also much stronger materials can be used with VB that are unsuitable for
hand lay-ups). This is because these heavier weave or unidirectional
materials won't hold resins well on vertical surfaces without the VB
pressure holding it up in place until it cures).

>>>>>>>As for Kevlar composites, its slippery nature means the VB'er 
>>>>>>>better know what they are doing. <<<<<<<

As Shawn said, it is harder to hand-lay Kevlar because of the light fabric
tending to float on the resin. Also there is the fact that you can't see as
well through Kevlar to chase out the air bubbles with hand lay-ups because
it doesn't turn clear when wetted out like glass does.
Matt Broze
http://www.marinerkayaks.com



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From: Doug Lloyd <dalloyd_at_telus.net>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] Composite vs. Plastic Info - aluminum?
Date: Mon, 3 Mar 2003 19:58:18 -0800
Matt said:
>snip<
>I think you are both somewhat mixed up about this subject. For a given
weight the hand lay-up will be stiffer (because stiffness is mostly a matter
of thickness) and also thicker (because glass weighs more for the same
volume than resin does).<

Well, I knew I was mixed up, but I didn't know Shawn was -- though I had my
suspicions :-)

Thanks for jumping in Matt. I think VB'ing is the way to go in most cases.
In my case, I've seen less problems with the heavier hand-layup out on the
open coast, that's all -- but all things being equal, you are probably
correct. But I would like to get two boats, same design, each done to the
best each system offers with the VB'ed slightly lighter as advertised, then
give both boats the same abuse and see which one proves more durable over
the long term. This is not a controlled experiment that is likely to happen,
however. It would though, settle things in my mind anyway. Take care Matt.

Doug Lloyd

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From: Matt <mkayaks_at_oz.net>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] Composite vs. Plastic Info - aluminum?
Date: Tue, 4 Mar 2003 01:33:28 -0500
Doug, who is advertising vacuum-bagging as lighter? Certainly not me. I
suppose you could make that argument if you have equal strength as the
criteria but not if equal stiffness is the criteria. Stiffness could mean
less likely to fold (and therefore less likely for a lightweight kayak to be
damaged that way) or stiffness could mean more brittle to a blow. Your kayak
is strong because it weighs in at 80 pounds or so with all the reinforcing
and patches you have done to it over the years. A well build 80 pound vacuum
bagged kayak could be way stronger. The catch comes when you are trying to
build a 40 pound kayak. Both lay-ups will be more subject to damage but
their vulnerabilities to damage will be in different risk of damage
situations.

Matt Broze
http://www.marinerkayaks.com



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From: <dougl_at_islandnet.com>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] Composite vs. Plastic Info - aluminum?
Date: Thu, 6 Mar 2003 11:40:21 -0800
Matt, et al:

I'm just down at mi old ISP trying to clean up old email and notify friends of my new email at telus.net. I'm on the digest version, so I often send posts before I see what the next thread is. Thanks for continuing to clarify. I think I understand what you and Shawn are saying now. I guess some of the confusion comes from the lighter layup schedule plus the VB'd technology. Those are the boats I see damaged on the coast. If i were to order a boay from you, I'd do as you suggest, more glass, VB'ed. BTW, one of my woodworking co-instructors was down at the CD factory the other day. He simply could not believe the operations there. All the workers were wearing street cloths. There was not a spot of dust or a drip of debris on the floor. The VB'ing is a totally clean operation. (My friend gets $15,000.00 for a mission style desk, and wants to get into veneer VB'ing now). 

Anyway, thanks for keeping it friendly and informative. Please, take me to task on anything I say. Most of the back and forth threads generate lots of good information and clarification. In the case of my observations of kayaks I've seen damaged on the coast (I've done a fair amount of paddling of course, as you have), the kayaks in question were always the lighter ones. God's speed fine sir. Thanks again for the help with the Entrapment article. You have a big heart Matt.

Doug Lloyd (going off-line from dougl_at_islandnet.com shortly)
 Doug Lloyd

You said:
Date: Tue, 4 Mar 2003 01:33:28 -0500
From: "Matt" <mkayaks_at_oz.net>
Subject: Re: [Paddlewise] Composite vs. Plastic Info - aluminum?
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From: Michael Edelman <mje_at_spamcop.net>
subject: RE: [Paddlewise] Composite vs. Plastic Info - aluminum?
Date: Thu, 27 Feb 2003 14:49:23 -0500
> From: "Davis, Stephen G FOR:EX" <Stephen.Davis_at_gems4.gov.bc.ca>


> What I have often wondered is why I have never seen an aluminum sea kayak?
> The toughest, badest power boats on the west coast here are made out of
> welded aluminum. Folders use it for their framing. Grumman has made aluminum
> canoes for years. So why not kayaks? Too expensive? Too hard to work with?

There *was* a neat homemade aluminum boat in Seakayaker recently, which 
made me wonder the same things. I would guess there are two problems. 
One, it would be expensive. That's a lot of cutting, caulking and 
riveting, especially the blind riveting. Second, and this is 
speculation, if you did get tossed around or wrapped in the rocks, the 
boat could bend and trap you inside owing to the ductility of aluminum. 
Most other boats will bounce back or shatter.

-- mike
-----------------------------------
Michael Edelman   medelman_at_ameritech.net
http://www.foldingkayaks.org
http://www.findascope.com



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From: Keith Wrage <keith.wrage_at_charter.net>
subject: RE: [Paddlewise] Composite vs. Plastic Info - aluminum?
Date: Thu, 27 Feb 2003 14:00:09 -0600
After a couple of quick phone calls...some food for thought on the AL kayak 
idea:

Lightweight AL canoes use .040 AL skins.  Std AL canoes use 0.50.

.050 AL sheet costs between $3 and $5 per sq ft - didn't get a price on .040.
.050 AL sheet weighs .72 lbs per sq ft.  .040 weighs .57 lbs per sq ft

So...going on absolute guesses here....and maybe someone can correct the 
assumptions but....

Let's say we used 8 panels of AL sheet for the hull and deck - each 12" x 
10' long
	(no idea if this is realistic - but seems like it MIGHT be close??)
The weight of the skin only would be between and 45 and 57 lbs depending on 
thickness.

The cost of the skin (materials only) would be between $250 and $400.

Not sure if this sheds any light on the subject or not...but FWIW...

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From: Chuck Holst <cholst_at_bitstream.net>
subject: RE: [Paddlewise] Composite vs. Plastic Info - aluminum?
Date: Thu, 27 Feb 2003 14:20:06 -0600
The biggest problem with making small craft from aluminum is that under 
normal circumstances aluminum bends in only one direction at a time, which 
makes it hard to form complex curves -- unless you stretch it using 
explosives forming or something similar. Also, aluminum watercraft are 
typically riveted. That means you need to leave enough room on the inside 
to get at the seams with a rivet gun. That's one of the main reasons 
aluminum canoes have such full ends. One manufacturer of racing canoes got 
around this by welding the bow and stern, which allowed finer lines, but I 
suspect this method of construction would be much more expensive than 
fiberglass. It's not just the welding, but the grinding afterward that 
would make it too expensive for kayaks. The wood and canvas canoes that 
preceded aluminum canoes actually had finer lines. Their main disadvantages 
were weight, absorption of water, and maintenance. The aluminum canoe 
became popular because of its relative lack of maintenance, not because of 
its paddling qualities. Here in Minnesota, and I suspect around the 
country, it has been largely replaced by plastic canoes, both Royalex and 
fiberglass. Grumman sold off their canoe-making business several years ago. 
Like the aluminum canoe, they are relatively maintenance-free, but like the 
old wood and canvas canoe, they -- especially the fiberglass ones -- can be 
shaped with complex curves.

Aluminum canoes have a few other disadvantanges as well. They conduct heat 
-- and cold -- better than plastic, and they are noisy when struck by a 
paddle, hence the nickname, "boominum" canoe. Aluminum also stick to rocks 
more easily than plastic. Also, it is not indestructible -- I have seen a 
few pictures of aluminum canoes wrapped around rocks -- and it is hard to 
repair. And if you were paddling an aluminum kayak that smashed into rocks, 
I think you would stand a good chance of being pinned inside. Polyethylene 
rebounds and fiberglass shatters. Aluminum does neither.

Chuck Holst
^_at_^_at_
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From: gabriel romeu <romeug_at_erols.com>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] Composite vs. Plastic Info - aluminum?
Date: Thu, 27 Feb 2003 17:54:29 -0500
Just wanted to mention that alumium makes a wonderful material for 
framing a kayak.  George Dyson illustrated this in his baidarkas and 
Khatslano is no slouch with it's folders.

-- 
gabriel l romeu
± http://studiofurniture.com  Ø  http://journalphoto.org ±
± http://kayakoutfitting.org   Ø   http://furnituresociety.org ±






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From: Matt <mkayaks_at_oz.net>
subject: RE: [Paddlewise] Composite vs. Plastic Info - aluminum?
Date: Fri, 28 Feb 2003 01:13:18 -0500
Yes WW kayakers debated the issue back then. Most WW kayaks are sort of like
a pair of skis. Good for a few years if you're lucky and then buy a new one.
Once they had better designs, the cheaper (and generally tougher) plastic
river kayaks took over the market. I still have a super tough Kevlar natural
Designs Outrage II WW kayak I bought back in 1977. I also have a Dancer XT I
got many years later at a bargain price. I much prefer paddling the stiffer
faster lighter Kevlar one though. Besides being all scratched up from blows
and scrapes down creeks and rivers the only damage to it has been a folded
bow in an ender hole (with a deep rock in it that held the bow) and a cut
under the foam pillar from some jagged metal below a bridge that would have
sliced open a plastic kayak far easier (but it wouldn't have been easily
repairable as the composite boat was).
No aluminum kayaks that I can recall. Have you ever paddled a Grumman Canoe?
Cold and noisy. I also had to stomp the bottom back out after taking one
rental down a shallow river once in the 70's. It is about the last (usable)
material I'd choose for making a kayak hull. 

Matt Broze
http://www.marinerkayaks.com




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From: Nick Schade <nick_at_guillemot-kayaks.com>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] Composite vs. Plastic Info - aluminum?
Date: Fri, 28 Feb 2003 09:22:06 -0500
On Friday, February 28, 2003, at 01:13 AM, Matt wrote:
> No aluminum kayaks that I can recall. Have you ever paddled a Grumman 
> Canoe?
> Cold and noisy. I also had to stomp the bottom back out after taking 
> one
> rental down a shallow river once in the 70's. It is about the last 
> (usable)
> material I'd choose for making a kayak hull.

I'll speak up in defense of the old Grumman canoe, having put a lot of 
miles in with one myself. They are noisy and cold, but aluminum is a 
practical material for them. They can be left outside for years with 
absolutely no degradation. They can handle a huge amount of abuse 
without complaining. You can run them full speed up onto a beach every 
time for years without problems. My father dropped a tree on his. It 
needed to be bent back into shape, but it was and is fine. It once got 
a crack from some impact, but welded up as good as new. His Grumman is 
30 years old and has been stored outside most of that time. It easily 
has another 30 years of use in it and will probably go on for another 
hundred.

Grumman-style aluminum canoes will never be the "best" canoe for any 
particular water conditions, but they are decent boats for a wide 
variety of conditions and they will still be around long after "better" 
plastic and FRP canoes have died.

I'm not about to advocate making an aluminum kayak, but I could see one 
filling a niche. I doubt they would be cost effective to mass produce, 
but someone handy with a welder could make a decent kayak that would 
last for ever.

Nick Schade

Guillemot Kayaks
824 Thompson St
Glastonbury, CT 06033
USA
Ph/Fx: (860) 659-8847
http://www.guillemot-kayaks.com/

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From: Doug Lloyd <dalloyd_at_telus.net>
subject: RE: [Paddlewise] Composite vs. Plastic Info - aluminum?
Date: Fri, 28 Feb 2003 00:36:00 -0800
Steve said (with snips):

>>Composite and plastic both have their merits. I have some of each in my<<

The newer plastic sea kayaks are a vast improvement over the older ones. A
buddy brought home a hatch cut-out "Frisbee" from Current Designs the other
day. This thing is strong and stiff - and that's only from the deck.

Another buddy who runs a kayak rental business in Port Hardy has had awesome
success with the latest generation of plastic touring kayaks. Mind you, he
takes good care of them. Nothing else to do on the North Island in the
winter season (unless you like hurricane paddling and HD surfing). He has
also had some major damage repaired remarkably well. I couldn't tell where
the large repair patch was on one of the repair jobs I viewed (the factory
can "weld" in repairs).

I still like my heavy SUV Nordkapp. No plastic galling  -- just sand, fill,
and repaint every few years, good as new. But please don't use old plastic
kayaks for planters, as they can and should be recycled.

>>What I have often wondered is why I have never seen an aluminium sea
kayak?<<

There was a home made one featured as a picture, with short bio, in Sea
Kayaker once -- I think.
I always hated aluminium canoes though, so I imagine kayaks might me
similarly cold, and unappealing visually. Wave Length recently announced in
an article some new fiberglassing methodology. Sounds like new technologies
are always getting applied to kayaks every now and again.

I still like hand-laid kayaks, as they tend to be fairly stiff, if a bit
heavier than bagged boats. And as far as galling of plastic kayak hulls,
aluminium galls badly too.


Doug Lloyd
Victoria BC

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From: Shawn Baker <shawnkayak_at_yahoo.com>
subject: RE: [Paddlewise] Composite vs. Plastic Info - aluminum?
Date: Fri, 28 Feb 2003 08:15:55 -0800 (PST)
Hi Doug,

What makes a hand-laid kayak stiffer than a vacuum-bagged boat?

Extra resin.

Why not a VB'ed boat with extra glass that is the same weight as the
aforementioned hand-laid kayak....much more stiffness _and_ more
strength.   And only slightly more cost.

Resin is more brittle than glass.  Resin is much more brittle than
Kevlar, diolene, or polyester cloths.  If it were practical, I'd VB my
wooden hulls...it's highly practical to VB a molded glass hull.

I love the Brit's designs, but I don't buy the more-gelcoat-is-better,
more-resin-is-better mentality.  More cloth is better.  Resin is just
the matrix for holding the cloth together. :)

Shawn

>I still like hand-laid kayaks, as they tend to be fairly stiff, if a 
>bit heavier than bagged boats. And as far as galling of plastic kayak 
>hulls, aluminium galls badly too.

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From: Patrick Maun <patrick_at_patrickmaun.com>
subject: RE: [Paddlewise] Composite vs. Plastic Info - aluminum?
Date: Fri, 28 Feb 2003 12:26:10 -0600
At 8:15 AM -0800 2/28/03, Shawn Baker wrote:
>
>What makes a hand-laid kayak stiffer than a vacuum-bagged boat?
>
[SNIP]

While we're talking tech, can someone explain some of the new 
technologies that companies are coming out with. For example, Azul 
with its "Biofusion" layup. Are they growing skin in there or what? 
Azul is part of Riot Kayaks, a company not known for much hype in its 
marketing (ouch, my tongue just hurt my cheek).

There is also Eddyline with Modulus Technology, HTP from Prijon, and 
I am sure many others.

For anyone out there building a boat, please pour something into your 
resin and declare a new technology, maybe "Hypersupratuff Dynokinetic 
II(R)" or something.

-Patrick
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From: Steve Cramer <cramersec_at_charter.net>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] Composite vs. Plastic Info - aluminum?
Date: Fri, 28 Feb 2003 15:03:08 -0500
Melissa Reese wrote:
> On Friday, February 28, 2003, at 10:26:10 AM PST, Patrick Maun wrote:
>>For example, Azul with its "Biofusion" layup. Are they growing skin
>>in there or what?
> 
> This must have something to do with a new "perfect fit" concept. The
> paddler is vacuum bagged directly into the cockpit during layup. Of
> course, there are minor drawbacks, including pain (must be naked to
> achieve proper "biofusion"), and the fact that you can't get out.  On
> the other hand, the custom fit is second to none, and you're always
> ready to paddle!

Does biofusion need to hurt? And what an incentive to learn to roll!

-- 
Steve Cramer
Athens, GA

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From: Nick Schade <nick_at_guillemot-kayaks.com>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] H-L Composite vs. V-B Composite
Date: Fri, 28 Feb 2003 11:49:25 -0500
Everything else being equal a heavier boat should be stronger than a  
light boat. But, everything else is rarely equal. Because of this  
weight is a poor indicator of strength.

I agree that the more-gelcoat-is-better philosophy is misguided. All  
more gelcoat does is provide a better looking finish without print  
through and it acts as an ablative layer that you can grind away at for  
a while before doing any real structural damage. Otherwise it is just  
brittle and as such may promote early cracking which may propagate into  
real damage later on.

A careful hand-lay up of high quality materials can be almost as light  
and strong as vacuum bagging. What causes problems is when the layup is  
sloppy or glass-mat is used in the layup. This will add stiffness and  
weight and even strength, but it will not contribute as quickly to  
strength as it does to the weight. The stiffness will make it brittle.  
A good quality layup is more labor intensive than a sloppy  one so it  
will cost more. If you want to build cheap, I guess going heavy with  
materials will be the quickest way to get it strong. Materials cost  
less than quality labor.
Nick

On Friday, February 28, 2003, at 11:15 AM, Shawn Baker wrote:

> Hi Doug,
>
> What makes a hand-laid kayak stiffer than a vacuum-bagged boat?
>
> Extra resin.
>
> Why not a VB'ed boat with extra glass that is the same weight as the
> aforementioned hand-laid kayak....much more stiffness _and_ more
> strength.   And only slightly more cost.
>
> Resin is more brittle than glass.  Resin is much more brittle than
> Kevlar, diolene, or polyester cloths.  If it were practical, I'd VB my
> wooden hulls...it's highly practical to VB a molded glass hull.
>
> I love the Brit's designs, but I don't buy the more-gelcoat-is-better,
> more-resin-is-better mentality.  More cloth is better.  Resin is just
> the matrix for holding the cloth together. :)
>
> Shawn
>
>> I still like hand-laid kayaks, as they tend to be fairly stiff, if a
>> bit heavier than bagged boats. And as far as galling of plastic kayak
>> hulls, aluminium galls badly too.

Nick Schade

Guillemot Kayaks
824 Thompson St
Glastonbury, CT 06033
USA
Ph/Fx: (860) 659-8847
http://www.guillemot-kayaks.com/

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From: Doug Lloyd <dalloyd_at_telus.net>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] Composite vs. Plastic Info - aluminum?
Date: Fri, 28 Feb 2003 22:12:10 -0800
Shawn said >snipped<:
>>>Why not a VB'ed boat with extra glass that is the same weight as the
aforementioned hand-laid kayak....much more stiffness _and_ more strength.
And only slightly more cost.<<<

Yes, that's the current theory, but take two brand new kayaks from reputable
manufacturers, flip them over so the hulls are face up, then grind through
the gelcoat to the underlayer of glass with a sharp point on both the
individual hulls. Bet the hand-laid, bit heavier boat will "fuzz" less at
the core than the "squeezed-out" VB'ed lay-up. Bet you you will penetrate
less on the hand-laid hull if the kayak is one made by a skilled glasser.

Mongo like more resin. Mongo allowed to like more resin. Mongo buy boats
with more resin. Mongo maybe not very intelligent, but Mongo not care what
others think. :-)

Please don't perform the above test on a retailer's kayaks in full view of
the proprietor. :-)

As for Kevlar composites, its slippery nature means the VB'er better know
what they are doing.

Mongo go now. Mongo working much overtime 'cause BC government lay off much
workers -- now have to pay much overtime. Mongo's master not very
intelligent, but maybe Mongo can buy new boat sooner.

Doug Lloyd
Victoria BC

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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From: Shawn Baker <shawnkayak_at_yahoo.com>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] Composite vs. Plastic Info - aluminum?
Date: Sat, 1 Mar 2003 10:24:04 -0800 (PST)
--- Doug Lloyd <dalloyd_at_telus.net> wrote:
> Yes, that's the current theory, but take two brand new kayaks from
> reputable
> manufacturers, flip them over so the hulls are face up, then grind
> through
> the gelcoat to the underlayer of glass with a sharp point on both the
> individual hulls. Bet the hand-laid, bit heavier boat will "fuzz"
> less at
> the core than the "squeezed-out" VB'ed lay-up. 

I'll buy that argument....

Perhaps a "happier medium" would be a slightly resin-heavy (as opposed
to the deadly 'resin-starved') VB'ed laminate.  Barring, of course, a
skilled laminator who doesn't soak things with too much resin.


> Bet you you will
> penetrate
> less on the hand-laid hull if the kayak is one made by a skilled
> glasser.

Even a poor glasser will give you a hull which you can grind on awhile
longer...excess resin will pool along the keel!  I'll still argue that
the resin is harder to grind into if it has glass in it.

> Mongo allowed to like more resin. 
> Mongo buy boats with more resin. 
> Mongo maybe not very intelligent, but Mongo not care what
> others think. :-)

:D  You're also not all that afraid of heavy kayaks, as past testimony
would indicate!!  

> As for Kevlar composites, its slippery nature means the VB'er better
> know what they are doing.

But....so must a hand-laminator.  Kevlar is less dense than resins, and
will float up in a mold and starve itself.

> Mongo's master not very
> intelligent, but maybe Mongo can buy new boat sooner.

What's the latest dream boat--a Foster boat from Seaward with a custom
layup?  Don't they VB their hulls?  ;)  (just playing devil's
advocate!)

All the best,

Shawn

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From: Doug Lloyd <dalloyd_at_telus.net>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] Composite vs. Plastic Info - aluminum?
Date: Mon, 3 Mar 2003 00:19:09 -0800
Shawn said :   >snipped some great comments<
> What's the latest dream boat--a Foster boat from Seaward with a custom
layup?  Don't they VB their hulls?  ;)  (just playing devil's advocate!) All
the best, Shawn<

I _don't_ claim any expertise in the area of fibreglass kayak construction
(only destruction and modification "theology"). Unlike my Sea Kayaker
articles which are well researched, this forum tends to be my dumping ground
for flippant commentary and misc. ramblings. Usually, I try to share only
what I observe and have experienced or laid witness to, and resultant
opinions and "positions."

Like you Shawn, I have seen examples of good and bad kayak construction,
from both VB'd manufactures (some you would be surprised by to hear about --
no, don't ask, but do think outside of BC) and the hand-lay-up guys.

My dream boat would be fairly stiff, with inflexible surfaces and strong
impact resistance. I think a well made hand-lay-up kayak is capable of
delivering, but I'd add Kevlar to the schedule to offset the bit of excess
resin that even the best builder can't squeeze out. This costs more money,
and may not be applicable to every paddler depending on intended use.

I met up with a local paddler this weekend who just received his custom
Foster Legend from Seaward. The Robin Egg Blue deck was flawless and well
featured. The neatest little addition was a two to three inch section of
deck line that ran past the last deck cleat. The knotted end was tied off to
a section of bungee. This allows the paddler to slip their fingers under the
line and grab hold of the deck line more easily, due to the "give" in the
line from the bungee -- yet the knot will not go any further than the deck
cleat (fitting, whatever).

The hull was good and stiff, with an expedition lay-up and reinforced with
Kevlar (just as I would specify). The overall weight wasn't too bad. Let's
just say my appetite was wetted just a wee bit by this middleweight
contender. If I had the money, I'd order a kayak with as much high-tech
cloth, carbon, etc., as I could, but keep the weight _high_  -- not
low...kind of like the Tsunami kayaks.

Ultimately, I'd buy a boat based on design, not the methodology employed to
build it -- all things being equal. I have a Nordkapp HS now, so the next
boat would ideally be something that didn't need a rudder, something that
carves a turn, something that has more volume for running whirlpools and
tide races, and something that holds more gear for longer excursions while
still having a nice "glide", and something with hard chines. I'd love to
make an Outer Island, but it wouldn't be sufficiently enough of a change to
make it worth while. Do I make sense Shawn? My circumstances in life don't
allow me to own a fleet of kayaks like some of the lucky bums on this list.

I do have the technology (probably as much as anyone on this list) to design
and make my own wooden kayak. I have full access to 10 routers, 5 router
tables, cutters galore, 6 tablesaws, a 6", 8" and 20" jointer, a 15", 24"
planer, a 36" SCM widebelt sander, a shaper table...well, you get the
picture. I could and would love to make a kayak that fits me exactly and
incorporates those little features you are hard pressed to do with a
manufactured boat, like custom bulkheads that "wrap around" the bilge pump,
and such things. One well known Victoria paddler has designed and made a few
of his own kayaks (for himself), but it has taken several tries to perfect
(more or less) his perfect boat, in terms of performance and design (and
mostly paddles a sexy little cut-down CD Slipstream for day trips -- a very
sweet boat indeed). This isn't always the answer though, given the
prototyping time and energy of creating your own wooden kayak.

Now, if Nigel would just grow shorter and wider and get a bit of a gut and
some bigger thighs and then design something to fit this new profile, I'd be
perfectly set...other than negotiating with the local in-house spending
authority of course, who keeps mentioning things like groceries, the kids
education funds -- you know how it works eh Shawn?

Doubleass Lloyd
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From: Shawn Baker <shawnkayak_at_yahoo.com>
subject: RE: [Paddlewise] Composite vs. Plastic Info - aluminum?
Date: Fri, 28 Feb 2003 15:53:22 -0800 (PST)
"Patrick Maun" <patrick_at_patrickmaun.com> wrote:
>There is also Eddyline with Modulus Technology, 

Kevlar or fiberglass inside a polycarbonate (Carbonlite 2000*) shell
instead of gelcoat

>HTP from Prijon, 

HTP is their acronym for blowmolded polyethylene.  Rather than
rotomolded, where a bunch of plastic pellets are dropped into a hot,
rotating mold, and melted into a boat; blowmolding involves a hot blob
of molten plastic inside a cold mold.  A blast of hot gas is injected
into the blob, and it expands to fill the mold.  When the hot plastic
hits the cold mold, the plastic cools instantly into a "crystalline"
molecular structure, which is much tougher and stiffer than a
rotomolded boat which is cooled slower.

Milk jugs and polyethylene soda bottles are both made of the same
plastic.  Milk jugs are made in a fashion similar to rotomoulding. 
Soda bottles are blowmolded.

Couldn't tell you about Azul kayaks, never seen one.  Some of them look
a little funky to my eye--not that Corran Addison isn't a masterful
whitewater kayak designer..I sometimes wonder if most of their focus
isn't on the ww kayaks, and they're just trying to cash in on the sea
kayak market with Azul.  But I could be wrong (and have been before!).

Shawn

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