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From: Matt Broze <mkayaks_at_oz.net>
subject: [Paddlewise] Nearly Fatal
Date: Wed, 8 Mar 2000 01:39:15 -0800
I see I could have saved myself some writing by reading ahead on the digests
that were already on my computer as may people had already made my points.
One of the troubles with the digest format is that I haven't been able to
figure out how to flag the individual posts so I can easily get back to the
ones I might want to respond to after I have gotten caught up on all the
post to date. It is so much easier to respond immediately (unfortunately I
may be several days behind the times). I would like to respond to some of
the later posts concerning our company, (Mariner Kayaks).



>Date: Mon, 6 Mar 2000 09:40:52 -0500
From: "John  Myers" <jmyers_at_longbranch.k12.nj.us>
Subject: [Paddlewise] nearly fatal

It seems a bit odd that manufacturer or dealer would sell a kayak lacking
adaquate flotation. The last boat I purchased [made by Wilderness Systems]
came with fore and aft float bags as standard equipment. An acquaintance,
new to the sport, purchased a Northwest Kayaks Sportee. This boat was
equipped with an aft hatch/bulkhead arrangement but there was no floatation
of any kind forward of the cockpit. I didn't discover this until the new
paddler had a few hours in the boat and when I pointed this out to him, he
expressed his surprise that the sales person hadn't mentioned the necessity
of floation in both ends of the boat. Said sales person had taken the time,
though, to convince him that a graphite paddle was essential. Mariner Kayaks
apparently do not supply float bags as standard equipment, either. But I
suppose if you've reached the Mariner level, you probably know all about
that stuff, anyway.
John<<

Since no store other than ours sell our kayaks and Cam and I are the only
employees in our store you can be sure that no customer who orders a kayak
from us and doesn't order the float bags for the end(s) of a kayak that
might need them doesn't get asked why he didn't order them. Sometimes they
inform me they have float bags already. In that case I question them further
about what size they are since there are a lot of float bags on the market
that are way too small to provide a maximum (or sometimes even adequate)
flotation.

>>Date: Tue, 7 Mar 2000 09:55:04 EST
From: Tomckayak_at_aol.com
Subject: Re: [Paddlewise] Mariner (was nearly fatal)

In a message dated 3/7/00 4:41:59 AM Pacific Standard Time,
jmyers_at_longbranch.k12.nj.us writes:

<< Mariner Kayaks
 apparently do not supply float bags as standard equipment, either. But I
 suppose if you've reached the Mariner level, you probably know all about
 that stuff, anyway. >>

By the time you pick up your new Mariner you will have received more then
enough  safety talk. If you think Matt's E-mails are long and informative
try
going into the shop and asking a question. That is if someone else has not
asked a question first, in that case you may have to cool your heels for a
half hour or so:)
Since they make kayaks without bulkheads, the need for Float bags is a
requirement that you pay for above the base price of the kayak.

I paddle a Mariner MAX  without hatches or permanent bulkheads.

Tom C.
Edmonds WA.<<

Thanks for the clarification Tom, but since your post could be
misinterpreted to mean we don't offer a bulkhead option as well, I would
like to make it clear that a rear bulkhead and hatch is also an option on
all our kayaks and front bulkhead is also an option on our Mariner II.
Matt Broze
http://www.marinerkayaks.com


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From: Kevin Kenney <kmkenney_at_worldnet.att.net>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] Nearly Fatal
Date: Sun, 5 Mar 2000 20:31:00 -0500
Debbie,
 Wow, what a powerful story. Sort of says a lot in a short space. For the
retailer who sent you out in test kayaks without checking them, great way to
make a potential sale, wouldn't you say? For the sale to a new guy without
proper safety gear or instruction- refer to the bicycling community where
litigation is costing manufacturers and retailers money and leading to
stupidity like requiring lights on all bikes sold with no regard for bicycle
usage or light capacity.
  For the club and the show, how do you measure the cost benefit ratio of
one life saved? Remember, the new guy (or lady) who gets the right training
and equipment may keep paddling (and buying stuff like most of us) and will
certainly act as an example to others, just by "doing it right". The level
of activism you decide on should be whatever you are comfortable with--
Ralph's recent story of harassment can serve as a cautionary tale here-- but
the questions are simple ones: If not me, who? If not now, when? I don't
want to sound preachy, I think you are just venting, which is very
necessary, especially in the face of all that accumulated ineptitude and
lack of care.
   Basically safety is a lot like the environmental cause mantra "Think
globally, act locally." You did that, good on you. Keep fighting the good
fight!
R/
Kevin

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From: Joe Pylka <pylka_at_castle.net>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] Nearly Fatal
Date: Mon, 6 Mar 2000 09:02:36 -0500
>
>Meanwhile I think that we should redouble our efforts at shows such as
>Paddlesport to get the safety word out.
SNIP
>We can't force people to listen but that doesn't mean we should keep
>trying.
            Mohawk Canoe Club once put together a package of safety info, et
al., and got one of the bigger dealers in the state to include it with every
boat (we tied it onto the boat itself).  To check for effectiveness, we
included a FREE subscription to our monthly newsletter for a year.
            We know that buyers all got this package. We also know that
there was NOT ONE return for the newsletter.
            This too worries me.  And its why I will do a safety talk now
and then at non-paddler stores or to outdoor groups.  There is a huge
segment of the boat-purchasing public that has no clue.  They don't even
know that they don't know.  Unfortunately, what happens to them reflects on
all of us.  So we do have some stake in trying to get the safety message
out.

Joe P


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From: Shawn W. Baker <baker_at_montana.com>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] Nearly Fatal
Date: Mon, 06 Mar 2000 10:12:25 -0700
Debbie, thank you for a very honest post.  I have seen the same
situation (though not to as large an extent).  I would also like to be
able to print up a flyer with basic safety information--especially when
Costco sells sea kayaks sans PFD's.

Other than the boat shop where I do part-time work, I see a lot of
negligence, and I don't like that.

I had the interesting experience of paddling with a newer paddler this
weekend.  He had been paddling all winter with the owner of the boat
shop, who is an expert racer.  They've been training on the river behind
the shop.  In the river, if anything goes wrong, you stand up and walk
to shore.  For our trip to the local (BIG) lake, The New Guy was clad in
a drytop, polypro top, PFD, and cotton jeans!!!  He was wearing the
jeans when I picked him up, but I assumed he'd change (like I did) when
we reached the lake.  Well, not so.  Since he is a friend, and could
become a trusted paddling partner, I didn't lay into him too heavily,
but I kept emphasizing throughout our trip the water's temperature
(around 35*), the effects of hypothermia, and how quickly you can lose
motor function and dexterity at those cold temperatures.  I think I'll
gradually get him into the swing of things, safety-wise.  Oh yeah, and
he also thought my hot spaghetti lunch midway was a Good Thing!

There is gross negligence and good ol' ignorance everywhere.  If we
don't start doing something (beat safety into the dealers and mfg's
heads with a 2x4) then I fear that legislation may be raising its ugly
head just down the road.  Good luck with your club's booth at the
Paddlesport show--I wouldn't stress safety too heavily at the show (like
the dealer said, people may not listen to you then), just get people
involved.  Once you get their dues (!) send them the newsletters with
all of the safety information.  After the initial "I got a new boat"
euphoria wears off, they'll be looking for more information on their new
sport, and they'll pick up the newsletter infused with good advice, and
hopefully then take it to heart.  Take them out in the winter time and
have a few veteran club members volunteer to demonstrate cold water
rescues sans cold-water clothing, and show how quickly a person loses
function.  Warm up the vets with warm tea and blankets and let them
admonish the beginners through chattering teeth about the dangers of
cold water.

Shawn

Shawn W. Baker          0                                    46°53'N
© 2000            ____©/______                              114°06'W
~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^\  ,/      /~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^
baker_at_montana.com    0        http://www.missoulaconcrete.com/shawn/
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From: Seng, Dave <DSeng_at_health.state.ak.us>
subject: RE: [Paddlewise] Nearly Fatal
Date: Mon, 6 Mar 2000 09:43:58 -0900
Debbie Reeves wrote:

> I wonder, should our club continue to participate in the show - with such
enormous amounts of obvious negligence?  Right now my answer is a tentative
yes; perhaps attendees visiting our table will hear some safety info,
perhaps they will decide to join the group and read the informative articles
in the newsletter, perhaps they will have the opportunity to attend a group
trip and receive paddling tips.  Perhaps.

Discouraged in Sandy Hook, NJ
<

  Thanks for the posting - and hopefully writing it all down helped relieve
some of the stress created by the incident. 
  Don't give up on the safety/education issue.  Yes, it is an uphill battle
and no, you (we) will never be able to declare "success".  People cannot be
forced to _want_ to learn.  Sometimes teaching by example is the best way -
I'm sure that "TheWetOne" learned some lessons that he won't soon forget.
  We never know what the results of our even seemingly innocuous actions may
be - have you ever thought about what the effect may be of watching an
obviously competent kayaker, clad in impressive looking clothing and gear,
taking the time to don a PFD or a helmet?  Something that "simple" in our
minds might someday make a life or death difference for the "newbie" who
happened to be sitting at the boat launch watching the kayakers that day.
  So don't give up, keep on striving in the direction your heart tells you
is right, and if you feel compelled to carry the battle to manufacturers or
dealers choose your battles carefully and wisely.  You may or may not be
able to bring about change in that arena - but you as an individual, and as
a club member, can have enormous impact on individuals who choose to
participate in the world of paddling.

Dave Seng
Juneau, Alaska
  
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From: Shawn W. Baker <baker_at_montana.com>
subject: RE: [Paddlewise] Nearly Fatal
Date: Mon, 06 Mar 2000 13:56:05 -0700
Rob Cookson wrote:
>Now hold on a minute, did I read this right?  Are you accusing the dealer of
>gross negligence based on the statements we have seen here?  Has anyone
>spoken with the salesperson that sold the craft?  Based on this you are
>trying to figure out a way to "deal with" this particular dealer?  Sounds
>like a quick and speedy trial by email to me.  Unless you have far more
>information than you are sharing here I think you are being quite unfair.

Debbie wrote:
>The boat is an Oldtown Loon, probably 14 ft.  No bulkheads.  No visible 
>floatation. Nothing on deck other than a fishing pole under the bungees.
>..
>He had purchased his boat the week before and was never told anything about
>the hazards of cold water.  He had no previous water sports experience.  He
>was told that his boat had "built-in" flotation and all he needed was a PFD.
>He did not know anything about sprayskirts, pumps or paddlefloats.

Rob, while I agree with your contention that a general "blame the
dealer" mentality is ultimately bad for our industry, from Debbie's
statement, I would say that the dealer was, in fact, negligent to some
(debatable) degree.  She said that she looked inside and saw no
flotation.  TheWetOne was told the boat didn't need any additional
flotation.  That's pretty gross negligence.  Not saying anything would
have been less negligent!  

It sounds like the guy did ask some questions at the dealership, but was
told very little.  C'mon, the dealer is in the business of selling
kayaking gear; we can both agree on that.  They missed out big time, not
selling the guy a paddlefloat, pump, sprayskirt, and some float bags.

Ralph Diaz also wrote:
> I think we will have to put our heads together
> to figure out the most effective way to deal with this with this
> particular dealer.  But I don't want to rush into anything without
> thinking about it.

Sounds like a pretty sane statement, doesn't sound like a "trial by
email" to me.

Debbie raised some very, very good points.  She did not name the dealer,
just raised some issues.  Naming the dealer and calling for an open
boycott would be a trial by email.  Issues were raised that need to be
addressed.  The discussion and solution of those issues in this forum
could quite possibly alleviate future regulation.

Nobody said the dealer should be sued.  The dealer should be educated to
better educate their customers.  The dealer is the first entity seen by
the New Paddler.  If the dealer as an education resource is bypassed,
natural selection is going to kill a bunch of ignorant (ignorant: "they
don't know any better") people, and THAT will result in regulation.

Like you said, it all boils down to personal responsibility, but people
need to be exposed to safety resources to be able to make safe (or not
safe, for that matter) choices.  If you don't have a clue about what is
safe and what is not safe, then personal responsibility doesn't mean
much.  

If you won't paddle with people who don't wear PFD's, do they know that
you won't paddle with them because of that choice or do you just leave
them wondering?

I personally don't think that dealers should be legally liable for the
good or bad choices made by their customers, but I do believe that they
have a moral obligation to let their customers know that there are risks
associated with kayaking.

Shawn
 
Shawn W. Baker          0                                    46°53'N
© 2000            ____©/______                              114°06'W
~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^\  ,/      /~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^
baker_at_montana.com    0        http://www.missoulaconcrete.com/shawn/
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From: Rob Cookson <rob_cookson_at_mindspring.com>
subject: RE: [Paddlewise] Nearly Fatal
Date: Mon, 6 Mar 2000 15:43:02 -0800
Hello Shawn and all,

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Shawn W. Baker [mailto:baker_at_montana.com]
> Sent: Monday, March 06, 2000 12:56 PM
> To: Rob Cookson; Paddlewise
> Subject: RE: [Paddlewise] Nearly Fatal
>
>
> Rob Cookson wrote:
> >Now hold on a minute, did I read this right?  Are you accusing
> the dealer of
> >gross negligence based on the statements we have seen here?  Has anyone
> >spoken with the salesperson that sold the craft?  Based on this you are
> >trying to figure out a way to "deal with" this particular dealer?  Sounds
> >like a quick and speedy trial by email to me.  Unless you have far more
> >information than you are sharing here I think you are being quite unfair.
>
> Debbie wrote:
> >The boat is an Oldtown Loon, probably 14 ft.  No bulkheads.  No visible
> >floatation. Nothing on deck other than a fishing pole under the bungees.
> >..
> >He had purchased his boat the week before and was never told
> anything about
> >the hazards of cold water.  He had no previous water sports
> experience.  He
> >was told that his boat had "built-in" flotation and all he
> needed was a PFD.
> >He did not know anything about sprayskirts, pumps or paddlefloats.
>
> Rob, while I agree with your contention that a general "blame the
> dealer" mentality is ultimately bad for our industry, from Debbie's
> statement, I would say that the dealer was, in fact, negligent to some
> (debatable) degree.  She said that she looked inside and saw no
> flotation.  TheWetOne was told the boat didn't need any additional
> flotation.  That's pretty gross negligence.  Not saying anything would
> have been less negligent!

I think you are missing my point.  My point is that this was a hasty
statement made with no firsthand knowledge and with information coming only
from one side.  We do not know what was said between the dealer and the
client and yet immediately the reaction is that the dealer is accused of
gross negligence and it is suggested that they should be dealt with in some
way.  I'm saying that it seems like pretty strong words given how little is
really known about the situation.



>
> It sounds like the guy did ask some questions at the dealership, but was
> told very little.  C'mon, the dealer is in the business of selling
> kayaking gear; we can both agree on that.  They missed out big time, not
> selling the guy a paddlefloat, pump, sprayskirt, and some float bags.

How do you know that the dealer didn't try?  We have not heard from the
salesperson at all.  Again you are leaping to conclusions without any real
evidence.  I have seen this time and time again with rec boats where a
salesperson says that the new paddler needs a pump and a paddlefloat etc etc
and the customer says no thanks I'm just fishing near shore.  What do you
propose?  Would you make all safety gear mandatory?  Should all kayaks be
required by law to ship with sp****n's?  How about a vhf and a cell phone?
Those are clearly valuable rescue tools should all dealers be required to
sell those too?

>
> Ralph Diaz also wrote:
> > I think we will have to put our heads together
> > to figure out the most effective way to deal with this with this
> > particular dealer.  But I don't want to rush into anything without
> > thinking about it.
>
> Sounds like a pretty sane statement, doesn't sound like a "trial by
> email" to me.

It may sound sane to you but it sounds horribly one sided to me.  Sounds
like the dealer has been convicted and the judge is now deliberating
sentencing.



>
> Debbie raised some very, very good points.  She did not name the dealer,
> just raised some issues.  Naming the dealer and calling for an open
> boycott would be a trial by email.  Issues were raised that need to be
> addressed.  The discussion and solution of those issues in this forum
> could quite possibly alleviate future regulation.

I agree that Debbie raised some good points.  I also think that not naming
the dealer was prudent for a number of reasons.


>
> Nobody said the dealer should be sued.  The dealer should be educated to
> better educate their customers.  The dealer is the first entity seen by
> the New Paddler.  If the dealer as an education resource is bypassed,
> natural selection is going to kill a bunch of ignorant (ignorant: "they
> don't know any better") people, and THAT will result in regulation.

The dealer is not necessarily the first entity seen by the new paddler.  How
many times have I heard that so and so took me paddling and he says I don't
need one of them there ______.  People are introduced to this sport in many
different ways and many have some pretty strong notions by the time they get
to the dealer.

I agree that dealers can be very helpful in terms of education.  I believe
that both the companies that I have worked for were extremely helpful in
terms of educating new paddlers.  As I have said I am all for education, in
fact I love teaching this sport, and I stress safety.  But and this is a big
but.  The dealer is in no way responsible for the safety of those that buy
product from them.  It is completely up to the individual buying equipment
to learn how to use it safely and properly.  My whole beef this issue is
that the terms gross negligence were brought out hastily and with only half
a story that is at best third hand.


Think about all of the products in your home and then think about the ones
that are dangerous, then ask yourself how many of them came with an
education at the point of purchase, and then ask yourself why should
kayaking be different.  If you didn't like my examples of firearms, autos
and ladders lets look at one in a related industry.

How about backpacks.  I recently bought a new pack fro a shop that is
supposed to be renowned for it's educational philosophy.  Not once was I
warned about back strain, twisted ankles, being eaten by bears, falling off
cliffs or any of the other ways one can meet with injury while enjoying a
backpack.

When I purchased my last bicycle no one asked me if I knew the traffic laws
of the state or even told me which side of the road to ride the bike on.

Why then do we expect kayak retailers to impart all of the hazards of
kayaking? We don't have this expectation of other retailers.

>
> Like you said, it all boils down to personal responsibility, but people
> need to be exposed to safety resources to be able to make safe (or not
> safe, for that matter) choices.  If you don't have a clue about what is
> safe and what is not safe, then personal responsibility doesn't mean
> much.

I agree knowledge=power but it is the responsibility of each individual to
seek that knowledge.



> I personally don't think that dealers should be legally liable for the
> good or bad choices made by their customers, but I do believe that they
> have a moral obligation to let their customers know that there are risks
> associated with kayaking.
>

I would say that this individual was aware that there was some risk or he
would not have been wearing a pfd.  I am also willing to bet that there was
a warning label in the boat.


I do agree with you that dealers should share as much knowledge as possible,
I've never said otherwise.  My whole objection here is with this quick
judgment made on the retailer with very few facts and the use of the terms
gross negligence.

As I'm sure you can tell the issue of personal responsibility is one that I
feel very strongly about.  I think that we should all keep in mind that when
you point a finger there are four pointing right back at you.

Cheers,

Rob Cookson

"They that can give up essential liberty to obtain a little temporary safety
deserve neither liberty nor safety"
Benjamin Franklin



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From: ralph diaz <rdiaz_at_ix.netcom.com>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] Nearly Fatal
Date: Mon, 06 Mar 2000 19:03:31 -0800
Normally, I don't send a "me to" posting.  But Shawn covers it quite
well in his reponse below. There is no rush to judgment.  I will speak
privately with Debs about what to do.  We don't know all the facts; we
may never know.

Some one said in another post, maybe it was Shawn, about the
cost-benefit analysis of attempting to spread fundamental safety
advice.  That where I see the crux of the discussions.  It is beneficial
to work hard to get 1 out of 10, or whatever the ratio,  to get started
right in terms of skills and gear.  You help reduce the odds that one
life will be jeopardized and that person in turn, as a multiplier
effect, will influence others into a more positive approach to safety.

Debbie is so great at imparting safety information in her newsletter, in
Atlantic Sea Kayaker trips, and at her booth.  She is tiredless in this;
she will be at that booth just about at every hour of the Paddlesport
show.  I get zonked just watching her doing it all.  She is passionate
about the sport, about helping others.  She's concerned, active and is
making a difference.  If we had a dozen more Debbies, wow!!!

ralph



Shawn W. Baker wrote:
> 
> Rob Cookson wrote:
> >Now hold on a minute, did I read this right?  Are you accusing the dealer of
> >gross negligence based on the statements we have seen here?  Has anyone
> >spoken with the salesperson that sold the craft?  Based on this you are
> >trying to figure out a way to "deal with" this particular dealer?  Sounds
> >like a quick and speedy trial by email to me.  Unless you have far more
> >information than you are sharing here I think you are being quite unfair.
> 
> Debbie wrote:
> >The boat is an Oldtown Loon, probably 14 ft.  No bulkheads.  No visible
> >floatation. Nothing on deck other than a fishing pole under the bungees.
> >..
> >He had purchased his boat the week before and was never told anything about
> >the hazards of cold water.  He had no previous water sports experience.  He
> >was told that his boat had "built-in" flotation and all he needed was a PFD.
> >He did not know anything about sprayskirts, pumps or paddlefloats.
> 
> Rob, while I agree with your contention that a general "blame the
> dealer" mentality is ultimately bad for our industry, from Debbie's
> statement, I would say that the dealer was, in fact, negligent to some
> (debatable) degree.  She said that she looked inside and saw no
> flotation.  TheWetOne was told the boat didn't need any additional
> flotation.  That's pretty gross negligence.  Not saying anything would
> have been less negligent!
> 
> It sounds like the guy did ask some questions at the dealership, but was
> told very little.  C'mon, the dealer is in the business of selling
> kayaking gear; we can both agree on that.  They missed out big time, not
> selling the guy a paddlefloat, pump, sprayskirt, and some float bags.
> 
> Ralph Diaz also wrote:
> > I think we will have to put our heads together
> > to figure out the most effective way to deal with this with this
> > particular dealer.  But I don't want to rush into anything without
> > thinking about it.
> 
> Sounds like a pretty sane statement, doesn't sound like a "trial by
> email" to me.
> 
> Debbie raised some very, very good points.  She did not name the dealer,
> just raised some issues.  Naming the dealer and calling for an open
> boycott would be a trial by email.  Issues were raised that need to be
> addressed.  The discussion and solution of those issues in this forum
> could quite possibly alleviate future regulation.
> 
> Nobody said the dealer should be sued.  The dealer should be educated to
> better educate their customers.  The dealer is the first entity seen by
> the New Paddler.  If the dealer as an education resource is bypassed,
> natural selection is going to kill a bunch of ignorant (ignorant: "they
> don't know any better") people, and THAT will result in regulation.
> 
> Like you said, it all boils down to personal responsibility, but people
> need to be exposed to safety resources to be able to make safe (or not
> safe, for that matter) choices.  If you don't have a clue about what is
> safe and what is not safe, then personal responsibility doesn't mean
> much.
> 
> If you won't paddle with people who don't wear PFD's, do they know that
> you won't paddle with them because of that choice or do you just leave
> them wondering?
> 
> I personally don't think that dealers should be legally liable for the
> good or bad choices made by their customers, but I do believe that they
> have a moral obligation to let their customers know that there are risks
> associated with kayaking.
> 
> Shawn
> 
> Shawn W. Baker          0                                    46°53'N
> © 2000            ____©/______                              114°06'W
> ~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^\  ,/      /~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^
> baker_at_montana.com    0        http://www.missoulaconcrete.com/shawn/
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-- 
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ralph Diaz . . . Folding Kayaker newsletter
PO Box 0754, New York, NY 10024
Tel: 212-724-5069; E-mail: rdiaz_at_ix.netcom.com
"Where's your sea kayak?"----"It's in the bag."
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From: <Outfit3029_at_aol.com>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] Nearly Fatal
Date: Mon, 6 Mar 2000 16:44:46 EST
In a message dated 3/6/00 9:07:37 PM !!!First Boot!!!, baker_at_montana.com 
writes:

<< Rob, while I agree with your contention that a general "blame the
 dealer" mentality is ultimately bad for our industry, from Debbie's
 statement, I would say that the dealer was, in fact, negligent to some
 (debatable) degree.  She said that she looked inside and saw no
 flotation.  TheWetOne was told the boat didn't need any additional
 flotation.  That's pretty gross negligence.  Not saying anything would
 have been less negligent!   >>

Shawn,
  I for one would reserve judgment and sentencing on this dealer.  I don't 
know what the conversations between the new paddler and the shop people were. 
 Did he misrepresent experience, did he promise to purchase safety gear 
before going out, etc.  I am not saying that there were things that could not 
have been done better.  Truth is, I don't know what took place, I wasn't 
there.
   I would say this, boats should float.  Positive flotation should not be an 
option. 
 WE SHOULD DEMAND THIS FROM ALL MANUFACTURERS.  It's a start.
   I visited the Old Town Website, if the model was correct "Loon," then it 
does have positive flotation. See http://www.otccanoe.com/const_polylink.html 
according to the manufacturer.

 Bruce McCutcheon
 WEO
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From: Shawn W. Baker <baker_at_montana.com>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] Nearly Fatal
Date: Mon, 06 Mar 2000 15:15:27 -0700
I am not that familiar with the Loon so I went by Debbie's description. 
Oh Wes, how well does your boat float while swamped? :)

>From the description, I think the dealer was wrong.  I didn't say "they
must be punished".  TheWetOne was wrong too--just as negligent.  It
happens all the time, but I hope we can somehow find a way to stop this
misinformation and lack-of information.

I haven't advocated any sentencing; I think we should demand that all
dealers provide safety information, including information on
paddlefloats, rescues, positive flotation, PFD use, and emergency
signaling.  Just like your demand from manufacturers for positive
flotation.  Like I said in my earlier post, the dealer is very often a
newbie's first contact with the paddling community; not using the dealer
for an initial information source is a big mistake.

You're right.  I don't know what took place either.  It's a "he said,
they said" situation, but I do know from personal experience, as well as
anecdotes from others, that there are a lot of people venturing out
there who are not armed with the right information, skills, or
equipment.  

The PW discussion a week or so ago [Risk vs Natural Selection] is
symptomatic of what's going on.  People on this list, to some extent,
lecture each other about safety.  While the prevailing safety attitude
here is great, it's the novice who has never heard of Paddlewise who
needs to hear the message about safety. We all realize that there are
people who know little about safety and are getting or risk getting
hurt.  We speak out to the only kayak-relating audience we know of--each
other.  But, we're preaching to people who already realize that safety
is important.  They don't always know everything about it, but they're
in the right place to find out.  We need to find a wider audience, "get
the word on the streets", so to speak, and let people know simply that
safety is important, then help them find resources (like PWise) to learn
more about safe techniques.

Shawn

> << Rob, while I agree with your contention that a general "blame the
>  dealer" mentality is ultimately bad for our industry, from Debbie's
>  statement, I would say that the dealer was, in fact, negligent to some
>  (debatable) degree.  She said that she looked inside and saw no
>  flotation.  TheWetOne was told the boat didn't need any additional
>  flotation.  That's pretty gross negligence.  Not saying anything would
>  have been less negligent!   >>
> 
> Shawn,
>   I for one would reserve judgment and sentencing on this dealer.  I don't
> know what the conversations between the new paddler and the shop people were.
>  Did he misrepresent experience, did he promise to purchase safety gear
> before going out, etc.  I am not saying that there were things that could not
> have been done better.  Truth is, I don't know what took place, I wasn't
> there.


-- 
Shawn W. Baker          0                                    46°53'N
© 2000            ____©/______                              114°06'W
~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^\  ,/      /~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^
baker_at_montana.com    0        http://www.missoulaconcrete.com/shawn/
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From: Wes Boyd <boydwe_at_dmci.net>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] Nearly Fatal
Date: Mon, 06 Mar 2000 19:55:47
At 03:15 PM 3/6/00 -0700, Shawn W. Baker wrote:
>I am not that familiar with the Loon so I went by Debbie's description. 
>Oh Wes, how well does your boat float while swamped? :)
>

The Loon that I used to have would float when filled. Not by much, though.
The floatation mostly comes from the foam between the plastic inner and
outer layers. It really needed extra positive floatation, via air bags or
something.

While the Loon is a good boat for a recreational boat, it does have its
limitations. Although I wish I still had it so I could take beginners out
on quiet water, I upgraded in boat because I could see that I was coming up
against its limitations.

-- Wes

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From: <dmccarty_at_us.ibm.com>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] Nearly Fatal
Date: Mon, 6 Mar 2000 18:45:53 -0500
>From the information in the original post, I don't think TheWetOne was
negligent.  One first has to KNOW what is the right behaviour/action. AND
then not do or perform that action/duty.  Yes, TheWetOne was wrong but he
did the wrong thing out of ignorance.

The dealer on the other hand is another story.

A boat with positive floatation is a good thing.  The ListConsensus seems
to be that if one has a boat without bulkheads then one needs floation
bags.  Not so much as to keep a swamped boat floating but to displace water
and make it easier to recover from a mishap.  Less water in the boat means
less water to empty.

He did not have float bags on a boat that lacked bulkheads.

He apparently did not have a pump or scoop to remove the water.

He did not have proper clothing for the conditions.

He did not have a change of clothes IF he got wet.

He did not understand the limitations of his craft.

He did not understand the effects of cold air/water.

He did not understand the effects of the wind.

....

We will never really know what went on between TheWetOne and TheStore.  But
TheStore SHOULD have informed him of all of the above.  TheStore would have
made money selling TheWetOne the equipment.  TheStore is the first and
often ONLY link between a customer and the paddle sports.  Safety really
HAS to start with TheStore.  Are they totally responsible for a person.
No.  But most people getting into paddling just are not going to know all
they need to know.

The conversation between Debbie and TheDealer was disturbing to me.
TheDealer seems to have his head in the sand.  How hard is it for TheDealer
and better yet the industry to create a list of links and books on paddling
safety?  How hard is it to pass out information listing warnings about cold
water, wind, tide, etc?  Not.  TheDealer is just told that one of HIS
customers almost died and when offered FREE documentation to help prevent
another accident what is HIS response?  No.  Not a good answer.  When I
bought my kayak 3 years ago I was struck but the lack information from the
manufactuer on even HOW to maintain their product.  The warning lable is a
joke.  There was even less information in my canoe I bought eight years
ago.

I think the Industry, both the manufactuers and the dealers could/should
very easily create a common safety guideline, that could not and should not
be all incomposing, but it easily could cover the basics and recommend
other places to get information/training.

"You can lead a horse to water but you can't make 'em drink"

The problem is that the industry, at the point of sale, is not even leading
the way for people to learn about boating safety.  This is not to say that
some dealers don't provide this kind of information.  I'm sure they do.  I
know of one in my area.  But I don't see the industry doing anything to
promote safety at the point of sale OR thereafter.

Look at the accident reports that we have.  A good number of them were
caused by people being ignorant of paddling safety issues.

Now, I don't think that a simple guideline is going to prevent all
accidents.  It won't.  People wont read the guidelines.  Or they won't
follow up and continue their education.  Or they will forgot.  Fine.  BUT,
at least TheIndustry gave the customer a helping hand in the right
direction.  TheIndustry at least took them to the water....

The reality about boating safety, as well as other kinds of physical safety
issues, is that it is an ongoing process that can never stop.  One of the
benefits of this list is that by just simply trying to follow the list,
SOME safety tips have to sink into your head by simple osmosis if nothing
else.  But how do others find the list and other similar sources?  By word
of mouth.  TheIndustry could so easily change that situation.

Debbie, don't beat yourself up too much on all this.  You did what you
thought was right based on the information you had at the time.  No one got
hurt and since you shared the experience with the list new
paddlers/rescuers are more informed.

My two cents....
Dan McCarty






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From: Seng, Dave <DSeng_at_health.state.ak.us>
subject: RE: [Paddlewise] Nearly Fatal
Date: Mon, 6 Mar 2000 15:22:09 -0900
> From: dmccarty_at_us.ibm.com [mailto:dmccarty_at_us.ibm.com]
> Sent: Monday, March 06, 2000 2:46 PM

snip
> A boat with positive floatation is a good thing.  The 
> ListConsensus seems
> to be that if one has a boat without bulkheads then one needs floation
> bags.  Not so much as to keep a swamped boat floating but to 
> displace water
> and make it easier to recover from a mishap.  Less water in 
> the boat means
> less water to empty.

  I have never paddled an Old Town Loon (prefer Common and Pacific Loons
myself), or even seen one, but reading the Old Town ad on the back inside
cover of the March, 2000 Canoe & Kayak magazine it appears that Old Town
touts their inner foam core between the two layers of linear poly as
providing "built in flotation".  Literally true - perhaps.  Responsible and
practical for real world paddling conditions - perhaps not.  Will somebody
die because of marketing techniques - I certainly hope not - but somebody
came close this past weekend......
  
Dave Seng
Juneau, Alaska
 
   
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From: <LedJube_at_aol.com>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] Nearly Fatal
Date: Mon, 6 Mar 2000 20:51:30 EST
Hi all,

    To Debs: Your response to this unfortunate soul's plight is laudable. I 
have every confidence that you treated this person with compassion and grace. 
I only hope that he listens to your advise and seeks help from a local club 
regarding safety training. Please don't boycott anything it will only serve 
to weaken your position.

    To Rob: I too (not surprisingly) think that the tone of the postings has 
been somewhat damning. I too feel personal responsibility is the only thing 
that will properly address the potential for death via common objects. But no 
one addresses, prior to sale, the dangerous aspects of kayaking. This should 
change.

    To PW: Old Town's definition of built in flotation is accurate for the 
nature of the craft in question. This boat will not sink but it is not 
capable of being paddled while swamped. Without any water displacing 
floatation the boat fills with water quickly and is nearly impossible to 
right unless you have great upper body strength *and* excellent footing. This 
boat is the quintessential "recreational kayak" designed, built and sold to 
"entry level" kayakers, in other words a boat in search of an incident.

    To the Store: Thousands of these boats have been sold and used without 
incident...until now! They should be sold *with* floatation or not at all! 
Shame on the salesman for not expounding the dangers of winter paddling to an 
obvious novice buying a boat in the wintertime! Would you sell a gun to 
someone in the midst of a psychotic episode?  Of course not??? well......???  
Do not underestimate the negative effect of bad press. Tread lightly when 
dealing with a safety concerned paddle club administrator with an audience, 
you may live to see your patrons buy elsewhere.

    To Ralph: What you decide to do must be based on fact. I have every 
confidence that you will think long and hard before taking some action that 
might hurt a potential safety node like the dealership in question.

    To PW: Every boat that I have bought came with an owners manual, however 
sparse, they did include cautions to seek training and additional safety 
information. I suspect the OT Loon came with such a manual. Deb did the right 
thing, the WetOne lived, the shop was notified.

    TheWetOne is a fool, but I don't want him to die in a kayak on my watch.

Jed

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From: <JCMARTIN43_at_aol.com>
subject: RE: [Paddlewise] Nearly Fatal
Date: Mon, 6 Mar 2000 21:10:44 EST
The thing with dealers is that they seem to be afraid --- and I'm afraid they're correct in being afraid, in our lawsuit-conscious world --- that if they provide *any* advice, other than a recommendation to join a paddling club or read a book and become aware of what paddling's all about, that they'll be sued for missing something or providing incorrect advice.  It's stupid, but I think there's something to that --- they don't carry the insurance they'd need to be instructors, so they feel the least bad thing they can do is to do nothing.  And, unfortunately, for the sake of their ongoing business, they may be right.

In the Baltimore-Washington-Annapolis area, the Chesapeake Paddler Association has a pretty good rapport with most of the major kayak retailers; they all keep and give out our flyers and applications, and, to the extent they can, they tout joining the CPA and directly support our work in outreach to the growing "newbie" population of sea kayakers.  They "use" the CPA as the clearinghouse for valid kayaker info, missing that responsibility in the process, and we profit, as a club, from the support that they provide and the service they do for the newbies.  It works.

Jack Martin
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From: <Chico1080_at_aol.com>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] Nearly Fatal
Date: Mon, 6 Mar 2000 21:16:22 EST
Good post Debs.
Classic winter / novice tale.
Shame the store didn't accept more responsibility.

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From: Jan Shriner & Roger Schumann <postmaster_at_eskapekayak.com>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] Nearly Fatal
Date: Mon, 6 Mar 2000 18:45:43 -0800
Debs,


Good for you for handling the Wet One situation and for the follow through
with the retailer. 





I once had an experience with a family who had purchased 2 Old Town Loons from
a retailer here in California. Luckily the store had told them that they
should take a class and the family did follow through on the advice. I am told
by other retailers that their customers sometimes won't take a class with a
new kayak even if the store gives it to them. 





They brought the loons to a protected flatwater lesson. We ran through the
strokes including basic bracing. Hip snaps were difficult and there were no
sprayskirts because the boats were doubles with one large cockpit, more like a
canoe with a little bit of deck folded over on each end. We played around with
each person taking a turn standing up in the kayak and really pushing the
stability. Everyone was in wetsuits (because the water in this area is 55
degrees) and PFDs (because we always wear them) and we wanted to get wet in
this lesson. Finally we went ahead and dumped one of the Loons in waist deep
water to see what kind of rescues we could do.





The kayak had been "guaranteed to float" I guess because of the foam core
construction. Even though it would float by itself, it floated just below the
surface of the water, neutrally buoyant, and dark green like the color of the
deep cold bay. If any one of us put any body weight on it, it sank until we
moved off of it and then it would come back up. We tried canoe rescues but
found that the upper deck of these "kayaks" acted too much like buckets
scooping about 50 gallons of water in one end. We tried kayak rescues like the
T rescue, Paddle Float, and Side by Side but in every case the cavernous
cockpit allowed too much water into the kayak to be able to maneuver it. If
anyone has successfully rescued an Old Town Loon double from the water, please
let me know the proper technique.





The parents were very disappointed because they had intended to take these Old
Town Loons out onto Monterey Bay eventually but after the lesson they realized
how dangerous the kayaks would be in open water. I am glad that they took the
lesson before they took the kayak out onto open water. They told me that the
sales person had spent one and a half hours teaching them how to tie the
kayaks onto their SUV. It makes me think that the salesperson would have spent
more time on water safety issues if they had understood the risks themselves.
I think the salesperson thought that the kayak did have the proper flotation
from the materials that Old Town distributes. (What is "Positive Flotation"
can anyone mention how high in the water column that means to them?) The
family and I talked about float bags for the bow and stern but there is still
going to be that enormous cockpit to deal with in the case of a capsize.





Not all sales people are savvy paddlers. Not all marketing staff in kayak
manufacturing companies are water people. It is up to us out here in the
trenches to protect the sport we love through education. I am so tempted to
end this here with one of those chain letter type lines like:


"Pass this on to 20 of your friends right away for......." but I don't know
exactly how a chain letter ends, I never read that far I guess.





Anyway, thanks Debs for your helping out the paddling community. Thanks to all
of you who are helping pass the word on water safety.





Jan





    -----Original Message-----


    From: Reeves, Debbie (Debbie) <dreeves_at_lucent.com>


    To: 'paddlewise_at_lists.intelenet.net' <paddlewise_at_lists.intelenet.net>


    Date: Sunday, March 05, 2000 5:05 PM


    Subject: [Paddlewise] Nearly Fatal


    


    


    It's 3 a.m. and I give up on my sleeplessness caused by the incidents on


    3/3.  Here's what happened:


    


    It was a very windy day here, the perfect weather to do some test paddling

    for a potentially new camping kayak.  I had been waiting patiently for
some


    strong wind because all boats paddle good in nice weather, its only when
the


    weather goes south that they start to stand apart.  I took along jugs of


    water to simulate gear load, picked up a couple of boats at our local
kayak


    store and drove the short distance to a large (salt water) river.  As I am

    unloading the car of boats and gear in the parking lot, from behind me I


    hear a very soft, quivering voice say, "Can you help me?"


    


    I turn to see a young man, quite pale, dripping wet from head to toe, his



    clothes sagging with the weight of water trapped in cotton.  I asked "Are



    you o.k.?"  He said, "I took my new kayak out and it flipped over.  Can
you


    help me get it?"  I asked him if he had any clothes to change into; he


    hesitated and then said "No, let's go get my boat."


    


    I made the assumption that the boat was on or near shore, and he had
dumped


    while attempting to get out of the boat.  When we got to the shoreline I
see


    the boat floating upside down, keel just at the waterline (not above the


    waterline), way out in the river.  The 15-20 mph winds were from the west,

    blowing it straight downriver toward the bay.  


    


    So TheWetOne & I rush back to my car, I hurridly grab what I need, toss it

    in a boat and we carry down to the water.  In the span of 1-1/2 minutes we

    were getting my boat, his boat has been blown another 150 ft downriver,
but


    has now taken a turn for shore.  Seeing this, I am quite relieved and
decide


    it will be easier for me to wade/swim out and pull it in.  As we get down
to


    that area and I wade out, the water turns out to be quite shallow, never


    going over my thighs (water temp 44F).


    


    The first thing I do is clip on a bow line.  Then I try to roll the boat


    over by grabbing the edges of the cockpit (I tried both from the upwind
side


    and the downwind side-both to no avail).  Failing that, I wrap the bow
line


    around my body and try pulling it toward shore but cannot budge it.  This



    struggle goes on for 3 or 4 minutes as I make little progress.  Again I
try


    rolling it over, this time trying to position my knees lower to give me
more


    of a lift.  Failure again.  I look toward shore and the only person is


    TheWetOne, now shivering uncontrollably.  I yelled that I couldn't get it



    any further in unless I had help flipping it over.  He came jogging out


    yelping as each foot touched the water.  We both grab the cockpit and are



    barely able to get it up.  We keep going with this until the waters starts

    to flow out of the cockpit.  At this point I tell TheWetOne to go get


    changed since I can manage it.  Over the next 10 minutes I continue
emptying


    the boat and pulling it toward shore.  Very slow going.  The boat is an


    Oldtown Loon, probably 14 ft.  No bulkheads.  No visible floatation.


    Nothing on deck other than a fishing pole under the bungees.


    


    Once his boat is up on the beach, I go back to the parking lot to find
that


    his car is gone.  I now make the assumption that he had no spare clothes
in


    his car and had to go home to change.  I am so angry, I am dizzy.  Waiting

    for TheWetOne to return, I continue preparing for my test paddles.  After



    loading the first boat, I get in to adjust the footpegs.  There are none.



    What?  I get out and look in the cockpit.  Right.  No footpegs.  Great.
Now


    I am really pissed.  This was a designated "demo" boat and it has no


    footpegs.  


    


    TheWetOne returns and asks if there is anything he give me or do for me.
I


    said, "Yes.  Join a club.  You will learn a lot and be safer."  I gave him

    our group brochure and told him that if he contacted the store, they could

    give him additional clubs info.  As I help him load his stuff back in the



    car, I ask him some questions.  Here are the answers.


    


    He had purchased his boat the week before and was never told anything
about


    the hazards of cold water.  He had no previous water sports experience.
He


    was told that his boat had "built-in" flotation and all he needed was a
PFD.


    He did not know anything about sprayskirts, pumps or paddlefloats.  Since
it


    was a sunny day, he thought it would be perfect to go out and try fishing



    from his new, stable kayak.  He did not realize that wind would have any


    effect on the craft.  As he had gotten off-shore, he had quickly gotten
into


    trouble, loosing control as the waves kept washing into the cockpit until
it


    finally flipped him over.  Fortunately, he had been wearing his PFD and
was


    able to make it back to shore.


    


    After he leaves, I decide to go through with the test paddle even though
it


    will be impossible for me to accurately access the boat in these
conditions


    with no foot pegs.  But it will let me blow out an awful lot of steam.


    After zig-zagging the waterway to simulate beam seas, following seas,
etc.,


    I head back to the put-in to try the other boat.  Shifting the gear load
to


    the new boat, I am dismayed to realize the it is missing the neoprene rear

    hatch cover (the lid was there but fit loosly).  With anger returning, I


    head off shore and have a fun time in this boat zig-zagging around to see



    how it manages.  At times I have trouble holding onto the paddle with
gusts


    at 35-40 mph.  With following seas, I am able to hold the boat totally on



    its side without my blade in the water.  Now I'm feeling much better.  I


    finish and load the car but dread going back to the store to let the store

    owner know what has taken place.


    


    Arriving back at the store, the "yard" guys are waiting to take the boats



    off the car and lock them up for the night and can go home.  I let them
know


    the problems with the demo boats and they apologize for not having checked

    the boats first.


    


    The owner is just leaving when I catch him.  We sit down and I relay my


    afternoon's experience with him (omitting the problems with his demo
boats).


    He is shocked, taken aback but at times becomes (in my opinion) a little


    defensive of their store practices and of the manufacturers.  I suggest
that


    because of shere sales volume and  busyness (sp) of the store, perhaps it



    was difficult to depend on someone covering the basic safety info with new

    boat owners.  Perhaps I could write something up as a 1 page flyer that


    could be handed to the customers with every boat purchase.  I'm told that



    the manufacturer tapes safety info in every boat, besides, I am reminded,



    the store sells videos and books that cover all aspects of kayaking.  I am

    told that new boat owners aren't interested in hearing safety tips; they
are


    too focused on their new stuff and can't/won't listen to you.  The owner


    states that he will communicate the event to the store staff in their next

    meeting.  I never hear what will change in their selling process, but
don't


    feel comfortable in pushing the issue.


    


    For the next 2 days I struggle with this.  At the Paddlesport show at the



    end of March, probably 2,000-5,000 boats will be sold over a 3 day period,

    probably 65-70% of them being "recreational" kayaks.  In discussing
thoughts


    I've had to take proactive steps to reduce the number of incidents,
everyone


    I talk to tells me to forget it.  The manufacturers don't want it, the


    resellers don't want it, the consumer doesn't want it.  I wonder, should
our


    club continue to participate in the show - with such enormous amounts of


    obvious negligence?  Right now my answer is a tentative yes; perhaps


    attendees visiting our table will hear some safety info, perhaps they will

    decide to join the group and read the informative articles in the


    newsletter, perhaps they will have the opportunity to attend a group trip



    and receive paddling tips.  Perhaps.


    


    Discouraged in Sandy Hook, NJ


    Debbie Reeves


    


    


    


    



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From: <volinjo_at_juno.com>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] Nearly Fatal
Date: Mon, 6 Mar 2000 22:36:25 -0500
Actually, I would have predicted the store owner's response.  Partly,
he's probably right, that new owners of recreational boats aren't
interested in the "safety stuff."  Largely, though, I think he's worried
about scaring them off if he pushes the potential dangers.  

One way of going about it is to convince him (that's a generic "him" -
not just this store owner, but any and all) that they could sell some
more merchandise - if they tell these new buyers that they need all of
this additional equipment, they'll surely buy it.  I don't know if that
would be any more effective than trying to get them to present safety
info, but it might be worth a shot.

And yes, I think it's very important that the club be at Paddlesport. 
The safety message can be conveyed from a number of places - for Atlantic
Sea Kayakers, from AnoRak, from Atlantic Kayak Tours.  I think
H2Outfitters also makes a similar pitch.  So they won't hear it once,
they'll hear it many times.  Maybe it will sink in.

Maybe.

Still, the obligation is there.

Joan

(PS - why were you out testing boats in those kinds of winds by
yourself???)

On Sun, 5 Mar 2000 19:45:05 -0500 "Reeves, Debbie (Debbie)"
<dreeves_at_lucent.com> writes:
> It's 3 a.m. and I give up on my sleeplessness caused by the incidents 
> on
> 3/3.  Here's what happened:
> 
> It was a very windy day here, the perfect weather to do some test 
> paddling
> for a potentially new camping kayak.  I had been waiting patiently 
> for some
> strong wind because all boats paddle good in nice weather, its only 
> when the
> weather goes south that they start to stand apart.  I took along 
> jugs of
> water to simulate gear load, picked up a couple of boats at our 
> local kayak
> store and drove the short distance to a large (salt water) river.  
> As I am
> unloading the car of boats and gear in the parking lot, from behind 
> me I
> hear a very soft, quivering voice say, "Can you help me?"
> 
> I turn to see a young man, quite pale, dripping wet from head to 
> toe, his
> clothes sagging with the weight of water trapped in cotton.  I asked 
> "Are
> you o.k.?"  He said, "I took my new kayak out and it flipped over.  
> Can you
> help me get it?"  I asked him if he had any clothes to change into; 
> he
> hesitated and then said "No, let's go get my boat."
> 
> I made the assumption that the boat was on or near shore, and he had 
> dumped
> while attempting to get out of the boat.  When we got to the 
> shoreline I see
> the boat floating upside down, keel just at the waterline (not above 
> the
> waterline), way out in the river.  The 15-20 mph winds were from the 
> west,
> blowing it straight downriver toward the bay.  
> 
> So TheWetOne & I rush back to my car, I hurridly grab what I need, 
> toss it
> in a boat and we carry down to the water.  In the span of 1-1/2 
> minutes we
> were getting my boat, his boat has been blown another 150 ft 
> downriver, but
> has now taken a turn for shore.  Seeing this, I am quite relieved 
> and decide
> it will be easier for me to wade/swim out and pull it in.  As we get 
> down to
> that area and I wade out, the water turns out to be quite shallow, 
> never
> going over my thighs (water temp 44F).
> 
> The first thing I do is clip on a bow line.  Then I try to roll the 
> boat
> over by grabbing the edges of the cockpit (I tried both from the 
> upwind side
> and the downwind side-both to no avail).  Failing that, I wrap the 
> bow line
> around my body and try pulling it toward shore but cannot budge it.  
> This
> struggle goes on for 3 or 4 minutes as I make little progress.  
> Again I try
> rolling it over, this time trying to position my knees lower to give 
> me more
> of a lift.  Failure again.  I look toward shore and the only person 
> is
> TheWetOne, now shivering uncontrollably.  I yelled that I couldn't 
> get it
> any further in unless I had help flipping it over.  He came jogging 
> out
> yelping as each foot touched the water.  We both grab the cockpit 
> and are
> barely able to get it up.  We keep going with this until the waters 
> starts
> to flow out of the cockpit.  At this point I tell TheWetOne to go 
> get
> changed since I can manage it.  Over the next 10 minutes I continue 
> emptying
> the boat and pulling it toward shore.  Very slow going.  The boat is 
> an
> Oldtown Loon, probably 14 ft.  No bulkheads.  No visible floatation.
> Nothing on deck other than a fishing pole under the bungees.
> 
> Once his boat is up on the beach, I go back to the parking lot to 
> find that
> his car is gone.  I now make the assumption that he had no spare 
> clothes in
> his car and had to go home to change.  I am so angry, I am dizzy.  
> Waiting
> for TheWetOne to return, I continue preparing for my test paddles.  
> After
> loading the first boat, I get in to adjust the footpegs.  There are 
> none.
> What?  I get out and look in the cockpit.  Right.  No footpegs.  
> Great.  Now
> I am really pissed.  This was a designated "demo" boat and it has no
> footpegs.  
> 
> TheWetOne returns and asks if there is anything he give me or do for 
> me.  I
> said, "Yes.  Join a club.  You will learn a lot and be safer."  I 
> gave him
> our group brochure and told him that if he contacted the store, they 
> could
> give him additional clubs info.  As I help him load his stuff back 
> in the
> car, I ask him some questions.  Here are the answers.
> 
> He had purchased his boat the week before and was never told 
> anything about
> the hazards of cold water.  He had no previous water sports 
> experience.  He
> was told that his boat had "built-in" flotation and all he needed 
> was a PFD.
> He did not know anything about sprayskirts, pumps or paddlefloats.  
> Since it
> was a sunny day, he thought it would be perfect to go out and try 
> fishing
> from his new, stable kayak.  He did not realize that wind would have 
> any
> effect on the craft.  As he had gotten off-shore, he had quickly 
> gotten into
> trouble, loosing control as the waves kept washing into the cockpit 
> until it
> finally flipped him over.  Fortunately, he had been wearing his PFD 
> and was
> able to make it back to shore.
> 
> After he leaves, I decide to go through with the test paddle even 
> though it
> will be impossible for me to accurately access the boat in these 
> conditions
> with no foot pegs.  But it will let me blow out an awful lot of 
> steam.
> After zig-zagging the waterway to simulate beam seas, following 
> seas, etc.,
> I head back to the put-in to try the other boat.  Shifting the gear 
> load to
> the new boat, I am dismayed to realize the it is missing the 
> neoprene rear
> hatch cover (the lid was there but fit loosly).  With anger 
> returning, I
> head off shore and have a fun time in this boat zig-zagging around 
> to see
> how it manages.  At times I have trouble holding onto the paddle 
> with gusts
> at 35-40 mph.  With following seas, I am able to hold the boat 
> totally on
> its side without my blade in the water.  Now I'm feeling much 
> better.  I
> finish and load the car but dread going back to the store to let the 
> store
> owner know what has taken place.
> 
> Arriving back at the store, the "yard" guys are waiting to take the 
> boats
> off the car and lock them up for the night and can go home.  I let 
> them know
> the problems with the demo boats and they apologize for not having 
> checked
> the boats first.
> 
> The owner is just leaving when I catch him.  We sit down and I relay 
> my
> afternoon's experience with him (omitting the problems with his demo 
> boats).
> He is shocked, taken aback but at times becomes (in my opinion) a 
> little
> defensive of their store practices and of the manufacturers.  I 
> suggest that
> because of shere sales volume and  busyness (sp) of the store, 
> perhaps it
> was difficult to depend on someone covering the basic safety info 
> with new
> boat owners.  Perhaps I could write something up as a 1 page flyer 
> that
> could be handed to the customers with every boat purchase.  I'm told 
> that
> the manufacturer tapes safety info in every boat, besides, I am 
> reminded,
> the store sells videos and books that cover all aspects of kayaking. 
>  I am
> told that new boat owners aren't interested in hearing safety tips; 
> they are
> too focused on their new stuff and can't/won't listen to you.  The 
> owner
> states that he will communicate the event to the store staff in 
> their next
> meeting.  I never hear what will change in their selling process, 
> but don't
> feel comfortable in pushing the issue.
> 
> For the next 2 days I struggle with this.  At the Paddlesport show 
> at the
> end of March, probably 2,000-5,000 boats will be sold over a 3 day 
> period,
> probably 65-70% of them being "recreational" kayaks.  In discussing 
> thoughts
> I've had to take proactive steps to reduce the number of incidents, 
> everyone
> I talk to tells me to forget it.  The manufacturers don't want it, 
> the
> resellers don't want it, the consumer doesn't want it.  I wonder, 
> should our
> club continue to participate in the show - with such enormous 
> amounts of
> obvious negligence?  Right now my answer is a tentative yes; perhaps
> attendees visiting our table will hear some safety info, perhaps 
> they will
> decide to join the group and read the informative articles in the
> newsletter, perhaps they will have the opportunity to attend a group 
> trip
> and receive paddling tips.  Perhaps.
> 
> Discouraged in Sandy Hook, NJ
> Debbie Reeves
> 
> 
> 
> 
>
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From: Joe Pylka <pylka_at_castle.net>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] Nearly Fatal
Date: Tue, 7 Mar 2000 01:26:58 -0500
>The thing with dealers is that they seem to be afraid --- and I'm afraid
they're correct in being afraid, in our lawsuit-conscious world --- that if
they provide *any* advice, other than a recommendation to join a paddling
club or read a book and become aware of what paddling's all about, that
they'll be sued for missing something or providing incorrect advice

    A couple of years ago I was talking with the proprietor of a tube rental
on a popular river in another state.  I noticed a father and son picking up
tubes and equipment for the river.  There was a sign right there with
information and requirements, including one stating that no child under the
age of 10 would be allowed to rent or use a tube.  I mentioned to the
proprietor that the boy seemed to be about 8 years old.  He said that the
father said he was 10 but he didn't believe it either.  So I asked why he
was still permitted to go.  He replied that he had to take the father's word
for it.  Should he question it, in that state it would be an instance of
"taking an interest in the welfare of a client".  That alone would triple
his insurance premium, and that would put him out of business.  So he had
little choice.

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From: Shawn W. Baker <baker_at_montana.com>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] Nearly Fatal
Date: Tue, 07 Mar 2000 08:10:01 -0700
I am not really one to post "me-too" posts, but Jed Luby said it better
than I tried to.  I didn't try to come off as advocating punishment for
anybody (TheStore or TheWetOne) in that situation, but Debbie's post
made it clear that something is wrong and something needs to change.

Thanks Jed for taking the words out of my mouth (and making them more
intelligible!!)

Shawn
-- 
Shawn W. Baker          0                                    46°53'N
© 2000            ____©/______                              114°06'W
~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^\  ,/      /~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^
baker_at_montana.com    0        http://www.missoulaconcrete.com/shawn/
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From: Reeves, Debbie (Debbie) <"Reeves,>
subject: RE: [Paddlewise] Nearly Fatal
Date: Tue, 7 Mar 2000 10:47:53 -0500
Larry -

I see how what I said was misleading.  I did not ask him to come out to
help.  I was telling him that I could not get it in and I would have to find
some other help.  I did not expect him to come out.  On the other hand, when
he did come out, I didn't stop him.  Perhaps that is just as bad.

Debs

> ----------
> From: 	Larry Bliven[SMTP:foxhill_at_shore.intercom.net]
> 
> >I look toward shore and the only person is
> > TheWetOne, now shivering uncontrollably.  I yelled that I couldn't get
> it
> > any further in unless I had help flipping it over.  He came jogging out
> > yelping as each foot touched the water
> 
> Excuse me,
> is it common practice to ask someone who is *shivering uncontrollably* to
> go
> back into cold water to retrieve a kayak?
> 
> 
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From: Reeves, Debbie (Debbie) <"Reeves,>
subject: RE: [Paddlewise] Nearly Fatal
Date: Tue, 7 Mar 2000 10:49:56 -0500
Exactly what does "built-in floatation" mean.  I had always thought that
statement meant that the boat gunnels would be above the surface.  It does
not.  The boat was floating, but it was submerged.  Let me reemphasize, it
did not sink to the bottom, it floated just below the surface.  Personally,
I consider that misleading, but I am sure the manufacturer does not.  It
boils down to interruptation.  One possible (cheap) solution would be to add
4 tie-downs in the bow and stern to tie in float bags.  But how do we (the
user segment) get them (the manufacturers)to do that? 

Debs

> ----------
	Bruce wrote:

>  WE SHOULD DEMAND THIS FROM ALL MANUFACTURERS.  It's a start.
>    I visited the Old Town Website, if the model was correct "Loon," then
> it 
> does have positive flotation. See
> http://www.otccanoe.com/const_polylink.html 
> according to the manufacturer.
> 
> 
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From: ralph diaz <rdiaz_at_ix.netcom.com>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] Nearly Fatal
Date: Tue, 07 Mar 2000 11:10:28 -0800
Reeves, Debbie (Debbie) wrote:
> 
> Exactly what does "built-in floatation" mean.  I had always thought that
> statement meant that the boat gunnels would be above the surface.  It does
> not.  The boat was floating, but it was submerged.  Let me reemphasize, it
> did not sink to the bottom, it floated just below the surface.  Personally,
> I consider that misleading, but I am sure the manufacturer does not.  It
> boils down to interruptation.  One possible (cheap) solution would be to add
> 4 tie-downs in the bow and stern to tie in float bags.  But how do we (the
> user segment) get them (the manufacturers)to do that?
> 
> Debs

To my knowledge the term means that the boat won't sink to Davey Jones
Locker, i.e. it will float in some retrievable fashion at the surface,
more or less.  It doesn't mean that it will float with freeboard if the
average weight number of paddlers (single or double) are sitting in it.

So, while it is a correct statement it is misleading in that people can
easily make the assumption that it will float fully flooded with them in
it and still be usable or be able to be pumped.  It can't.  Cockpits
will be submerged so part or all of the coaming will be underwater and
therefore no amount of pumping could empty it.

All you have to do to establish just how effective built-in flotation is
is just to look at the boat.  If the flotation is just thicker walls on
the perimeter of the boat that is filled with something bouyant, you can
see that it would not be sufficient to create freeboard were the boat to
be filled with water.

I have been known to get pretty worked up on this regarding folding
kayaks, none of which will float with sufficient freeboard for emptying
out if the paddlers rely on the built in sponsons alone.  I also clearly
stated this in my book, and to underline this, I included a photo of a
couple (who were Twiggy and Woody Allen size) in a double Klepper with
just the sponsons inflated and no flotation bags (page 104).  Their boat
had half the cockpit submerged and would have been impossible to empty
with them in it.  On second thought, perhaps I should have used Jackie
Gleason size paddlers as they would have displaced more water and of
less weight than the water they replaced; and therefore provide some
more bouyancy :-) But that is counter-intuitive and so thinner people
looked better to illustrate the point.

ralph
-- 
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ralph Diaz . . . Folding Kayaker newsletter
PO Box 0754, New York, NY 10024
Tel: 212-724-5069; E-mail: rdiaz_at_ix.netcom.com
"Where's your sea kayak?"----"It's in the bag."
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From: Philip Torrens <skerries_at_hotmail.com>
subject: RE: [Paddlewise] Nearly Fatal
Date: Tue, 07 Mar 2000 08:40:38 PST
>The thing with dealers is that they seem to be afraid --- and I'm afraid 
>they're correct in being afraid, in our lawsuit-conscious world --- that if 
>they provide *any* advice, other than a recommendation to join a paddling 
>club or read a book and become aware of what paddling's all about, that 
>they'll be sued for missing something or providing incorrect advice.  It's 
>stupid, but I think there's something to that --- they don't carry the 
>insurance they'd need to be instructors, so they feel the least bad thing 
>they can do is to do nothing.  And, unfortunately, for the sake of their 
>ongoing business, they may be right. SNIP
>Jack Martin

Jack has put his finger on a really important issue. I work for a major 
outdoor retailer (thought I stress I'm on PaddleWise as a "civilian" and I 
am in no way a spokesgeek for my employer). We have to do a major balancing 
act on the retail floor and in our catalogue, since we need to explain what 
the benefits of an item are (i.e. why you might want to buy it). This of 
course, usually entails explaining what the item does. The tricky part is 
explaining what it does without crossing the line into offering instruction 
in to how to do the activity itself, which has major legal implications!
A couple of other factors enter into the equation as well:
As noted, some customers think that when you suggest they get the 
paddlefloat, wetsuit, PFD, and so on to go with their kayak, that you're 
doing the car salesman thing of starting out with a cheap base price, and 
adding on the whitewalls, the power steering, the air-conditioning, etc 
(though buying a kayak without proper floatation is more like buying a car 
without brakes than one without whitewalls). As it happens our staff are not 
on commission, but not all our customers are aware of that, so I can't blame 
them for wondering about a possible conflict of interest. I think the same 
suspicion might enter a newbie's mind if the retailer happens to offer both 
products and instruction. The retailer might be suggesting courses out of a 
genuine concern for the beginner's safety and to get them off on the right 
foot in a sport the retailer loves (and I believe most smaller retailers do 
what they do out of a real passion for the sport - there are certainly 
easier ways to just make money if that was your goal). However the newbie 
may see the course suggestions as just more add-ons and upsells.
A second interesting factor can be ego: In the course of a conversation with 
a customer about a piece of gear, it may become very apparent that the 
person has little idea what they're doing. Try suggesting a course to them, 
particularly if they've brought their buddy, girlfriend, or boyfriend along 
so they can show off their mastery, and they can be deeply angered and 
embarrassed. (I've trying pitching the idea that the two of them would learn 
faster if they both took the same courses, but separately!) On a few 
occasions, we have actually declined to sell climbing gear to people when it 
was clear they would be a danger to themselves and their partners (these 
were folks with absolutely no climbing experience, except perhaps having 
watched "Cliff-hanger" sixteen times, who were determined to just go out and 
do it without instruction). It was astonishing how abusive these folks were 
that we were concerned for their lives!

Philip Torrens
N49°16' W123°06'


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From: Joe Pylka <pylka_at_castle.net>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] Nearly Fatal
Date: Tue, 7 Mar 2000 13:41:21 -0500
>Exactly what does "built-in floatation" mean......
>The boat was floating, but it was submerged.  Let me reemphasize, it
>did not sink to the bottom, it floated just below the surface.  Personally,
>I consider that misleading, but I am sure the manufacturer does not.  It
>boils down to interruptation.
>Debs
        I seem to recall that USCG regs require that such boats "float",
i.e. must have positive buoyancy.  It seems to mean that it doesn't sink to
the bottom.  My Solo-14 open canoe floats at gunwale level by itself but if
I'm in it......
        That kayak was in salt water, which is denser.  Wonder what would
have happened in fresh water?

        Tie points are important, too.  On the Lehigh last year, two people
were in their (I think) OT Loons and both flipped over a steep rock and
hole.  Both had flotation bags installed but they were loose.  The bags
floated out, pushing everything else in the boat ahead of them.....   Then
the water current over the rock got into the cockpit of one boat, pushing
the boat to the bottom and holding it there.

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From: Doug Lloyd <dlloyd_at_telus.net>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] Nearly Fatal
Date: Tue, 07 Mar 2000 23:22:53 -0800
Thanks Deb, you got the list rocking!

But...the WetOne _did_ make it to shore; he did not paddle off into the
middle distance; he did not head out into some huge gale on some vast
maritime body of water; and he did not require official outside assistance
to drag his sorry ass to safety. Yes, he would have lost his boat (if not
for your kind assistance). I've done that before, but I've always been a
manageable distance from shore. Shivering ucontrollably? This is good. As
long as he was still shivering, he's got lots of spunk left. And as I
recall, he was the one insisting someone recover his loony-yak. Dripping
wet and cold? Love it! Now, if we could just set up all kayak retail stores
near the cold water, send prospective buyers offshore a few meters, then
play virtual-ocean and dump them over, well, bet that would convince them
to take a course or two. Just my two Canuck-land pennies. 

PS Love the preponderance you indicated toward paddling in the rough. You
are a gem amongst the multitude of fairy tale paddlers out there. Thanks
again for the hairy tale.

BC'in Ya
Doug Lloyd (the not-so DryOne himself) 
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From: ralph diaz <rdiaz_at_ix.netcom.com>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] Nearly Fatal
Date: Wed, 08 Mar 2000 07:57:54 -0800
Doug Lloyd wrote:
> 
> Thanks Deb, you got the list rocking!
> 
> But...the WetOne _did_ make it to shore; he did not paddle off into the
> middle distance; he did not head out into some huge gale on some vast
> maritime body of water; and he did not require official outside assistance
> to drag his sorry ass to safety. Yes, he would have lost his boat (if not
> for your kind assistance). I've done that before, but I've always been a
> manageable distance from shore. Shivering ucontrollably? This is good. As
> long as he was still shivering, he's got lots of spunk left. And as I
> recall, he was the one insisting someone recover his loony-yak. Dripping
> wet and cold? Love it! Now, if we could just set up all kayak retail stores
> near the cold water, send prospective buyers offshore a few meters, then
> play virtual-ocean and dump them over, well, bet that would convince them
> to take a course or two. Just my two Canuck-land pennies.

I think you are trolling.  But you should use loonies instead.  They
make better bait. :-)

ralph diaz
-- 
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ralph Diaz . . . Folding Kayaker newsletter
PO Box 0754, New York, NY 10024
Tel: 212-724-5069; E-mail: rdiaz_at_ix.netcom.com
"Where's your sea kayak?"----"It's in the bag."
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From: <dmccarty_at_us.ibm.com>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] Nearly Fatal
Date: Wed, 8 Mar 2000 09:55:27 -0500
The Wall Street Journal had a section called "Encore: A Guide
to Life after 55"  that was sent out for March 6th, 2000.  I
hope they sent this to all of their subscribers because I'm
not 55 or anywhere close to it!  But I also got something
today about Life Care and AARP is always sending me junk as
well.  Do they know something I don't?  8-)   But I degress...

The end of the paper has a large article on kayaking and the over 50
set.  There are some interesting comments that apply to our
safety discussion.  The article was written by a writer in
Massachusetts and seemed to focus on the Cape Code area.  I'm
going to quote some statements and paraphrase other pieces
of information.

-----------------------------------------------------------

The Cape's largest dealer sold 1,000 kayaks last year.  In
1990 they could not give one away.  Two thirds of the buyers
are over the age of 55.

A 71 year old paddle was turned off kayaking by the "macho"
image of the Capes origional kayakers.  "When I first go
interested, I bought a book to read about it that scared me
right off, because everything was aobut saving your life when
you capsize."

The article goes on to say, "Indeed, various trade magazines
offer no encouragement, often stressing sea rescue techniques.
And some of the columnists express downright disdain for
neophytes who venture forth without a mastery off all arcane
paddle skills."

The article then defines white water kayaks, "serious" boats,
and then recreational kayaking.  "Serious" kayaks are the
"16 to 19 foot splinter of a boat less than two feet wide
like the ones used by native Aleutian Islanders or Greenlanders."
Recreational kayaking or "sometimes flat-water kayaking, is
far less challenging.  A lot of paddlers with sea kayaks, in
fact, actually engage more in flatwater trips than in ocean
excursions, but an acutal recreational boat is shorter(about
nine to 14 feet in length), wider (and therefore less tippy)
and has a much more comfortable cockpit than its spartan
cousins."

The ACA says that in 1997 that recreational kayaks made up
27% of sales followed by the sea kayaks at 14%, white water
boats with 13% and finally canoes at 8%.  (That sure does not
add up to 100 but that is what the paper said.)

Mr. Murley is a naturalist for the Massachusetts Audubon
Society and has led canoe and kayak trips for 15 years.

"Almost everyone is worried about what they'll do if they
tip over in deep water.  The experts say kayakers should all
learn the Eskimo roll, but it's one thing to learn how to do
a roll in a swimming pool and another thing to do it in wind
and waves, notes Mr. Murley.  All paddlers should wear life
vests, of course if the worst does happen, Mr. Murley advises
that the best thing to do is 'swim for shallow water where you
can stand up' and walk to shore.  Most places on the Cape the
water is so shallow that getting your feet on the bottom is
no problem."

"'My philosophy is that the best paddling environment is close
to shore and getting into areas you have never seen before.
Going way out into the ocean where you can't see anything is
boring,'" says Mr. Murley.  For winter kayaking his advice
is to stay so close to the shore that you can scramble out
of the water before you feel the cold."

The last paragraph in the article after discussing the fear
of adult children worrying about their parents is about
winter paddling.

"Indeed, enthusiasts are reluctant to stop kayaking even
during the winter months.  Whenever the weather is sunny
and the wind is down, they are off and paddling.  Ms. Dobson
says you should always have a companion for safe winter
kayaking, but she says, 'the experience is magical.  I was
out on Long Pond in Harwich when it was skimmed over by a
thin layer of ice.  It broke just like china when I paddled
through it, and it sounded like chimes.'"

------------------------------------------------------------

First of all remember that we don't know what else was
said by the people interviewed and what was not published.

There where three pictures in the article.  One was of a man
building a boat.  Another was of a women who was paddling in the
summer who was wearing a PFD and a spray skirt.  There was
not visible extra paddle, paddle float or pump.  The third
picure was taken in winter or early spring.  There are two
paddlers.  The man in the foreground is wearing a light jacket
apparently over his PFD.  He also appears to have a tow rope
but it is hard to see if he has other equipment because of
the croping of the photo.  He does not have a sprayskirt.
The man in the background has on a PFD over a jacket.  He
does have a sprayskirt.  The man in the foreground is wearing
a ball cap.








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From: <LedJube_at_aol.com>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] Nearly Fatal
Date: Thu, 9 Mar 2000 01:48:35 EST
In a message dated 3/9/00 2:24:17 AM, wildoats_at_ionet.net writes:

<< What have I missed? >>

....telling us where you are so we can support your efforts by supporting 
your store. It is refreshing to hear someone from the industry accept that 
they not only have an opportunity to help but that they feel a moral 
obligation to do so. You are certainly someone with whom I would want to do 
business. Thank you for your comments and your efforts.

Jed
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From: <dmccarty_at_us.ibm.com>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] Nearly Fatal
Date: Thu, 9 Mar 2000 09:46:28 -0500
|    Provide a water briefing.  Knowing the tides, currents and water
temperatures
|expected along the planned route helps, everything from being dressed
properly to
|decreasing the work factor and using conditions to advantage rather than
fighting
|them.

I think you have this covered in the paragraph, but STRESS how deadly cold
water can be.  Inform the paddler on how quickly they will lose the
dexterity in their hands.  Warn them about the dangers of warm air and cold
water.  6-8 weeks ago we had 24 inches of snow on the ground here in
central North Carolina with ice on the lakes.  We have been in the 60-70's
and today we might hit 85.  That water is still cold.  Two weeks after the
snow and ice I saw people in small sailing boats out on the lakes.  They
did not appear to have on PFDs much less cold water gear.  There was one
kayaker who at least had on a PFD.  May have had on other gear but the boat
was too far away to tell.

Remind them to take water.  I know that sounds really simple but I have
seen people on a 6.5 mile hike with children aged from 4-8 in 90+ degree
weather with nothing more than a couple of soda cans in hand.  I have seen
this happen in varing degrees over and over.  I have talked to other people
who have witnessed the same thing.  Some people in our society are very far
removed from the realities of nature.

Hope this helps....
Dan McCarty


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