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From: Doug Lloyd <dalloyd_at_telus.net>
subject: [Paddlewise] Boat Design
Date: Fri, 13 Aug 2004 21:24:06 -0700
Here's a link to an excellent article that gives a hint regarding the work
that goes into designing a kayak:

http://www.pygmyboats.com/WoodenBoat%20Article.htm

Doug Lloyd
Victoria BC

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"Whatever can be said at all can be said clearly and whatever cannot be said
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Ludwig Wittgenstein
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From: PeterO <rebyl_kayak_at_iprimus.com.au>
subject: RE: [Paddlewise] Boat Design
Date: Sat, 14 Aug 2004 23:52:39 +1000
Doug wrote: -
Here's a link to an excellent article that
gives a hint regarding the work that goes
into designing a kayak:
http://www.pygmyboats.com/WoodenBoat%20Article.htm

G'Day Doug,

I can't pretend to know anything about kayak design. I'm trying to
understand the process.

The link you put forward and the information on the Mariner website suggest
that the principal function of those computer aided design tools, with the
exception of Matt's drag spread sheet, is to facilitate the generation of
templates and cross sections for building boats. Clearly a non trivial task
requiring many years investment of time and skill, but not at the core of
the knowledge needed to design a boat.

It is extraordinarily generous of Matt Broze and Robert Livingstone to make
such programs available. Having said that, even with such programs I confess
I could no more design a kayak than paddle to New Zealand. If I designed a
half decent boat it would be sheer good luck.

That part of the design process, which considers the effect of the hull
shape on: turning ability, tracking, kayaker size and weight, immunity to
pearling, weathercocking, ability to move into or out of a broach on a
breaking wave and many other parameters, all seem to rely on the designer's
experience of paddling, testing, building and selling many boats, rather
than physics or mathematical modelling. This shines out of Matt's
description of the history of the Mariner boats and seems to be an aspect of
kayak design that truly blends art and science.

If what I've said is right then I wonder to what extent the kind of
experience necessary to design a kayak can ever be reduced to rules of thumb
or equations. Perhaps with some designers instinct may serve better than
analysis. I also wonder about the kind of thoughts and experience you will
apply in designing your boat and hope you will keep us up to date.

By the way I'm a friend of the Nadgee designer Dave Winkworth. I also have a
great respect for Matt Broze, and his generous approach to sharing
knowledge. So I don't want to enter into the boat copying debate, though I
would dearly love to hear Dave and Matt get together and talk it through one
on one, maybe over a bottle of good wine but that might be hoping too much!

All the best, PeterO
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From: Doug Lloyd <dalloyd_at_telus.net>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] Boat Design
Date: Sun, 15 Aug 2004 01:48:42 -0700
Peter replied (snip):

>...Clearly a non trivial task requiring many years investment of time and
skill, but not at the core of the knowledge needed to design a boat.<

Yeah, I realize that, but the article did imply the kind of mental hard work
that goes into some of these buisnesses, design being the core unless one
simply copies existing hulls. Kit boats and plans don't become popular.
usually, without good design. I do wonder how some of these kit boat hull
designs recieved their initial inception. Did they go through the same
evolutionary process as Matt lays out on his website? I do know amongst the
buisneses providing kits/plans/completed wooden kayak, there can be tension
and legal wranglings from time to time too, so not all is always rosy with
that segment of the kayaking world, though I applaud guys like Nick, his
brother, et al for helping the masses have an affordable option to
commercial glass boats (well, with a little elbow grease). But like Shawn
pointed out in general, it is up to any offended parties to track down and
attempt to resolve the issues that are causing friction. I think some level
of discussion on groups like Paddlewise can be appropriate, but not all
would agree. I've certainly gained a wider appreciation of some of the
issues I did not have before, prior to Peter T bringng up certain inquiries.
I just wish at times the objectivism from all parties would extend the full
100%.

>That part of the design process, which considers the effect of the hull
shape on...turning ability, tracking, kayaker size and weight,  seem to rely
on the designer's experience of paddling, testing, building and selling many
boats, rather than physics or mathematical modelling.<

True enough it wouls appear, though some would niggle with your statement
and add that physics and math are all part of it too. Funnily enough, we did
have a destroyer-class navy vessel a few years ago in Canada, all computer
designed, fail its first sea trials (costing the tax payer a bundle if
memory serves me correctly).

The permutations are endless as Mr. Winters implied with boat design. The
wise paddler looks to buy newer designed kayaks that are tested/designed by
real paddlers and tweaked before being put into production. I think the
Tempest 180 is a good example, though I don't know the history/origins, if
any, of the initial hull design inception. I do think that the combined
efforts of various recreational paddling discussion groups, dedicated
traditional kayak discussion groups, club-written information sharing, and
the myriad of books, paddling magazines, web sites, etc, all make the task
of understanding the sport of sea kayaking in the context of boat
characteristics and the pursuit of better boats much easier, though I do
find opinion varies widley, enough that a given expert often directly
condradicts what other experts are saying.

>This shines out of Matt's description of the history of the Mariner boats
and seems to be an aspect of  kayak design that truly blends art and
science.<

Balancing the need for good tracking for open-passage making with the
ability to easily turn a kayak when needed is an aspect that frustrates a
lot of paddlers looking for the perfect kayak (for themselves), as well as
the designer I imagine. Matt and his brother have done an outstanding job
here, comingling the two flip sides of the coin. The other kayak that does a
wondeful job in my opinion, and like the Mariner line of kayaks has generaly
good glide characteristics despite its width, is the Gulfstream. I just
don't like how I sit in/experience these aforementioned kayaks, but it is a
totally personal preference obvioulsly. Matt claims his kayaks don't need
skegs, but some of the models do require sliding seats to optimize
efficiency while underway, so I still think the perfect boat hasn't been
developed yet (one with no moving parts other than the paddler). I do find
it interesting that most of the kit boat websites claim their kayak designs
obviate the need for rudders and skegs. Though subjective, I do think this
is an exaggeration. And gear capacity is a whole other realm when one does
view a good sea kayak with an eye to expedition paddling.

>If what I've said is right then I wonder to what extent the kind of
experience necessary to design a kayak can ever be reduced to rules of thumb
or equations. Perhaps with some designers instinct may serve better than
analysis. I also wonder about the kind of thoughts and experience you will
apply in designing your boat and hope you will keep us up to date.<

I often wonder how the folks at Current Designs, Seaward, Necky, etc., come
up with their designs. Do they hire navel architects, pay consultant fees,
experiment and play - having hired (or are) intelligent, creative
individuals. Personally, I'm headed toward a steep learning curve myself
with respect to executing design (lofting, offsets, etc.). And I've been too
busy splashing my kayak all over the coast for the last two decades to pay
much attention to hull design equations, etc. I do know what I like and
don't like, and where I can improve on what I have. I hope that will serve
me well. I certainly have the ability to manipulate wood to benefit from
some of its inherent properties and work the situation where those
properties resist the builders will. I don't want to too severly challenge
the design to the point where it would be easier to go back to fiberglass
which contorts to any shape.

Here is a top-ten list of prime considerations:

1. The hull must be strong. This may rule out hard chines. I feel semi-round
produces the strongest configuration, but can't back that up scientifically
off the top of my head. That profile at least must catch less guff
sideswiping over reefs.

2. The boat needs to be fast. The ability to move away quickly from danger
or work away from a lee shore is a must in areas prone to sudden squalls.
Again, a round bilge hull normally yields less wetted surface and a quicker
boat - all things being equal (and they never are).

3. The boat needs to be long. Again, the need for speed is paramount. Some
of the faster, really long race-type kayaks are a hoot, but not in any kind
of real sea. 17 to 19 feet would be my max. parameters, navel architecture
aside (and ignoring some of the shorter kayaks that have a good turn of
speed).

4. The boat needs to be narrow, 19 to 21 inches maximum. I don't paddle to
take pictures or fish. Ocean kayaking takes place in waves. One must be able
to readily lean into the action and remain perpendicular with good paddle
form. Narrow usually means fast too.

5. The kayak must be low-profile. The sea is a windy place. I'm appalled
with some of the sea kayk designs intended for open ocean. My preference
runs toward a wetter ride in order not to scarifice the lower profile.

6. The kayak has to track well without a rudder or skeg in a variety of wind
and wave conditions. This will be challenge to design. My Nordkapp tracks
much better (in a device-free mode) with edging and leaning. This can be
very difficult to maintain in heavy seas due to lack of solid initial
stability with this particular kayak (the emphasis here being holding
course). I may still add one of said devices as back-up.

7. The bow must carry the front of the kayak over the waves and not bury
itself, especially in following seas. This can be more difficult to achive
than it first appears, while maintaining reduced windage (IMHO). I was very
dissapointed with the Necky Arluk II which I believe was an attempt to fix
some of the Nordkapps difficulties in this regard. I watched one in
increasingly more difficult head seas for 7 hours once on a long, ill-fated
crossing. It plunged worse that the Nordkapp, then resisted coming back up.

8. A choice must be made between Swede and Fishform. If I go Fishform, I'm
going to need a bit more fullness in the stern to aid tracking and increase
seaworthiness.

9. The kayak must be an extension of the body. Ideally, one should hardly be
aware that the boat is even beneath you. Very few kayaks other than
traditional craft offer that (but they suffer a small payload capacity
(again, IMHO).

10. The craft must be astetically pleasing. Pleasing to my eyes, anyway. And
pleasing to my soul. I throw my whole spirit into paddling when I'm out on
the sea, even for a short trip. I can't imagine renting a different kayk
(one I'm not happy with) for a wilderness sojurn, and still experience the
journey the same way. This is probably a failing on my part. I've always
been a firlure to myself. But I do have fun, and hope my next kayak will
provide that.

> By the way I'm a friend of the Nadgee designer Dave Winkworth. I also have
a great respect for Matt Broze, and his generous approach to sharing
knowledge. So I don't want to enter into the boat copying debate, though I
would dearly love to hear Dave and Matt get together and talk it through one
on one, maybe over a bottle of good wine but that might be hoping too much!<

Anyone who does not have respect for Matt, even if you dissagree with him,
is a complete impbisile. He can push the conspiricy theory a bit at times,
but it is only because his mind is working at 90% more capacily than the
rest of us (well, some of us). Wine? How about some wine, a moon filled
night, with kayaks sitting above the high-tide, glistening with hope for a
new day of uderstanding for the 'morrow.

Some design insiration. Anyone knoe the story on this?

http://www.qajaqusa.org/gallery/New_Zealand/Tutakaka_flyer

Shawn in a Night Herron (a kit boat with rat promise. Anywone lnow its
capacity?

http://www.qajaqusa.org/gallery/New_Zealand/shawn_spine_rolling

Doug Lloyd (who's wife peered over his shoulder tonight and said don't
forget design point number 11: "Finish the house resnovations and all the
furniture have done, before you can build a kayak. Then I got the silent
treatment, which of course, I don'tt mind!)

Vicoria BC
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From: Doug Lloyd <dalloyd_at_telus.net>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] Boat Design
Date: Sun, 15 Aug 2004 20:29:27 -0700
Just found this site. It has a good list of considerations for a sea kayak:

http://home.clear.net.nz/pages/grantglazer/Kayak/DesignCeleste.htmf

Doug Lloyd
Victoria BC
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From: Doug Lloyd <dalloyd_at_telus.net>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] Boat Design
Date: Sun, 15 Aug 2004 20:36:05 -0700
If this doesn't
work:http://home.clear.net.nz/pages/grantglazer/Kayak/DesignCeleste.htm,
try:

http://home.clear.net.nz/pages/grantglazer/Kayak/photojournals.htm

Click on "Designs," then go to bottom of page for the Celeste and click on
designer's name.

Doug Lloyd
Victoria BC
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From: PeterO <rebyl_kayak_at_iprimus.com.au>
subject: RE: [Paddlewise] Boat Design
Date: Mon, 16 Aug 2004 15:30:01 +1000
Doug wrote: -
>Click on "Designs," then go to bottom of page
>for the Celeste and click on designer's name.

G'Day Doug' and Paddlewise,

Thanks for those links. The Celeste looks like a beautiful boat, or maybe
I'm a sucker for a good write up:~) It had me seriously thinking about
renting a workshop for a year!

Here's a webpage, which I'm pretty sure you will have seen, but it may be of
interest to others. http://www.nswseakayaker.asn.au/mag/29/design.htm It
gives an articles on design parameters by Norm Sanders with a linked
critique by John Winters. John refers to an article in Kanawa in which he
shows how "a good boat was almost inevitable so long as the builder does not
try to force natural materials to do unnatural things" Unfortunately I
couldn't find the article in the Kanawa archives but have emailed them for a
copy.

All the best, PeterO
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From: Doug Lloyd <dalloyd_at_telus.net>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] Boat Design
Date: Mon, 16 Aug 2004 16:58:50 -0700
Peter replied (snip):
>Here's a webpage, which I'm pretty sure you will have seen, but it may be
of interest to others. It gives an articles on design parameters by Norm
Sanders with a linked critique by John Winters.<
http://www.nswseakayaker.asn.au/mag/29/design.htm

Yeah, read that one once before, but forgot about it.

Here's a link where Ray Jardine reflects what you stated in an earlier post
regarding kayak design being more intuitive. I'll quote the pertinent
sentences, as navigating to the site might prove bothersome:

"...I morphed two time-tested designs. One was a Dyson baidarka and the
other was a Herreschoff canoe. Then I drew upon my own paddling experience,
which included a few thousand miles in the Sea of Cortez, and a 3,300 mile
trip along the coasts of British Columbia and southwestern Alaska. Because
you see, boat design science and technology are one thing, and intuitive
reasoning based on tons of experience is another. And when a designer comes
along with the capacity for both, we have a recipe for some magic. "

From:
http://www.rayjardine.com/projects/kayak-construction/kayak_design-comments.

He's an interesting fellow, to say the least.

Doug Lloyd
Victoria BC
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From: Elias Ross <genman_at_noderunner.net>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] Boat Design
Date: Sat, 14 Aug 2004 01:01:27 -0700
Doug Lloyd wrote:
> Here's a link to an excellent article that gives a hint regarding the work
> that goes into designing a kayak:
> 
> http://www.pygmyboats.com/WoodenBoat%20Article.htm

It was interesting reading about software and kayaks:  I spend a bit of 
my free time and some work time developing "free software", which is 
"free as in freedom".  I'm many of you out there have heard of Linux, or 
maybe the web browser Mozilla or HTTP server Apache.  All of these 
software packages are free to copy, with some restrictions.  They are 
copy-lefted, not public-domain, meaning that the original creator 
reserves certain rights and control over their own copyrighted work.

http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html

     * The freedom to run the program, for any purpose (freedom 0).
     * The freedom to study how the program works, and adapt it to your 
needs (freedom 1). Access to the source code is a precondition for this.
     * The freedom to redistribute copies so you can help your neighbor 
(freedom 2).
     * The freedom to improve the program, and release your improvements 
to the public, so that the whole community benefits (freedom 3). Access 
to the source code is a precondition for this.

I spend a bit of my time helping out these projects because:  1.  I use 
free software and feel obliged to contribute because if I don't, who 
will?  2. I enjoy the pride of seeing my contributions out there, the 
name recognition is nice as well.  3.  It's fun.  4.  Helps my resume, 
it looks good to employers.

Software design isn't exactly boat design, in that boats are probably 
best designed by one hand.  Does this analogy make any sense? 
And--currently--designs can't be protected like software can.

But consider if boat designs were protected and there was a similar 
"free" boat design movement, as say Linux:  If you had somebody who came 
out with 3 solid hull designs, publish under "copy-left" (which were 
copyrighted), consider the possibilities.  Although many expect anarchy 
when it comes to free software, changes are usually tightly controlled 
and a free software package often turns into a mature product.  Eric 
Raymond calls the free software development model the Bazaar:

http://www.catb.org/~esr/writings/cathedral-bazaar/cathedral-bazaar

If kayak designs were like free software, expert paddles and even 
average paddlers might contribute changes or suggestions.  (People can 
make suggestions now, but let's say the designer ignored your pleas: 
Your own changes could be incorporated in a related design.)  What if 
there was a "bug" database for kayaks, where design defects or 
suggestions could be tracked?

With appropriate design collaboration software (e-mail?) maybe somebody 
would develop the Linux of kayaks.  (Penguin shaped!?)

Anyway, free designs could be downloaded and customized for different 
people:  Maybe some of these designs would be appropriate for home 
builders (plywood or strip construction), others would be published for 
commercial development (fiberglass or plastic).  Any of your changes 
would have to be released.  If you change a loft line or two, you would 
be obligated to publish the new dimensions and acknowledge that whoever 
still "owned" the original design, though he may or may not have 
approved it.  (Typically, under free software you have the freedom to 
keep the changes to your self if you don't redistribute them.)

How would designers make money?  Well, the same way that Linus makes 
money:  Business and software consulting.  Customization.  Branding. 
What impulse would there be to design something new?  Fun.

Industry analysts speculate that Linux is going to take over the 
operating system market--well, maybe not for home systems, but at least 
for servers--in the not-so-near future.  Eventually, maybe in the next 
fifty years, without design protection in law or not, enough people are 
going to "donate" enough kayak designs.  We'll eventually have 
intelligent enough software and fabrication machinery to instantly pump 
out these designs and any variations.  There likely isn't going to be 
any need for the Microsoft of the kayak world.

[P.S.  Personally, I would like to see protection for boat designers, 
but at the same time I don't want designers to be "anti-social" (for 
want of a better word.)]
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From: Michael Daly <mikedaly_at_magma.ca>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] Boat Design
Date: Mon, 16 Aug 2004 12:14:20 -0400
On 14 Aug 2004 at 1:01, Elias Ross wrote:

> is "free as in freedom".  I'm many of you out there have heard of
> Linux, or maybe the web browser Mozilla or HTTP server Apache.  All of
> these software packages are free to copy, with some restrictions. 
> They are copy-lefted, not public-domain, meaning that the original
> creator reserves certain rights and control over their own copyrighted
> work.

Interesting comments.  The Economist recently had an article on the 
open source software model and proposed that the same approach could 
be used in other businesses.  As you say, you make your money on 
providing value to the customer, not battling for ownership in the 
courts.

This could work well for things like S&G, strip and SOF designs, 
where the information, not the physical product itself, is important. 
However, it is harder to use with a manufactured product.  If kayaks 
were modular, where one could pick a hull from, say, Mariner, a deck 
from VCP, fittings from Seaward etc, then that would be different, 
but "free" (in the user-contribution sense) manufactured products are 
tougher to see working (star trek replicator based manufacturing 
excepted).

One good thing would be to see features freely licenced.  You can 
patent all you want, but if you retain exclusive manufacturing and 
sales rights, your market may be poor.  If someone invents the best 
ever widget for kayaks but limits them to their own wonky boats, then 
the world will not beat a path to their door.  However, if any 
manufacturer can include the widget either by licensing the 
manufacture of their own version for inclusion or buying the widget 
modules of the first, the first guy can make money even if no one 
ever buys one if his kayaks.

BTW, a local store/manufacturer that gained considerable notoriety 
for "borrowing" designs and features from established kayak companies 
recently closed up shop.  I know that they once claimed that they 
sold boats for Boreal, but these were in fact very cheap copies.  The 
market place seems to have worked in this case.

Mike
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From: PeterO <rebyl_kayak_at_iprimus.com.au>
subject: RE: [Paddlewise] Boat Design
Date: Tue, 17 Aug 2004 10:14:06 +1000
Mike wrote: -
>If kayaks were modular, where one could
>pick a hull from, say, Mariner, a deck
>from VCP, fittings from Seaward etc, then
>that would be different,

G'Day Elias, Mike and Paddlewise,

Interesting analysis, though I hope and suspect that like computer generated
music, computer designed kayaks will only ever be a small niche market. Are
cars designed this way?

Re modular kayaks, seems we could again learn from the past. I have never
seen craft so beautiful as the sailing boats built by the Indonesians and
the Torres Strait Islanders a few centuries ago. Apparently there was quite
a trade in dugout hulls which were exported from the Indonesian mainland,
where hardwood was readily available. They were sold all over the Torres
Strait Islands where they were outfitted with decks, mast, sails and rigging
wonderfully constructed from palm leaf, bamboo and lines woven from hemp.

All the best, PeterO
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From: Nick Schade <nick_at_guillemot-kayaks.com>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] Boat Design
Date: Tue, 17 Aug 2004 11:19:35 -0400
The analogy between kayak designs and software is not very good. In 
software, the mechanics of how it works is hidden after it is compiled. 
With a boat everything about it is out there for anyone's inspection.

What you sort of seem to be asking for is a complete set of lines for 
the boat be freely available, preferably in electronic form. The design 
isn't the electronic file, it is the boat itself.

On Aug 14, 2004, at 4:01 AM, Elias Ross wrote:
>     * The freedom to run the program, for any purpose (freedom 0).

If I sell you plans you can use them to make a race car. Doesn't matter 
to me.

>     * The freedom to study how the program works, and adapt it to your 
> needs (freedom 1). Access to the source code is a precondition for 
> this.

If you build one of my designs you can paddle it with your eyes open 
and watch what it does and learn everything you want about the design.

>     * The freedom to redistribute copies so you can help your neighbor 
> (freedom 2).

I don't want you to distribute copies of my plans or finished boats 
without my permission, but all your friends can try it and watch you in 
the boat and learn just about everything there is to know about the 
design. They can use this knowledge as they see fit. I only ask you 
don't make a copy of my plans, or use the forms for my design.

>     * The freedom to improve the program, and release your 
> improvements to the public, so that the whole community benefits 
> (freedom 3). Access to the source code is a precondition for this.
>

My licensing agreement (build one boat from my plans, or pay a royalty 
for additional boats) does not keep you from coming up with your own 
design which uses ideas from mine. "Source code" is not required, it 
just makes it easier. You can see the shape and make any measurements 
you choose. What benefit does the designer get from making the 
electronic CAD files available? The benefit appears to be one-way.

> I spend a bit of my time helping out these projects because:  1.  I 
> use free software and feel obliged to contribute because if I don't, 
> who will?  2. I enjoy the pride of seeing my contributions out there, 
> the name recognition is nice as well.  3.  It's fun.  4.  Helps my 
> resume, it looks good to employers.

With software there is a mechanism for being sure credit is passed 
along where credit is due, either through comments in the code or a 
change log. There is no similar mechanism for a boat. Should a list of 
all contributers be laminated into the glass?

> If kayak designs were like free software, expert paddles and even 
> average paddlers might contribute changes or suggestions.  (People can 
> make suggestions now, but let's say the designer ignored your pleas: 
> Your own changes could be incorporated in a related design.)  What if 
> there was a "bug" database for kayaks, where design defects or 
> suggestions could be tracked?

Define a "bug" in a kayak. It is not as if there is such a thing as 
"too stable" it is at best "more stable than I like." Some people want 
a stiff tracking boat, other like it loose. One person's "bug" is often 
another's "feature".

>
> With appropriate design collaboration software (e-mail?) maybe 
> somebody would develop the Linux of kayaks.  (Penguin shaped!?)

Maybe we should work on the Linux of shoes first. The market is bigger. 
We wouldn't need as big malls if everyone could agree on a standardized 
shoe. One-size-fits-all has the potential to work in operating systems, 
but doesn't really make sense in kayaks. For better or worse, kayak 
design has a lot to do with "style". This is not just "style" in the 
form of what a kayak looks like, but includes the waters people paddle, 
what they do when they are on the water, and their expectations of what 
the kayak will do for them.

>
> Anyway, free designs could be downloaded and customized for different 
> people:  Maybe some of these designs would be appropriate for home 
> builders (plywood or strip construction), others would be published 
> for commercial development (fiberglass or plastic).  Any of your 
> changes would have to be released.  If you change a loft line or two, 
> you would be obligated to publish the new dimensions and acknowledge 
> that whoever still "owned" the original design, though he may or may 
> not have approved it.  (Typically, under free software you have the 
> freedom to keep the changes to your self if you don't redistribute 
> them.)
>
> How would designers make money?  Well, the same way that Linus makes 
> money:  Business and software consulting.  Customization.  Branding. 
> What impulse would there be to design something new?  Fun.

The market for customized designs is vanishingly small. I do about 5 a 
year. If I could charge $5,000 for each design, this might provide a 
living of baloney and wonderbread. And if were easy for people to make 
their own modifications, this market would shrink and the rate I could 
charge would drop. I currently charge much less, with the expectation 
that I will be able to sell the customized design to other customers in 
the future.

As a practical matter I have several design which I give away for free. 
I have never had anyone send back a file with an "improvement" on one 
of these designs. I have had several people use the plans in unexpected 
ways, but there does not seem to be any groundswell in people giving 
back. What I have seen is people make small modifications to my 
designs, call them "new" and sell them.

Nick Schade

Guillemot Kayaks
824 Thompson St
Glastonbury, CT 06033
USA
Ph/Fx: (860) 659-8847
http://www.guillemot-kayaks.com/
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From: Elias Ross <genman_at_noderunner.net>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] Boat Design
Date: Tue, 17 Aug 2004 11:34:11 -0700
Nick Schade wrote:
> The analogy between kayak designs and software is not very good. In 
> software, the mechanics of how it works is hidden after it is compiled. 
> With a boat everything about it is out there for anyone's inspection.

Well, software is far from opaque.  It's fairly easy to disassmble 
machine code and figure out how it works.  It's also fairly easy to take 
a set of inputs and compare its outputs.  You can get at the essence of 
what a program does with some effort.

> What you sort of seem to be asking for is a complete set of lines for 
> the boat be freely available, preferably in electronic form. The design 
> isn't the electronic file, it is the boat itself.

If you're going to be making your own modified version a boat, you still 
have to buy or construct the boat itself.  Then you can accurately measure.

> My licensing agreement (build one boat from my plans, or pay a royalty 
> for additional boats) does not keep you from coming up with your own 
> design which uses ideas from mine. "Source code" is not required, it 
> just makes it easier. You can see the shape and make any measurements 
> you choose. What benefit does the designer get from making the 
> electronic CAD files available? The benefit appears to be one-way.

If the lines or build instructions were used to build a different boat, 
the same instructions would be available to the designer.  If I build a 
boat for, say, my 9-year old, from your modified plans, you would 
receive the same modifications present in my boat.  The benefit is you 
(well, everyone) would have plans suitable for everyone.

> With software there is a mechanism for being sure credit is passed along 
> where credit is due, either through comments in the code or a change 
> log. There is no similar mechanism for a boat. Should a list of all 
> contributers be laminated into the glass?

No, the analogy is this, and I don't know believe (personally) that the 
analogy is 100% accurate:

Program source code : Commerical Product :: Kayak plans : Finished boat

Contributors would be listed in the source code/plans, not the finished 
  product.

> Define a "bug" in a kayak. It is not as if there is such a thing as "too 
> stable" it is at best "more stable than I like." Some people want a 
> stiff tracking boat, other like it loose. One person's "bug" is often 
> another's "feature".

Have you heard the joke about Microsoft calling their bugs "features"? 
Clearly, a given boat has characteristics suitable for one paddler over 
another.  But let's say, given a set of "use cases" (software 
development term), the boat has inherent defects (fails given the plan's 
construction techniques) these could be corrected by the manufacturer.

For example, if a skeg box were to leak due to its design, or hatches 
leak, the coaming crack when entering, foot pedals slipping, lee cocking 
etc.  Some of these involve construction details, some ergonomics, some 
hull design.

> Maybe we should work on the Linux of shoes first. The market is bigger. 
> We wouldn't need as big malls if everyone could agree on a standardized 
> shoe. One-size-fits-all has the potential to work in operating systems, 
> but doesn't really make sense in kayaks. For better or worse, kayak 
> design has a lot to do with "style". This is not just "style" in the 
> form of what a kayak looks like, but includes the waters people paddle, 
> what they do when they are on the water, and their expectations of what 
> the kayak will do for them.

The analogy with software breaks down here, I agree.  Software design is 
very messy, you can add things to make a given product suitable for a 
wider range of customers without hurting its suitability for the 
original group.

And though the suitability of a boat for a person and paddling condition 
determines design, designs are borrowed from other designs.  Software is 
much this way.  A word processor and spreadsheet don't have much in 
common, but the fundamentals are shared.

> As a practical matter I have several design which I give away for free. 
> I have never had anyone send back a file with an "improvement" on one of 
> these designs. I have had several people use the plans in unexpected 
> ways, but there does not seem to be any groundswell in people giving 
> back. What I have seen is people make small modifications to my designs, 
> call them "new" and sell them.

Free software is, perhaps paradoxically, protected and enabled by 
copyright law.  Copyright ensures Microsoft can't steal code from Linux. 
  If Linux were public domain, people would do the same things you 
describe:  Make changes and sell the software for profit, which benefits 
only a few.

I was considering the possible consequences of the protection of boat 
design, not advocating that designers give things away for people to steal.

But if boat designs were protected by law, I think there is a chance 
there would community developing around producing "community designs." 
Whether or not they would be developed commercially or just by hobbists 
is a good question.  (And I am not here to advocate boat designers do 
such a thing if there were such a law, or condemn or push those who 
don't.)  The reason that people do not give back as you describe, is 
there is no such obligation under law.  And there is no "enabling 
technology" in place that allows for information to be shared and 
updated easily.  (This mailing list is a good example!)

Personally, I think it is wrong to steal somebody's design, change it, 
and sell as "new".  This goes against the overall philosophy.
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From: Nick Schade <nick_at_guillemot-kayaks.com>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] Boat Design
Date: Wed, 18 Aug 2004 12:02:21 -0400
On Aug 17, 2004, at 2:34 PM, Elias Ross wrote:

> But if boat designs were protected by law, I think there is a chance 
> there would community developing around producing "community designs." 
> Whether or not they would be developed commercially or just by 
> hobbists is a good question.  (And I am not here to advocate boat 
> designers do such a thing if there were such a law, or condemn or push 
> those who don't.)  The reason that people do not give back as you 
> describe, is there is no such obligation under law.  And there is no 
> "enabling technology" in place that allows for information to be 
> shared and updated easily.  (This mailing list is a good example!)

I really don't have any problem with the idea of a "open-source" style 
design database. I've actually had ideas along those lines myself. 
There are some logistical problems for design sharing (file format 
etc.) , but using a program like Ross Leidy's "KayakFoundary" 
http://www.blueheronkayaks.com/kayak/index.html most of them could be 
overcome. If you think it is really a good idea, all you need to do is 
start it. Use KayakFoundary to create a design and put it out there for 
people to work with. The design files are covered by all the same 
copyright laws as software. Finished boats are protected under the 
Vessel Hull Design Protection Act. I think this sort of project could 
become a wonderful resource, but I don't have the time.

Nick Schade

Guillemot Kayaks
824 Thompson St
Glastonbury, CT 06033
USA
Ph/Fx: (860) 659-8847
http://www.guillemot-kayaks.com/
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From: Rich Kulawiec <rsk_at_rockandwater.net>
subject: Re: [Paddlewise] Boat Design
Date: Tue, 17 Aug 2004 20:27:40 -0400
On Sat, Aug 14, 2004 at 01:01:27AM -0700, Elias Ross wrote:
> It was interesting reading about software and kayaks:  I spend a bit of 
> my free time and some work time developing "free software", which is 
> "free as in freedom".  I'm many of you out there have heard of Linux, or 
> maybe the web browser Mozilla or HTTP server Apache.

Or "the Internet", which would not exist with open-source software,
and was busy being constructed on it long before the term "open-source"
was coined and added to the lexicon.

See, for example:

	Information Wants to be Valuable
	http://www.netaction.org/articles/freesoft.html

It's not an accident that every significant Internet technology developed
in the past 20+ years has been created and refined in this environment:
open-source facilitates peer review, sharing of ideas, collaboration, and
continuous improvement -- which is why the aberration of closed-source is
rapidly dying, a development which scares the hell out of some people.

> Software design isn't exactly boat design, in that boats are probably 
> best designed by one hand.  Does this analogy make any sense? 
> And--currently--designs can't be protected like software can.

Actually, they can (depending on which legal jurisdiction you find
yourself in) be copyrighted or patented, as applicable.   I'm not
necessarily saying this is a good thing or a bad thing, I'm just
saying that it's a possibility.

> If kayak designs were like free software, expert paddles and even 
> average paddlers might contribute changes or suggestions.  (People can 
> make suggestions now, but let's say the designer ignored your pleas: 
> Your own changes could be incorporated in a related design.)  What if 
> there was a "bug" database for kayaks, where design defects or 
> suggestions could be tracked?

This is an interesting idea.  Whitewater slalom kayak/canoe designs are
licensed: the way it works is that every boat made using design X results
in a fee to the person(s) who came up with design X.  But since the
major driving forces behind changes in the designs are universal, it's
not uncommon for multiple designers to independently come up with the
same kinds of changes (e.g. forward shift in C-2 cockpits in the 90's)
at the same time.  Happily, nobody seems to get very upset about this:
I think in part this is because nearly everyone knows nearly everyone
else and getting snippy about it would serve no useful purpose.

	[ Compare and constrast with the flurry of completely ridiculous
	software patents -- a silly concept to begin with -- being rammed
	through an absolutely computer-illiterate USPTO, to whom the
	phrase "prior art" and the concept "obviousness" seem to have
	no meaning whatsoever.	This approach is being used by companies
	which can't compete on merit to strangle competition and innovation
	with litigation.  See "SCO" or the man behind their curtain, Microsoft. ]

Anyway, the sharing of data might be easier to accomplish in this
sphere because people are used to it: with very few exceptions, most
folks are quite amenable to passing along their ideas and discoveries
for the mutual benefit of all.  That sort of mindset may make it
easier to establish a common pool of knowledge than in some other
areas...or at least, I hope so: we should have all figured out by
now that together we know far more than we do separately.

---Rsk
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